European Science Research Articles

BEGONALASHUV VA TANAZZUL SOTSIOLOGIK MUAMMO SIFATIDA

The article provides an overview of opinions on alienation and degradation. It talks about how important, relevant, and depending on what the role and significance of the subject in society is formed and visible. The views and opinions of sociologists are shown, during which an attempt is made to broadly shed light on how individuals in society get into this state and what its consequences lead to. The causes and factors of the alienation of groups and their members from their groups and communities living in modern society and entering into mutually diverse relationships were considered. In this article, the issue of alienation is considered and theoretically analyzed precisely as a sociological problem. The article shows the concepts of studying the problems of alienation developed by European scientists. The author cites the social views of such thinkers as Hegel, Marx, Habermas, Fromm on alienation and degradation.

The use of injectable orthobiologics for knee osteoarthritis: A European ESSKA-ORBIT consensus. Part 1-Blood-derived products (platelet-rich plasma).

The aim of this European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESSKA) consensus is to provide recommendations based on evidence and expert opinion to improve indications, decision-makingand administration-related aspects when using blood-derived orthobiologics (for simplicity indicated as PRP-platelet-rich plasma-with PRP being the most common product) for the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Leading European expert clinicians and scientists were divided into a steering group, a rating group and a peer review group. The steering group prepared 28 question-statement sets divided into three sections: PRP rationale and indications, PRP preparation and characterisationand PRP protocol. The quality of the statements received grades of recommendation ranging from A (high-level scientific support)to B (scientific presumption), C (low-level scientific support) or D (expert opinion). The question-statement sets were then evaluated by the rating group, and the statements scored from 1 to 9 based on their degree of agreement with the statements produced by the steering group. Once a general consensus was reached between the steering and rating groups, the document was submitted to the peer review group who evaluated the geographic adaptability and approved the document. A final combined meeting of all the members of the consensus was held to produce the official document. The literature review on the use of blood-derived products for knee OA revealed that 9 of 28 questions/statements had the support of high-level scientific literature, while the other 19 were supported by a medium-low scientific quality. Three of the 28 recommendations were grade A recommendations: (1) There is enough preclinical and clinical evidence to support the use of PRP in knee OA. This recommendation was considered appropriate with a strong agreement (mean: 8). (2) Clinical evidence has shown the effectiveness of PRP in patients for mild to moderate degrees of knee OA (KL ≤ 3). This recommendation was considered appropriate with a strong agreement (mean: 8.1). (3) PRP injections have been shown to provide a longer effect in comparison to the short-term effect of CS injections. They also seem to provide a safer use profile with less potential related complications. This recommendation was considered appropriate with a very strong agreement (mean: 8.7). Six statements were grade B recommendations, 7 were grade C and 12 were grade D. The mean rating score was 8.2 ± 0.3. The consensus group reached a high level of agreement on all the questions/statements despite the lack of clear evidence for some questions. According to the results from this consensus group, given the large body of existing literature and expert opinions, PRP was regarded as a valid treatment option for knee OAand as a possible first-line injectable treatment option for nonoperative management of knee OA, mainly for KL grades 1-3. Level II.

Functions of Protecting the Principle of University Autonomy

This paper explores various dimensions of the legal principle of university autonomy as defined within the framework of studies conducted by the EUA. These are organisation, financial, staffing and academic autonomy. Their essential features are questioned from the angle of their formative concretisation in the legal system of the Republic of Croatia. In the context of the foundation of the EHEA, which necessarily includes the need for harmonisation of the autonomy principle as the supreme legal principle in European (national) higher education and science systems, such harmonisation, in addition to the perspective of normativism, is also discussed in the context of social objectives and functions placed before universities as a measure of accomplishment of their autonomy and public responsibility.

Participatory soil citizen science: An unexploited resource for European soil research

AbstractSoils are key components of our ecosystems and provide 95%–99% of our food. This importance is reflected by an increase in participatory citizen science projects on soils. Citizen science is a participatory research method that actively involves and engages the public in scientific enquiry to generate new knowledge or understanding. Here, we review past and current citizen science projects on agricultural soils across Europe. We conducted a web‐based survey and described 24 reviewed European citizen science projects in the light of the 10 principles of citizen science and identified success factors for citizen science. Over 66% of the projects generated soil biodiversity data; 54% and 42% of the projects generated data on vegetation cover and soil organic carbon, respectively. Our findings show that soil citizen science projects aligned with the 10 principles of citizen science offer an unexploited resource for European soil health research. We conclude that promoting co‐creation, fostering knowledge‐sharing networks and enabling long‐term communication and commitment with citizens are success factors for further development of citizen science on soils.

Світоглядно-філософські засади педагогічних поглядів К. Д. Ушинського

The article is dedicated to the memory of Kostiantyn Dmytrovych Ushynskyi (1823-1871), an outstanding Ukrainian teacher-philosopher, founder and developer of the theoretical foundations of education based on the cooperation of pedagogy and psychology (the middle of the 19th century). In general, the purpose of the article is to update the scientific achievements of prominent compatriot. The article’s goal is detailed in such tasks: the assertion of Ukrainianness as the source or origin of K. Ushynskyi’s personality and creativity; the substantiation of the features of his life philosophy, mentality (the priority of the value of the human soul, heartcentred meaning of human being in the comprehension of life; high personal emotionality, but subject to will; love for the native foundations), which total combination nourished the thinker’s ideas about pedagogical anthropology; substantiation of the peculiar intertextuality of the K. Ushynskyi’s book “Man as an object of education. An attempt at pedagogical anthropology” (1868–1869); an attempt to characterize the worldview and philosophical meanings of K. Ushynskyi’s construction of the psychological and pedagogical foundations of the educational process (cultural conformity, nature conformity, activity as the basis of education), which remains not only the historical heritage of Ukrainian humanitarian thought, but also a variant of an anthropologically sharpened worldview landmark for modern educators. It has been established that in the documentary substantiation of K. Ushynskyi’s belonging to Ukrainian culture, the contribution of the modern local historian and teacher V. Terletskyi became the most important. It is shown that the appeals made by K. Ushynskyi to the thoughts, ideas, opinions of numerous European scientists, writers, historical figures, polemics and dialogues with them on the pages of the book ensured the transition to the creation of a text as a stereophonic intersection with other texts. The author of the article tries to substantiate this feature of the book as a kind of intertextuality of the analyzed scientific work.

Action and understanding in the semi-structured research interview: Using CA to analyse European research scientists’ attitudes to linguistic (dis)advantage

The semi-structured research interview is commonly used in EAP research to gain emic or insider perspectives. However, critics suggest that simplistic approaches to interview are pervasive, and that interview data is over-used and under-analysed by qualitative researchers. In this study, I consider the interactional nature of the EAP research interview by using the Conversation Analysis (CA) lens of action and understanding to enhance a more traditional qualitative analysis of interview data from semi-structured interviews with six European research scientists. I examine how the scientists position attitudes to the proposition that non-native English speakers are disadvantaged in writing for publication compared to their native speaker counterparts. The analysis focuses on how the scientists use pronominal subject + cognitive verb discourse markers (e.g., you know, I mean, I guess) to mark stance, shift focus, and renegotiate the linguistic (dis)advantage proposition. In doing so, they move beyond the native/non-native binary and introduce non-discursive factors as barriers to research publication success. The study highlights how an analysis of both the structure and the content of interview talk can enrich understanding of the worldviews of interview participants. It also illustrates how EAP researchers might address existing methodological critiques concerning the simplistic use of interview data.

Оценка судами юридической и экономической зависимости при признании отношений трудовыми

The signs of labor relations, formulated by the Soviet science of labor law, have undergone a certain rethinking in modern conditions. This is due not only to economic and political transformations in Russia. European legal science and judicial practice are also characterized by a transformation of ideas about the criteria of labor relations: significant importance is beginning to be attached not so much to the legal, but to the economic dependence of the performer on the customer of the work. These features are enshrined in the International Labour Organization recommendation “Employment Relationship Recommendation” (2006), clarified by the International Labour Office (2014), and are also reflected in national legislation, including Russian. The article makes an attempt to analyze judicial practice taking into account these trends.

Husain Faizkhanov (1823–1866) on Modernity: an Analysis of Correspondence Between 1855 and 1866

The article is devoted to the views of Husain Faizkhanov on the realities of Modern times, which were reflected primarily in his correspondence in 1855–1866. We investigate how Husain- Hazrat reflects the geopolitical situation, that is, the Crimean War (1853–1856) and the subsequent expansion of Russian borders in Kazakhstan and Central Asia in the 1850s and the half of the 1860s. In the conditions of competition between Russia and the West, H. Faizkhanov analyzes the system of organization of European science, its connection with reality. We examined his reflection of the Great Reforms of the 1860s and to the opportunities that opened up as it’s result for Muslim Tatars. At the same time, we considered his attitude to similar modernization reforms in the Muslim world, primarily in the Ottoman Empire and Egypt.

Citations to papers published in European Science Editing from 2020 to 2022: assessment using Scopus, Dimensions, Google Scholar, and Altmetrics

Citations to papers published in European Science Editing from 2020 to 2022: assessment using Scopus, Dimensions, Google Scholar, and Altmetrics

Seeing in re-ascension to Horizon Europe with a bang

As I suspect all of you and your pets will know, when the UK formally left the European Union on 1 January 2021, the UK’s association with the Horizon Europe programme also came to an end. Fast-forward a couple of prime ministers and we’re back in – as of 1 January 2024. To celebrate, our friends at Imperial College London hosted a reception, bringing together over 200 members of the UK and European science communities. As a member of the Biochemical Society’s Early Career Advisory Panel and as someone whose own research journey has been supported by generous funding from EU programmes, I was more than happy to be asked to represent the Biochemical Society at the event.

The Second Hungarian Conquest of the Carpathian Basin

Abstract During the nineteenth century many European scientists shared the view that a nation could compete successfully if only it improved its landscape via new infrastructures, such as large reclamation and river regulation projects, and via the intensive use of natural resources—for example, the scientifically planned use of forests. This “high” modernization path orchestrated by the political and scientific elites of Hungary sought to consolidate control over resources, landscapes, and competing ethnic groups and was in many respects similar to the many other versions of high modernism in Europe at the time. This version, however, represented a particular vision closely linked to the ecological systems of the Middle Danube area. Although questions of the political, economic, and technological “rise” of Hungary have attracted scholarly attention for centuries, historians have not fully explored the ecological consequences of modernization. Three of these consequences—deforestation, desertification, and flooding—are the subjects of this article. More broadly, the article aims to show how the political and economic goals of nationalism produced a science of ecological domination.

Wilder rangelands as a natural climate opportunity: Linking climate action to biodiversity conservation and social transformation

Rangelands face threats from climate and land-use change, including inappropriate climate change mitigation initiatives such as tree planting in grassy ecosystems. The marginalization and impoverishment of rangeland communities and their indigenous knowledge systems, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, are additional major challenges. To address these issues, we propose the wilder rangelands integrated framework, co-developed by South African and European scientists from diverse disciplines, as an opportunity to address the climate, livelihood, and biodiversity challenges in the world’s rangelands. More specifically, we present a Theory of Change to guide the design, monitoring, and evaluation of wilder rangelands. Through this, we aim to promote rangeland restoration, where local communities collaborate with regional and international actors to co-create new rangeland use models that simultaneously mitigate the impacts of climate change, restore biodiversity, and improve both ecosystem functioning and livelihoods.

Jean Blondel: One of the founding fathers of European political science

AbstractJean Blondel’s personal and scientific biography deserves to be illustrated, as it can in many ways also be an illustration of the laborious making of a genuinely European (though not only) political science from the ashes of World War 2, and the failures (uncertainties) of pre-WWII political science. Here it will briefly be recalled how an enthusiastic and innovative institution builder gained a central place in the making of the new European political science, and how Blondel coupled this with his tireless exploration of new fields of comparative politics, while being at the same time a generous mentor of PhD students and younger scholars and, for many, a great friend.

Sexual Knowledge and Expertise in Europe's East: Transnational Exchanges

East Central Europe played a crucial role in shaping the development of sexual science from the 1870s onwards. The life-histories of influential and well-known figures such as Sigmund Freud (born in Freiberg/Příbor), Magnus Hirschfeld (born in Kolberg/Kolobrzeg) and Karl Maria Kertbeny (born in Vienna, based in Budapest) reveal the imperial interconnectedness of East Central Europe with what would become Western Europe. By 1932, when the World League for Sexual Reform held its congress in Brno (following previous meetings in Berlin, London, Vienna, and Copenhagen), the society had established branches across the region, including Poland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. In that same year, Poland decriminalised homosexual acts. Yet, East Central Europe is often neglected in the history of sexology and little is known about how sexual science in these regions shaped, and was shaped by, global networks of knowledge production. Indeed, despite recent attempts to demonstrate the ways in which sexual science was a truly global enterprise, East Central Europe remains to be fully incorporated into our mapping of the global networks of sexological dialogue and exchange.1 This is especially true of scholarship on the period after the Second World War. Historians have tended to misconstrue the transnational nature of sexual science in East Central Europe both before and after 1945. First, the contribution of East Central Europeans to European cultures of scientific exchanges has been obscured by the tendency of much historical writing to focus on a small number of key pioneers (Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Sigmund Freud and Havelock Ellis). Second, it is assumed that East Central European sexual science was largely cut off from international networks of knowledge exchange after the Second World War following the onset of the Cold War.2 Third, there are preconceived notions that communist authoritarian governments, having curtailed political freedoms and economic entrepreneurialism, must have also taken a repressive stance against sexual expression.3 Fourth, the dominance of 1989 as the fundamental caesura has encouraged a periodisation that fails to draw enough attention to the shifts in transnational patterns of knowledge exchange around sexual politics during the period 1945 to 1989 and fails to identify key continuities that link the sexual politics of the contemporary world with those of the communist period. None of these assumptions can withstand scrutiny, as the articles in this forum reveal. Building on a recent boost in scholarly interest in the sexual histories of the region,4 we present a collection of papers that each detail the transnational connections of local sexual experts in creating sexual knowledge both before and during state socialism.5

Transport ecology in the context of the coronavirus pandemic

The work is devoted to the analysis of the latest data on the study of socio-hygienic and environmental consequences, a pandemic in conditions of a high level of atmospheric air pollution, the effect of solid and gaseous components of exhaust gases from automobiles and industry on human health and the environment.The object of the study is the atmospheric air polluted by the viral infection COVID-19. Action to tackle air pollution is particularly relevant in the wake of the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, according to research from the Harvard School of Public Health (USA), which Bellona has already written about, as well as reports from European scientists at the University of Siena School of Medicine (Italy). The dependence of health and mortality rates on air quality is a fact repeatedly confirmed. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), currently 9 out of 10 people in the world breathe polluted air, and this leads to 7 million additional deaths annually. WHO officials say that one third of deaths from stroke, lung cancer and heart disease are due to air pollution: “This death is caused by exposure to fine particulate matter 2.5 microns or less (PM 2.5) in diameter, which leads to the development of cardiovascular, respiratory and oncological diseases".

«Так нас природа сотворила…»: преступление без наказания? (Ф.М. Достоевский и И.А. Бунин)

The article substantiates the need to conceptualize the “dark” nature of man, as presented in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment and Ivan Bunin’s short story “Loopy Ears.” Asserting the truth in God, the writers also reveal the “dark” in man. Dostoevsky employs Raskolnikov’s words about the right of the “extraordinary” “according to the law of nature” to murder, while Bunin, through a detailed description of the “born criminal,” outlines another — not biblical — image of the “crown of Creation.” The subject of the first article is Raskolnikov’s words about the right to commit a crime. They are considered in the light of philosophical and religious sources: it is shown how stable prerequisites for the emergence of “schismatic” views were formed in European science; the plot motives of the “sixth day” of creation, the “second” creation from “nothing,” the “return” of Cain are comprehended in conjunction with this. Dostoevsky, remaining “with Christ” in the explanation of man, does not simplify his understanding of the anthropological problem: there are not only “people” who fill history with atrocities, but also Cain who always returns in the “wickedness” of the “wicked tribe” and returns, perhaps, to “ourselves.” Dostoevsky leads the reader to the “sixth” day of Creation (“apophaticism backwards”), illuminating his path both with the love of Christ and with his experience and knowledge of humanity. For Dostoevsky, the anthropological question remains open: not because of faith (“I would rather stay with Christ”), but because of historical facts and the modern understanding of man, where he appeared as “split,” as described in Raskolnikov’s article. The actualization of the ontological and anthropological problems of the novel reveals the opportunity to evaluate Crime and Punishment in the words of the Apostle Paul: “ written down as warnings for us, on whom the culmination of the ages has come.”

Two views on a single research object: mixed language code

The purpose of this article was to present the approaches and methods of Ukrainian and European scientists to the research of the interaction of two languages – Ukrainian and Russian in the communication processes between different segments of the society. As a result of close contacts, a mixed code with an uncertain status emerged, which received the figurative name “surzhyk” and was assessed by Ukrainian sociolinguistics as a threat to the development and functioning of the Ukrainian, primarily literary, language. The goal of the study was to analyze how the research object is presented in European science, namely in a scientific project in which Austrian, German and Ukrainian researchers participated (2019 – 2024). The research content was articles on mixed code published in Ukraine and abroad, as well as reports delivered at the seminar “Hybridization from two sides: Ukrainian-Russian and Russian-Ukrainian Code Mixing in the context of the (socio)linguistic situation in southern Ukraine along the Black Sea coast”, which took place in February 2024 in the Alpine-Austrian. University (Klagenfurt, Austria) and the participants of the project with the same name - researchers from the above-mentioned University named after Karl von Ossetsky (Institute of Slavic Studies), as well as Ukrainian and Polish researchers. This article belongs to the comparative and general research, therefore, the methods with which the author worked include the comparative method and the method of induction, which enabled to identify certain trends in the development of scientific thought in specific cases. The methods of analysis and synthesis allowed to analyze the approaches and methods of studying the results of the language mixing, which is Ukrainian-Russian Surzhyk. The analysis of the approaches and methods of analysis, recorded in the works of Ukrainian and Western European scholars - project participants, allowed us to draw conclusions that, when studying surzhyk, researchers have different goals in front of themselves. Ukrainian sociolinguists present it as a negative consequence of the existence of bilingualism on the territory of Ukraine, as a threat to the functioning and development of the Ukrainian language, as a space of interference phenomena in the structure of expressions. German and Austrian participants of the project, considering the historical and cultural development of Ukraine, consider surzhyk as a code that arose as a result of the complex communication interaction of languages and dialects living on the Ukraine’s territory, look for nodes of stabilization in it, single out regional lexifiers that form this code, analyze the systematic signs of the code due to the reduction of the variability of its units. Both groups emphasized the need to regard dialectal influences that allow to discuss different types of surzhyk, consider surzhyk a language of limited use and do not predict its establishing as a third language that ensures communication in society.

До аналізу викидів від зносу автомобільних шин, як екологічної складової використання автомобільного транспорту

In the work, a study of the negative impact of vehicles on the environment, namely emissions from the wear of automobile tires, was carried out. As a result, tire dust is released into the environment, which settles on the roads, or gets into the air and is carried over considerable distances. The research of European and American scientists on the wear and tear of vehicle tires during their movement and the harmfulness of these emissions to human health is analyzed. The mechanism of tire tread wear has been studied, its types have been determined, and the factors affecting wear of the tire tread have been determined. Based on the analysis of scientific research, the influence of the established factors on the change in the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 solid particles in emissions from car tire wear was determined. It was found that an aggressive driving style contributes to a significant increase (by 78 times) in the concentration of solid particles in emissions during tire wear. An increase in the level of emissions is also influenced by an increase in the load on the tires and an increase in the speed of movement. It was determined that new car tires are characterized by an increase in the concentration of particulate emissions, which is explained by a certain period of their running-in. An increase in the concentration of solid particles was also established when using studded winter tires compared to non-studded and summer ones. Possible steps for deepening research on the problem of solid particle emissions from tire wear and their impact on the environment are proposed. Among them: clear compliance with the load index when choosing tires, compliance with speed regimes, ensuring compliance of tire materials with wear resistance standards, taking into account the specifics of the impact of materials and the limit sizes of their components on the wear of automobile tires when designing coatings for new automobile roads and modernization of existing ones.

Comparative Analysis of European and Russian Studies on the Life and Works of Alisher Navoi

In the article, the issue of studying the comparative analysis of the study of the work of Alisher Navoi by European and Russian orientalists is considered. The works of scientists, given the huge source base, are distinguished by diversity, differences in approaches and interpretations. Nowadays, there are so many translations and works on the study of the works of Alisher Navoi that they require periodic systematization and analysis. From this point of view, the study of the problem of perception and interpretation of such a bright classic in oriental studies in Europe and Russia in the 20th–21st centuries is important. The need for studying the work of Alisher Navoi in European and Russian oriental studies also provided a versatile approach to the analysis of literary text. The main branch of oriental studies of the twentieth century of Russian Navoi studies is the study of works of a figurative nature. The descriptions and reviews of the works of Alisher Navoi are studied separately. The scientific skill in the research of Russian scientists of the 20th century is studied and the features of the translation of Alisher Navoi’s works, characteristic of modern translators, are highlighted. Basically, the modern period is characterized by the systematization and compilation of catalogs of existing works. The purpose of the study is to thoroughly study European and Russian Navoi studies of the 20th–21st centuries, to give a correct assessment of the creative heritage of Alisher Navoi, comparatively examining the works of European and Russian orientalists. In the course of a systematic analysis of the following research tasks, a review of the history of studying the poet’s works in Europe and Russia was made, the most significant scientific works on the work of Alisher Navoi were highlighted both in Europe and in Russia. The problems of scientific excellence in the research of European and Russian scientists of the 20th–21st centuries were studied.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ РОЗВИТКУ «ТРЕТЬОГО СЕКТОРУ» І СУБ’ЄКТІВ «СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ» В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes certain theoretical aspects of the development of «the third sector» and subjects of social economy. The terms «social economy» and «third sector» have long been in circulation in Western economic science, legislation and business practice and today are an important component of the developed countries’ economies. However, for Ukraine they are relatively new, uncommon and insufficiently researched, which, in turn, creates obstacles for their active development. Therefore, the analysis of existing approaches in European economic science and the development of theoretical aspects of the «third sector» and social economy development in Ukraine is a very relevant and important scientific task. The peculiarities of use of the term «social economy» in two different meanings have been established. The first is related to the general theoretical aspects of macroeconomics and certain theoretical and political economic concepts of the «improvement» of capitalism. The second is related to practical embodiment of the idea of mutual aid in the form of a special type of enterprises (organizations) that have a «non-capitalist nature» (do not want to make a profit) and form a separate, special sector of the market economy, consisting of real business entities whose activities are based on the idea of mutual assistance and has a clear social direction. Within the social economy sector, another term stood out and became widespread, which is «solidarity economy» – as a part of the social economy at grassroots level (in individual territorial communities and on the basis of other stable groups of people united by a certain sign of solidarity). Therefore, in the literature, the terms «social» and «solidarity» economy are found both separately and together when it comes to organizations or enterprises of social (solidarity) economy (SSE organizations or ESS). The terms «social economy» and «third sector» are quite close in meaning, because they unite specific non-state, non-profit, socially oriented organizations. However, «the third sector» is a category that includes, but is not limited to, social economy entities. In other words, «social economy» is the largest and most important part of «the third sector». The social economy subjects traditionally include cooperatives, mutual societies, fund associations and social enterprises. All of them have non-profit economic nature and specific legal regulation. In the article, significant attention is paid to the disclosure of these features, common features and differences of various subjects of the social economy.