Stakeholder Evaluation Research Articles

An Application of Situational Crisis Communication Theory on Germanwings Flight 9525 Crisis Communication

When such a crises involve injury and loss of life, a comprehensive ability of organization to comprehend and predict the way of act and react of its diverse stakeholders its very important to keep the communications levels meet with their expectations, in terms of transparency and frequent communications to eliminate the paradigm of status quo during handling the catastrophe. On 24 March 2015 at 10:53 AM, the Airbus A320-211 from Germanwings carrying 144 passengers and six crew crashed in a remote area of the French Alps as it flew from Barcelona to Dusseldorf. To deal with challenges that tumble Lufthansa reputation (as the parent company of Germanwings) as well as the worldwide German airline industry reputation and financial losses, Germanwings is particularly used many strategies to communicate with stakeholders during the crisis occur.This paper employs the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) by Coombs to analyze how Lufthansa Group responded to the series of crisis communication during the flight crash crisis occurred. First, the analysis and evaluation of stakeholder's group are provided to give a clear path to whom Lufthansa Group should be responsible during the crisis occurred. Second, this thesis study outlines the perceptions of stakeholder's group and the possible reputational threat. Third, this paper investigated Lufthansa Group's crisis response strategies through an analysis of media channels, such as two press release, two press conference and video broadcast on certain period from 24-27 March 2015. Lastly, discussion on content analysis are conducted to measure the effectiveness of overall crisis communication response by Lufthansa Group according to SCCT model.

Evaluation of Stakeholders’ Relationship in Housing Provision Process in Egypt: Case Study of 6th October City

The informal market for housing provision in Egypt succeeded to attract a large group of citizens. This research aims to identify and evaluate the interrelationships between the government and other actors involved in the housing provision process. The research highlights the different modes of governance, in order to well understand the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders involved in the housing provision process in Egypt. The research focuses on Sixth October city as one of the new urban communities in Egypt; and reviews the process of housing provision in the city for the low income class.

Summative service and stakeholder evaluation of an NHS-funded community Pharmacy Emergency Repeat Medication Supply Service (PERMSS)

ObjectivesService and stakeholder evaluation of an NHS-funded service providing out-ofhours (OOH) emergency repeat medications to patients self-presenting at community pharmacies.SettingCommunity pharmacies across the North East of England accredited to provide...

Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Preclinical Testing for Alzheimer’s Disease

Progress towards validating amyloid beta as an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD) heightens the need for evaluation of stakeholders' perspectives of the benefits and harms of preclinical testing in asymptomatic individuals. Investigators conducted and analyzed 14 semi-structured interviews with family members of patients diagnosed with AD. Participants reported benefits, including the potential to seek treatment, make lifestyle changes, and prepare for cognitive impairment. Participants identified harms, including social harms, adverse life decisions, and psychological harms. Nine participants reported either a "positive global perspective" or a "positive global perspective (qualified)." Results from this study characterized stakeholders' perspectives on the potential benefits and harms of clinical use of preclinical testing for AD. Investigators used data from this study to develop a framework that contributes to ongoing discussions that will evaluate widespread adoption of preclinical testing and will inform future research.

Involving Roma parents: analysing the good practice of a primary school in Ghent

Recently, societal and academic attention toward the topic of Roma integration has been increasing. With this article we aim to make a contribution to the domain of educational research. We explore strategies that schools can adopt to improve the involvement of Roma parents. Using a theory-based stakeholder evaluation, we more specifically analyse how the organizational model of a primary school contributes to the establishment of trust between both parties. The results show that the theoretical principles guiding the daily school practices and interventions are aligned with the needs and specificity of the target audience, but are also broadly supported by the school staff. As such, the organizational structure of the school contributes to the support of the school staff for the global school vision and to the overall success of the approach. Nevertheless, some tension remains between team members working on the ‘care’ aspect and teachers working solely within the classroom.

Two-year assessment of the activity of an evaluation unit of fitness to drive

Driving is a complex and essential activity for patient autonomy. High Health Autority practice guidelines for the assessment of brain injury patient ability to drive are to be published in 2015 [1]. The main objective of this study is to analyze the activity of an evaluation unit of driving ability. The second one is to assess the compliance with clinical practice guidelines. Retrospective study concerning the relevance and the systematic nature of a medical assessment protocol ability to drive made by a PMR ward in tertiary university Hospital over a two year period. The protocol includes medical and ophthalmological evaluations, occupational therapy (OT) and neuropsychological assessment. Finally an on-road test with a suitable vehicle in the presence of a driving school instructor and an occupational therapist is made. A total of 77 patients were evaluated in our unit. We considered after evaluation that about half (23/52) of brain-damaged patients assessed in our unit were able to drive. Forty-two ophthalmologic assessments, 31 neuropsychological assessments and 25 reviews with OT coupled to a road test were performed. Practical analysis confirmed that the multidisciplinary assessment of visual, sensorimotor, cognitive and road test are consistent with the guidelines. However, the highlight of a neglect syndrome had not systematically dissuaded the driving capacity, that is not in line with the HAS guidelines. The assessment of ability to drive must be standardized, particularly concerning on-road test. Patient and family's information on the need to make such an assessment must be systematized and made as early as possible. It seems necessary to better estimate driving habits after evaluation of patient, whatever they were validated or not. It is also necessary to analyze post validation risk for accident [2]. Finally, these guidelines should be disseminated and shared by all stakeholders (evaluation unit, licensed physician, Committee on driving license).

Patient and Stakeholder Engagement in the PCORI Pilot Projects: Description and Lessons Learned.

BACKGROUNDPatients and healthcare stakeholders are increasingly becoming engaged in the planning and conduct of biomedical research. However, limited research characterizes this process or its impact.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to characterize patient and stakeholder engagement in the 50 Pilot Projects funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), and identify early contributions and lessons learned.DESIGNA self-report instrument was completed by researchers between 6 and 12 months following project initiation.PARTICIPANTSForty-seven principal investigators or their designees (94 % response rate) participated in the study.MAIN MEASURES Self-report of types of stakeholders engaged, stages and levels of engagement, facilitators and barriers to engagement, lessons learned, and contributions from engagement were measured.KEY RESULTSMost (83 %) reported engaging more than one stakeholder in their project. Among those, the most commonly reported groups were patients (90 %), clinicians (87 %), health system representatives (44 %), caregivers (41 %), and advocacy organizations (41 %). Stakeholders were commonly involved in topic solicitation, question development, study design, and data collection. Many projects engaged stakeholders in data analysis, results interpretation, and dissemination. Commonly reported contributions included changes to project methods, outcomes or goals; improvement of measurement tools; and interpretation of qualitative data. Investigators often identified communication and shared leadership strategies as “critically important” facilitators (53 and 44 % respectively); lack of stakeholder time was the most commonly reported challenge (46 %). Most challenges were only partially resolved. Early lessons learned included the importance of continuous and genuine partnerships, strategic selection of stakeholders, and accommodation of stakeholders’ practical needs.CONCLUSIONSPCORI Pilot Projects investigators report engaging a variety of stakeholders across many stages of research, with specific changes to their research attributed to engagement. This study identifies early lessons and barriers that should be addressed to facilitate engagement. While this research suggests potential impact of stakeholder engagement, systematic characterization and evaluation of engagement at multiple stages of research is needed to build the evidence base.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11606-015-3450-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A Macro and Micro-Level Evaluation of Stakeholders’ Collaboration for Sustainable City Logistics Operations

City logistics involves movement of city goods in urban areas respecting the municipal and administrative guidelines. The key goals of city logistics planning are maximizing vehicle movement and utilization, while minimising vehicle emissions and traffic congestion. Collaboration is vital to managing city logistics operations efficiently. Collaboration can take place in the form of goods consolidation, sharing of resources, information sharing, and so on. Two categories of models are proposed to evaluate these collaboration strategies. At the macro level, we present the collaboration matrix model; and at the micro level, we present the operational level model. The macro-level model focuses on the strategic decision making process necessary for stakeholders’ collaboration given the socio-cultural characteristics, economic, and environmental constraint factors, while the micro-level model applies the collaboration decision-making criteria derived from the macro-level analytic result to improve the activities of the city logistics operators. Results of the computational testing of our methodology on vehicle selection, goods to vehicle assignment, goods distribution and environmental impact assessment are discussed, showing that the collaboration strategies of stakeholders, if optimized, can improve city logistics operations. The proposed work is novel and has strong practical applicability for logistics planners and decision makers in planning right collaboration strategies for sustainable city logistics operations.

Do‐no‐harm versus do‐good social responsibility: Attributional thinking and the liability of foreignness

Research summary: The efforts of multinational corporations to be socially responsible do not always engender positive evaluations from overseas stakeholders. Drawing on attribution theory, we argue that two heuristics guide stakeholders in evaluating firms' social performance: foreignness and the valence of firms' social responsibility. We provide evidence from a field study of secondary stakeholders and an experimental study involving 129 non‐governmental organizations. Consistent with attribution theory, the liability of foreignness is minimized when firms engage in “do‐good” social responsibility (focused on proactive engagement creating positive externalities) but is substantial when firms engage in “do‐no‐harm” social responsibility (focused on attenuating negative externalities). In online supporting information, Appendix S1, we demonstrate that these evaluations have consequences for whether stakeholders subsequently cooperate, or sow conflict, with firms.Managerial summary: There is no guarantee that efforts to be socially responsible will improve multinational corporations' relations with overseas stakeholders, such as customers, governments, and activists. In a field study and an experiment, we unpack when foreign firms suffer from harsh stakeholder evaluations. Foreign firms especially suffer from harsh evaluations when they conduct “do‐no‐harm” CSR rather than “do‐good” CSR. Stakeholders attribute the motive for foreign firms' do‐no‐harm CSR to managerial interests and shareholder pressures, perceiving a wedge between managers and owners (who may be unmotivated to reduce the negative impacts of their business activities) and local stakeholders (who bear the social costs). A practical implication is that foreign firms gain more from highlighting do‐good rather than do‐(no)‐harm CSR initiatives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

How Relevant is the Marketing Curriculum to Today's Market

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) operate in an environment that combine characteristics from both business and non-profit sectors and have to possess and operate a bundle of skills and resources to implement strategies adapted to educational market conditions. How does an HEI ensure that its curriculum keeps pace with these changes? The purpose of this paper is to examine the weaknesses of the current undergraduate marketing curriculum offered by the HEI and propose a curriculum that reflects the requirements of today's market which is also in line with the global marketing curricula. A list of criteria was drawn for the evaluation of the BSc (Hons) undergraduate marketing curriculum. Perspectives from three cohorts of marketing students, employers, lecturers and experts in the field were gathered over a period of 3 weeks. Students expressed concerns about the number of non - marketing modules which formed part of the curriculum. Lack of resources and classrooms with 120 students for common modules were found to be not conducive for their learning. There was a lack of space for computer labs and access to internet was limited and very slow for their research assignments. The stakeholders evaluation in relation to course content, relevance, lecturers' characteristics and attitude, assignments, resources/facilities provided to the marketing students, employment prospects, leadership issues the powerful role of higher education in economic development are discussed. This revamped curriculum has attempted to balance the critical requirements of the curriculum from three angles: Firstly, with increased globalisation, this modern curriculum is in line with evolution in marketing and is expected to adequately prepare the students as practitioners in a global environment. Secondly, the aspirations of students have been taken into account so as to make the curriculum more relevant to their needs, and finally the requirements from the industry in terms of knowledge, skills and competences have been incorporated so that the students are better prepared to face the world of work once they have graduated. Although great care has been taken to ensure that the curriculum is modernised in line with the needs of employers and employees, marketing being such a dynamic area, it is difficult to predict for how long this revamped curriculum will remain relevant and when this should ideally be revamped again, an exercise which is currently undertaken every 4-6 years.

Analyzing Stakeholders Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping

Abstract Stakeholder analysis was first explored as a methodology to assist business leaders with their strategic management functions. Stakeholder analysis has since expanded beyond the corporate arena. Stakeholders are a vital element in all complex systems problems; they are the customers, users, clients, suppliers, employees, regulators, and team members of a system. They fund a system, design it, build it, operate it, maintain it, and dispose of it. Each stakeholder contributes their own value-added perspective, as described by the systems principle known as complementarity. While many approaches exist for classifying and determining their attitudes, these approaches stop short of evaluating stakeholders in a holistic and dynamic manner. This paper closes this research gap by discussing an approach to managing stakeholders using fuzzy cognitive mapping, an approach which allows for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of stakeholders on a given problem. The developed approach extends previous work by the author to showcase how stakeholders may be mapped holistically and dynamically.

Stakeholder evaluation of the feasibility of watershed management alternatives, using Integrated Lake Basin Management principles

AbstractContaining more than 90% of the liquid fresh water on our planet's surface, lakes are used for a wide range of human needs. Managing them for sustainable use also requires consideration of a multitude of scientific, socioeconomic and governance issues. Integrated Lake Basin Management (ILBM) is a comprehensive approach for achieving sustainable management of lakes and reservoirs through gradual, continuous and holistic improvement of basin governance, involving sustained efforts for improvement of six governance ‘pillars’ (Policy; Institutions: Stakeholders; Knowledge; Technology; Finances). This study demonstrates that ILBM is applicable not only to lentic water systems (lakes, reservoirs), but also to the upstream and downstream water systems (rivers, tributaries) of which they are a part. Two watersheds in eastern Pennsylvania (USA), designated as ‘Critical Water Planning Areas,’ are used as a case study for this application, with a focus on the ILBM Stakeholder pillar. The primary objective was to rank the feasibility of alternative management options for these watersheds on the basis of watershed stakeholder perceptions and discussions. The results of this process and the analyses undertaken in this study are discussed, including the management options ultimately identified, the lessons learned in the evaluation process, and means for improving the process for future evaluations.

Stakeholders' preferences and the assessment of forest ecosystem services: a comparative analysis in Italy

Values are qualities and beliefs orientating human actions and they change according to socio-economic variables such as gender, culture, education and income. Incorporating stakeholders’ values and attitudes in the forest planning is essential for reducing conflicts among forest users and ensuring successful formulation and implementation of the plans. The paper focuses on the analysis of stakeholders’ attitudes and preferences to the forest ecosystem services considering three types of attitudes: biocentric attitudes, social-altruistic attitudes, and individual attitudes. The stakeholders’ preferences were analysed in four case studies in Italy, characterized by different socio-economic structures and relationship between people and territory. Socio-economic attributes were tested as predictors of stakeholder preferences. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect opinions and preferences from altogether <br /> 327 stakeholders’ involved in forest planning. Results show that different background and culture influence the priorities given to forest ecosystem services. The study suggests paying attention to the evaluation of stakeholders’ preferences to forest ecosystem services when defining forest management guidelines, which could contribute to reduce the distance between communities and decision makers.    

Sustainability of community engagement – in the hands of stakeholders?

Purpose – The current gap in the field of community engagement is evaluation and measurement of the impacts on the stakeholders, mainly the community being engaged with. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses the need to consider the stakeholder's perspective and their involvement in a community engagement initiative, or in any social program. The authors begin by debating the most common evaluation techniques used, followed by re-introducing stakeholder evaluation to the field of community engagement. Findings – The evaluation using the stakeholders’ approach will not only create a holistic evaluation process, but will also assist in fostering a sense of ownership of the community engagement program. Originality/value – Community engagement is given much importance nowadays in Malaysia, especially in line with institutes of higher learning's tripartite mission, the third mission being the ability to engage with communities. It is not surprising because community engagement offers enormous benefits for regional and societal development. Community engagement relies heavily on partnership and mutual reciprocity between different stakeholders such as communities, universities, non-government organizations, field experts and funding organizations. In order to sustain the engagement initiatives, it is important to know who are the “owners” or stakeholders of the program.

Evaluating the performance of sustainable development in urban neighborhoods based on the feedback of multiple stakeholders

Sustainable development (SD) has increasingly become a major priority in urban neighborhoods to maintain social quality of life and support their economic development while preserving the environment. To expand the use of SD in urban neighborhoods, local governments often adopt various strategies such as land use planning. The priorities and effectiveness of these strategies vary significantly for different stakeholders such as neighborhood communities and local governments because of their different and often conflicting interests. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to integrate the performance evaluation of SD strategies from all urban planning stakeholders to ensure that the conducted evaluation is comprehensive and representative of all the affected stakeholders. Although there are several studies that focused on evaluating SD in urban areas, there is still a need for a comprehensive model that is capable of integrating the varying evaluations of different SD stakeholders. Accordingly, this paper presents the development of a comprehensive and an effective model for evaluating the performance of SD that is capable of integrating the varying and often conflicting evaluations of various stakeholders. The model is developed in four main stages: (1) formulation stage that created a comprehensive set of sustainable development (SD) criteria for urban neighborhoods; (2) group decision making stage that integrates the evaluations and judgments of multiple stakeholders; (3) implementation stage that automated the model computations; and (4) performance evaluation stage that analyzed the performance of the developed model using an application example.

Stakeholder responses to measures green and efficient urban freight

The project Green Urban Distribution aims at identifying and demonstrating green and efficient solutions for urban freight distribution through improved organization, service innovation and the application of technology. The successful introduction of such solutions depends on the acceptability and receptivity of involved stakeholders. Stakeholders in this case include carriers, end-receivers and local authorities. This paper presents stakeholder evaluations of two specific measures aimed at increasing the utilization of street areas, night and evening deliveries: mobile depots allow for the reallocation of land, whereas night and evening deliveries promote urban goods distribution in periods with low traffic and disperse distribution activities across 24hours. The findings of the paper lead to the development of a theoretical representation of particular collaborative processes in urban freight, as well as an aide in the practical organization and approach to measure implementation.

Sustainable supply chain and company performance

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the link between a sustainable supply chain and companies’ financial performance (FP) and provide empirical evidence about the relationship between these two constructs. This link is an important, but still unclear, subject.Design/methodology/approach– Multivariate measures of sustainable supply chain performance and companies’ FP are used for Granger causality tests on a large, diverse sample of 3,900 companies in a time frame of eight years (2004-2011).Findings– Results indicate general bidirectional causality between sustainable supply chain performance and companies’ margins and revenue. However, the link between firms’ profitability and sustainable supply chain performance is unidirectional. In addition, the recent financial crisis altered this link between the studied constructs. Finally, a wide diversity in relationship patterns between sustainable supply chain performance and companies’ FP emerges when the full sample is divided into different geographical regions and economic sectors as specified by the Global Industry Classification Standard system.Practical implications– This research makes recommendations for improving several processes, such as stakeholder evaluation of the sustainable supply chain performance of companies worldwide and manager testing of environmental policy outcomes.Originality/value– Building on the mostly qualitative literature on sustainable supply chain performance and companies’ FP, this research provides quantitative evidence of the gaps between these constructs. This research contributes to the discussions of supply chain management, environmental practices and the drivers of companies’ environmental and financial success.

Taking stock of four decades of quantitative research on stakeholder participation and evaluation use: A systematic map

Stakeholder participation and evaluation use have attracted a lot of attention from practitioners, theorists and researchers. A common hypothesis is that participation is positively associated with evaluation use. Whereas the number of empirical studies conducted on this topic is impressive, quantitative research has held a minority position within this scientific production. This study mobilizes systematic review methods to ‘map’ the empirical literature that has quantitatively studied participation and use. The goal is to take stock and assess the strength of evidence of this literature (but not to synthesize the findings) and, based on this assessment, to provide directions for future research.

PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN SCOPE DEVELOPMENT FOR A PALLIATIVE CARE HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN EUROPE

BackgroundPatient and Public Involvement (PPI) helps to ensure that study findings are useful to end users but is under-developed in Health Technology Assessment (HTA). "INTEGRATE-HTA, (a co-funded European Union project...

Global Perception of Sustainable Construction Project Risks

Sustainability goals move projects away from narrowly focused traditional management oriented ambitions of time, cost and quality, giving attention to economic, environmental and social impacts of construction projects. The recent literature identifies the critical project delivery attributes influencing sustainable building and infrastructure project outcomes as: trust and collaboration between key project participants, their commitment to sustainability, their early involvement and contract conditions. This paper presents results of the still ongoing study which is in relatively under-researched area and examines the global perception of sustainable Construction Project Risks. The survey goals were to compare different stakeholders’ evaluation of risks and stakeholders influence on project success. Risk was defined as an implication of uncertainty that could potentially impact project goals, either positively or negatively. Opposite of hypothesis, which was that different stakeholders will prioritize risk sources differently, the findings suggest there is no significant discrepancy between the perceptions of different stakeholders about the sustainable project risks.