Stakeholder Evaluation Research Articles

The Relationships Between Human Capital, Quality Management and Corporate Social Performance: A Bayesian SEM Approach

Quality management (QM), Human capital management (HCM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) fields are closely related. Traditionally QM has been captured in the relationship between companies and customers. However, corporate sustainability is believed to depend on not only customers but also on various company stakeholders. In addition, QM is expected to widely affect its customer effect and the various stakeholder evaluations. CSR has been captured in the relationship between companies and stakeholders. However, Strategic CSR concept is underway. Strategic CSR is a corporate strategy concept of selecting CSR activities according to whether they have a positive impact on corporate performance. Employees who make quality improvements by themselves, are indispensable to increase the effectiveness of QM. Human capital is thought to be one of the most important factors for the success of CSR activities. A lot of previous researches have analyzed on a psychometric basis. However, the approach has problems, such that the psychological influence and actual influence may differ. Therefore, this research analyzes the data from the CSR data book and financial reports which are based on the fact basis by using Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling. It demonstrates the impact of each factor more objectively. Analysis showed how each factor affects each other. Particularly, this study suggests that environmental CSR has a positive impact on corporate performance.

Аналіз моделей оцінки стейкхолдерів: прикладні аспекти формування стратегії сталого розвитку міст України

Аналіз моделей оцінки стейкхолдерів: прикладні аспекти формування стратегії сталого розвитку міст України

Theoretical Development and Empirical Examination of a Three-Roles Model of Responsible Leadership

This article develops theory on responsible leadership based on a model involving three leadership roles: an expert who displays organizational expertise, a facilitator who cares for and motivates employees, and a citizen who considers the consequences of her or his decisions for society. It draws on previous responsible leadership research, stakeholder theory and theories of behavioral complexity to conceptualize the roles model of responsible leadership. Responsible leadership is positioned as a concept that requires leaders to show behavioral complexity in addressing all three roles. In three studies we provide a first empirical test of antecedents and outcomes of the roles model of responsible leadership. The results of the studies indicate that responsible leadership is positively related to the leader’s perceived effectiveness, favorable stakeholder evaluations and employee engagement with the organization and society. Responsible leadership behavior, in turn, seems to be facilitated by leader empathy, positive affect and universal value orientation.

Judgements of SMEs’ Legitimacy and Its Sources

Organizational legitimacy is an important resource, which provides access to other resources. As such, it impacts the survival chances of organizations. In this study, we examine the individual judgments of the owner-managers of small-and-medium size enterprises (SMEs) of the legitimacy of their own enterprise as well as their perception of the legitimacy evaluations of relevant stakeholders. This research is based on interviews with owner-managers of SMEs located in the Lorraine region of France. The results show that when legitimacy is perceived as acquired, their judgments are based on instrumental, relational and moral evaluations, whereas when legitimacy is perceived as being deferred, judgement is based on mainly instrumental evaluations and when they report not being in position to judge their own legitimacy, their judgements are based on moral evaluations. In addition, the legitimacy judgements employed are associated with the different types of legitimacy sought by the SME owner-managers. Moreover, they perceive the validity cues coming from clients and employees as the most important sources of legitimacy. Other stakeholders are accorded secondary importance in granting legitimacy.

Developing Sexual and Reproductive Health Educational Resources for Young Women with Cystic Fibrosis: A Structured Approach to Stakeholder Engagement.

Stakeholder engagement, specifically integration of patient and family perspectives about what matters, is increasingly recognized as a critical component of patient-centered healthcare delivery. This study describes a structured approach to and evaluation of stakeholder engagement in the development of novel sexual and reproductive health (SRH) educational resources for adolescent and young adult (AYA) women with cystic fibrosis (CF). Key stakeholders participated in a systematic series of steps to iteratively develop and adapt patient educational resources. Process measures (stakeholder recruitment, composition, co-learning, and transparency) and proximal outcomes of stakeholder involvement (impact on the development process and satisfaction) were measured via recorded stakeholder recommendations and a stakeholder survey. Seventeen stakeholders participated in seven group and two patient-only conference calls. The majority of stakeholders understood their roles, had their expectations met or exceeded, and were satisfied with the frequency and quality of engagement in the project. All stakeholders in attendance provided multiple concrete recommen-dations during the development process. Stakeholders explored the motivations of AYA women with CF related to SRH and agreed that the ideal resource should be online. After reviewing the design of existing resources, stakeholders decided by consensus to partner with a pre-existing young women's health website and created 11 CF-specific SRH guides. This study illuminates a path for a formal process of stakeholder engagement and evaluation in educational resource development centered on the SRH care needs of AYA women with CF. Similar systematic, planned processes could be extended to other populations and aspects of healthcare.

Evaluation of Stakeholders’ Expectations Towards Congress Tourism by Kano Model: Case of Nevşehir

In the study, it is aimed to evaluate and weight the expectations of tourists for congress tourism in terms of Nevşehir destination. The Kano model was used as the basic method in the research. At the same time, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been integrated into the Kano model. In total, data from 90 participants were used. For the Nevşehir destination, the criteria obtained from the literature are weighted using Kano model and AHP. In this context, the highest expectation for convention tourism in Nevşehir destination is the option of "establishing congress visitor's office" and "improving technical equipment of existing congress halls". Other options are ranked according to importance. According to the findings of the study, expectations for congress tourism in Nevsehir destination were evaluated. On the basis of these evaluations, by the Kano model, if the expectations of the stakholders’ are met comments can be made about the degree to which the satisfaction of the destination will be affected. At the same time, due to the weighting of the activities that can be done towards the congress tourism expectancies, the suggestions that the destination decision makers can use are presented. As a method, it is proposed as a tool that can be used by decision makers. In terms of the method used, the fact that there is no study evaluating tourist expectations for destinations increases the importance of this study. Obtained findings, enables decision-makers in a destination offers a tool that they can use in decision-making. At the same time, the method is suggested to tourism researchers and tourism decision makers in this area

Opinions and evaluations of stakeholders in the implementation of the public-private partnership (PPP) model in integrated health campuses (city hospitals) in Turkey.

This study aimed to define the public-private partnership (PPP) model, eliciting the views and assessments of stakeholders and identifying associated health policies and planning issues. It uses qualitative research methods to examine the extent to which PPPs promote or interfere with the provision of health services, equality, efficiency, quality, health tourism, and initiatives to strengthen the national economy. Having selected an appropriate sample, researchers approached bureaucrats and experts from the Ministry of Health, Social Security Institution, Ministry of Development, Ministry of Finance, NGOs, and other state institutions and organizations. A total of 83 people were asked to complete a semi-structured questionnaire. The qualitative research data were analyzed using a descriptive-analysis method; a content analysis was carried out using a computer-based qualitative research program, MAXQDA Versions 11. The majority of participants expressed positive opinions about PPPs, their applicability in Turkey, and the financial viability and scope of PPPs in the health sector. They also commented on the aims, advantages, and disadvantages of such partnerships. The majority of participants believed that a PPP was an appropriate finance model for the integrated health-campus substructure of Turkey's health sector. The most positive views were expressed by public and private sector-stakeholders, while some negative views were voiced by NGO representatives. This study identified and assessed integrated health-campus projects to determine the aim, suitability, advantages, and disadvantages of the model in the health sector, particularly in relation to the cost, quality, and availability of health services. This study discusses the current positive and negative effects of integrated health-campus implementation.

Stakeholder Capital Mobilization and Corporate Social Responsibility

One of the most cited benefits of corporate-nonprofit partnerships is their ability to create associational value for each partner. This value, however, is contingent upon stakeholder evaluations o...

Enhancing Research Impact in Heritage Conservation

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how research impact is defined, measured, and generated – with a view to understanding how it can be enhanced within heritage conservation. It examines what is meant by ‘impact’ and how it can be promoted within heritage science through effective inter-disciplinary collaboration. Following a general examination of the current discourse concerning research impact, the study examined: (i) active research networks within heritage science; (ii) research planning and evaluation practices within heritage science; and (iii) the experiences of users (i.e. conservators and other heritage professionals) within research collaborations. Terminologies surrounding the notion of impact and the various phases of the research process were reviewed – from the initial identification of a knowledge gap to the eventual application of new findings in practice. Next, the reach and diversity of research collaborations (as identified through publication co-authorship) were studied to characterise the inter-disciplinary nature of heritage science and its connectedness to users. Findings showed substantial growth in international research collaborations over recent years, predominantly involving academic- and research-oriented institutions – although the engagement of heritage institutions has proportionally decreased. In addition, a worldwide survey of institutional planning and evaluation practices revealed a general reliance on processes driven by the interests of researchers – the systematic consideration of stakeholder opinion and evaluation of research outcomes being less common. Finally, a series of semi-structured interviews with senior heritage professionals explored their experience of collaborative research. The results identified key areas where strategic support is needed to promote user participation and enhance impact. These include training for research readiness, engagement, and impact for both researchers and users; better methods for needs and outcome assessment; affordable open access options and greater diversity of knowledge exchange opportunities. Finally, the need for ethical guidelines for responsible research, and greater emphasis on non-academic impact within research rating systems are discussed.

The Development of Complex Digital Health Solutions: Formative Evaluation Combining Different Methodologies.

BackgroundThe development of digital health solutions for current health care settings requires an understanding of the complexities of the health care system, organizational setting, and stakeholder groups and of the underlying interplay between stakeholders and the technology. The digital health solution was founded on the basis of an information and communication technology platform and point-of-care devices enabling home-based monitoring of disease progression and treatment outcome for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to describe and discuss the applicability of an iterative evaluation process in guiding the development of a digital health solution as a technical and organizational entity in three different health care systems.MethodsThe formative evaluation comprised the methodologies of contextual understanding, participatory design, and feasibility studies and included patients, healthcare professionals, and hardware and software developers. In total, the evaluation involved 45 patients and 25 health care professionals at 3 clinical sites in Europe.ResultsThe formative evaluation served as ongoing and relevant input to the development process of the digital health solution. Through initial field studies key stakeholder groups were identified and knowledge obtained about the different health care systems, the professional competencies involved in routine RA treatment, the clinics’ working procedures, and the use of communication technologies. A theory-based stakeholder evaluation achieved a multifaceted picture of the ideas and assumptions held by stakeholder groups at the three clinical sites, which also represented the diversity of three different language zones and cultures. Experiences and suggestions from the patients and health care professionals were sought through participatory design processes and real-life testing and actively used for adjusting the visual, conceptual, and practical design of the solution. The learnings captured through these activities aided in forming the solution and in developing a common understanding of the overall vision and aim of this solution. During this process, the 3 participating sites learned from each other’s feed-back with the ensuing multicultural inspiration. Moreover, these efforts also enabled the consortium to identify a ‘tipping point’ during a pilot study, revealing serious challenges and a need for further development of the solution. We achieved valuable learning during the evaluation activities, and the remaining challenges have been clarified more extensively than a single-site development would have discovered. The further obstacles have been defined as has the need to resolve these before designing and conducting a real-life clinical test to assess the outcome from a digital health solution for RA treatment.ConclusionsA formative evaluation process with ongoing involvement of stakeholder groups from 3 different cultures and countries have helped to inform and influence the development of a novel digital health solution, and provided constructive input and feedback enabling the consortium to control the development process.

The Parker Model: Applying a Qualitative Three-Step Approach to Optimally Utilize Input from Stakeholders When Introducing New Device Technologies in the Management of Chronic Rheumatic Diseases.

Background and ObjectiveQualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews and focus-groups are used to evaluate the applicability and relevance of device technologies in clinical practice, but when used alone, often lack generalizability. This study aimed to assess the face validity and feasibility of using a composite, three-step qualitative method (the Parker Model), to inform the development and implementation of ava®, an electromechanical device (e-Device) for subcutaneous self-administration of the biologic, certolizumab pegol (CZP), used to treat rheumatic diseases.MethodsThe Parker Model combines concept mapping (CM), participatory design (PD), and stakeholder evaluation (SE). CM, a structured group process, was used to identify patients’ opinions and concerns regarding the e-Device. Patients used this information in iterative PD sessions to create personal e-Device prototypes in cooperation with a designer and a healthcare professional. SE was performed based on semi-structured group and individual interviews with patients and disease-management stakeholders.ResultsThe study recruited 14 patients, two doctors, two nurses, one medical secretary, and four other public servants. Three CM workshops revealed four key considerations: technical usability, physical design, concerns, and enthusiasm. Four personalized prototypes were developed during PD sessions. SE confirmed that the identified considerations were pivotal for the implementation and adaptation of the e-Device.ConclusionsThis study is the first to apply a composite, qualitative research model when introducing an e-Device for the treatment and management of rheumatic disease. Results show that input from patients and other stakeholders using the Parker Model can add value to the development and implementation of an e-Device.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s40271-018-0306-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The Safe and Effective Use of Shared Data Underpinned by Stakeholder Engagement and Evaluation Practice.

Summary Objectives: The paper draws attention to: i) key considerations involving the confidentiality, privacy, and security of shared data; and ii) the requirements needed to build collaborative arrangements encompassing all stakeholders with the goal of ensuring safe, secure, and quality use of shared data. Method: A narrative review of existing research and policy approaches along with expert perspectives drawn from the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Working Group on Technology Assessment and Quality Development in Health Care and the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) Working Group for Assessment of Health Information Systems. Results: The technological ability to merge, link, re-use, and exchange data has outpaced the establishment of policies, procedures, and processes to monitor the ethics and legality of shared use of data. Questions remain about how to guarantee the security of shared data, and how to establish and maintain public trust across large-scale shared data enterprises. This paper identifies the importance of data governance frameworks (incorporating engagement with all stakeholders) to underpin the management of the ethics and legality of shared data use. The paper also provides some key considerations for the establishment of national approaches and measures to monitor compliance with best practice. Conclusion: Data sharing endeavours can help to underpin new collaborative models of health care which provide shared information, engagement, and accountability amongst all stakeholders. We believe that commitment to rigorous evaluation and stakeholder engagement will be critical to delivering health data benefits and the establishment of collaborative models of health care into the future.

The Impact of Cause Portfolio Focus and Contribution Amount on Stakeholder Evaluations

When companies engage in corporate philanthropy, they can donate to a number of causes supporting a variety of issues, thus establishing cause portfolios. This research examines how the focus of a cause portfolio affects company evaluations. Results from an experiment show that when a company donates a small amount of money, consumers have lower evaluations of a company when the cause portfolio is focused (i.e., supports one issue) versus diverse (i.e., supports many issues). This is because the focused (vs. diverse) portfolio is perceived to have a weaker impact to society. We provide additional evidence of this effect using a data set of Fortune 500 companies’ foundations, showing that cause portfolios are more likely to result in lower stakeholder evaluations when focused (vs. diverse). Again, we find that donation amount alleviates the difference between focused and diverse portfolios. The findings hold important implications for the company’s management of cause portfolios.

Promoting Best Practice in Assessment and Intervention: The Challenges of Working in Times of Cutbacks and Change

Promoting Best Practice in Assessment and Intervention: The Challenges of Working in Times of Cutbacks and Change

The Design of New Technology Supporting Wellbeing, Independence and Social Participation, for Older Adults Domiciled in Residential Homes and/or Assisted Living Communities

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and validate the requirements for new technology supporting wellness, independence and social participation for older people domiciled in residential homes and/or assisted-living communities. Method: This research adopts a stakeholder evaluation approach to requirements elicitation and user interface design. Specifically, the study design combines several qualitative human–machine interaction (HMI) design frameworks/methods, including realist ethnography, scenario-based design, persona-based design, and participatory design. Findings: New technology should reflect positive values around ageing and link to psychosocial models of successful ageing, and biopsychosocial models of health and wellbeing. Resident autonomy, wellness and social participation cannot be conceptualized outside an understanding of the relationships older adults have with others. The design remit for this technology is to enable a resident experience that is similar to living at home. New technologies should facilitate wellness and communication/connection, and not simply risk assessment. New technology provides an opportunity to bridge existing information gaps between care planning, care assessments and daily care. Overall this technology needs to be intuitive and uphold the resident’s dignity and rights. Person-to-person interaction is central to care delivery. The introduction of new technology should enhance this interaction, and not threaten it. Conclusions: Future assisted-living (AL) technology should be premised by biopsychosocial models of wellness and support relationships between older adults and members of the personal and professional community. New assisted-living technology affords the possibility for improved social relationships, enhanced wellbeing, better quality of care, and independence. Such technologies require careful consideration in relation to adapting to age/condition and managing issues pertaining to resident consent, privacy and human contact.

Evaluation of Stakeholders’ Ranking of Impediments to Enforcement of Annual Audit Rulings on Government Entities in Nigeria

This study evaluated stakeholders’ ranking of the factors that inhibit enforcement of annual audit rulings on government entities in Nigeria. Accountants, law enforcement agents and judicial officers constituted the research population. Two hundred population elements made-up the sample size. The study employed a combination of convenience, purposive and simple random sampling techniques in selecting sample elements. Primary sources provided the analyzed data. The researcher used both descriptive and inferential statistics in data analysis. For test of hypothesis, the study used a combination of chi square and Kendall tau-b coefficient of concordance. Use of chi square was necessary because the items ranked were more than seven in number. Of the eight identified factors, respondents ranked lip-service commitment of top government officials as number one inhibitor. Limiting powers of Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) had the least (8th) ranking. The study, however, found no significant correlation in the rankings by the stakeholders. The study recommended the setting up of Nigerian Public Sector Accounting Service Council (NPSASC), with powers to recommend the appointment and removal of Auditor-General for the Federation and States to the President and Governors respectively. Also recommended is provisions for mandatory enforcement of all audit rulings in Nigeria’s audit jurisprudence and additional powers for the Auditors –General to refer indicted persons directly to the EFCC after three months of inaction by the legislature, and for the Fiscal Responsibility Commission to institute actions against both legislators and law enforcement agencies for audit enforcement breaches.

Participatory multi-criteria decision analysis for prioritizing impacts in environmental and social impact assessments

Environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) can be an extremely useful tool for identifying and evaluating the repercussions of a wide range of initiatives. Typically when the project and its impacts are highly complex, an ESIA can detect a large number of issues that need to be prioritized so that they can be effectively and efficiently addressed. This article presents a mixed-methodology proposal for impact prioritization in ESIA, divided into four phases: (1) creation of the stakeholders’ platform; (2) identification and assessment of impacts; (3) impact categorization; and (4) impact assessment and prioritization using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). This procedure was applied as an ex-post evaluation of a golf-based tourism project in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Huelva, Spain), but can also potentially be used to conduct ex-ante assessments. The main contribution of the study is in the design and testing of a parsimonious procedure, which condenses a large amount of qualitative information into relatively simple operations using MCDA. The process is grounded in the constructivist social impact assessment (SIA) paradigm through stakeholder evaluation of impacts and criteria.

СУТНІСТЬ РЕПУТАЦІЙНИХ РИЗИКІВ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ НИМИ У БАНКІВСЬКОМУ СЕКТОРІ

В статті проаналізовані наукові підходи до розуміння і визначення сутності репутаційного ризику. Проведено обґрунтування теоретико–методичних засад вдосконалення сценаріїв аналізу репутаційних ризиків притаманних банківським установам та розроблено основу для формування комплексної стратегії з управління репутаційними ризиками.

Can scenario planning catalyse transformational change? Evaluating a climate change policy case study in Mali

The potential of participatory scenario processes to catalyse individual and collective transformation and policy change is emphasised in several theoretical reflections. Participatory scenario processes are believed to enhance participants’ systems understanding, learning, networking and subsequent changes in practices. However, limited empirical evidence is available to prove these assumptions. This study aimed to contribute to this knowledge gap. It evaluates whether these outcomes had resulted from the scenario planning exercise and the extent to which they can contribute to transformational processes. The research focused on a district level case study in rural Mali which examined food security and necessary policy changes in the context of climate change. The analyses of interviews with 26 participants carried out 12 months after the workshop suggested positive changes in learning and networking, but only limited influence on systems understanding. There was limited change in practice, but the reported changes occurred at the individual level, and no policy outcomes were evident. However, by building the adaptive capacity of participants, the scenario process had laid the foundation for ongoing collective action, and potential institutional and policy transformation. We conclude that to enhance the resilience of agricultural and food systems under climate change, participatory scenario processes require a broader range of cross-scale actors’ engagement to support transformational changes. Such process will both catalyse deeper learning and more effective link with national level policy-making process. In addition, individual scenario planning exercises are unlikely to generate sufficient learning and reflection, and instead they should form one component of more extensive and deliberate stakeholder engagement, learning and evaluation processes.

Jump2Health Website™ for Head Start parents to promote a healthy home environment: Results from formative research.

Background: In US, approximately 23% of children between the ages of 2-5 years are overweight or obese. Parents need access to information to create healthy home environments for obesity prevention, yet participation for in-person education programs is challenging. Web-based interventions are promising educational tools due to 24/7 availability. However, information is limited on their development and evaluation.Design and Methods: This study reports on a rigorous development process that included six focus group discussions (FGD) with stakeholders (three FGD each with parents and teachers) to assess education needs and inform the development of the Jump2Health Website™ by a multidisciplinary team. After development, the Website was evaluated by telephone interviews with stakeholders (five parents and six teachers) and reviewed by an expert panel of five Registered Dietitians.Results: Twenty Head Start parents and 22 Head Start teachers participated in the FGD. To address the needs identified by these stakeholders, the Website was designed to include components that were enabling and motivating, such as descriptions of health benefits by achieving the desired behaviours, short videos on easy meal preparation, and tip sheets on how to achieve healthy behaviours in easy, economical ways. Stakeholder evaluation of the Website indicated that the information was helpful, easy to use, and would be beneficial for parents.Conclusions: The development of Jump2Health Website™ was strengthened by FGD with stakeholders that assessed educational needs. Interviews with stakeholders and an expert panel review showed that the Website may be an effective educational method to teach parents about healthy behaviours related to obesity prevention.Significance for public healthOverweight and obesity in preschool children are at undesirable levels, reflecting a need for parent education programs that address a comprehensive set of obesigenic behaviors (diet, family meals, physical activity, sleep, and screen time) and meet parental needs in terms of accessibility and appeal. Formative evaluation with stakeholders (parents, teachers, and nutrition experts) was useful in shaping the development of the Jump2Health Website™. Websites may be able to overcome some of the challenges of traditional in-person education programs as parents can learn at their own pace and schedule. Parents may be able to obtain information from a website that they would have not felt comfortable asking their paediatrician. Stakeholders suggested that shorter text passages and additional topics on weight control and bullying be included. To provide more access and appeal, a mobile website for smartphones and other supportive materials (newsletters, text messages, and an interactive discussion blog) may be needed.