European Science Research Articles

University-Industry Collaboration: Exploring Partnership Approach Models in EELISA Universities

Abstract This study delves into the dynamic landscape of university-industry collaboration, with a particular focus on the long-term impact of the Senior Learning Facilitator (SLF) role within the innovative framework of EELISA (European Engineering Learning Innovation and Science Alliance) universities. Our research objectives revolve around evaluating the influence of the SLF, extracting best practices emerging from their involvement, and conducting a comparative analysis. Employing a robust methodology that encompasses detailed case studies, this study uncovers valuable insights specific to the EELISA alliance. As our aim is to unravel how such ecosystems can consolidate and evolve, and how value is co-created within them, the paper’s conclusions carry significance for institutions, industry, and policymakers. This research, therefore, offers a blueprint for more sustainable and productive collaboration, underscoring the pivotal role of university- industry partnerships within EELISA universities in driving innovation, cultivating talent, fueling economic growth, and co-creating Industry 4.0 solutions.

207b - Exposure modelling in Europe: how to pave the road for the future as part of the European Exposure Science Strategy 2020–2030

207b - Exposure modelling in Europe: how to pave the road for the future as part of the European Exposure Science Strategy 2020–2030

207a - Elevating exposure science: fostering education, training, and communication in alignment with the European Exposure Science Strategy (2020−2030)

207a - Elevating exposure science: fostering education, training, and communication in alignment with the European Exposure Science Strategy (2020−2030)

We create the Universe: artists and scientists take on the Big Bang

Between October 2021 and January 2022 an ambitious combined art and science exhibition presented a unique object-rich cosmological story at the University Library of Leuven, Belgium, as part of the Kunst Leuven KNAL! City Festival 2021 (English: BANG! Big Bang City Festival). To the Edge of Time was a transdisciplinary[1] introduction for general audiences to one of the most famous and complex developments in science, the Big Bang theory. The exhibition presented artworks and science objects as equal partners that through curatorial placement and interpretation could fluidly convey key theoretical moments, materials, philosophical perspectives and ideas. The scientific story focused on how the groundbreaking work of the Belgian priest-astronomer Georges Lemaître bridged the insights of two of the twentieth century’s other leading European scientists, German physicist Albert Einstein and the British cosmologist Stephen Hawking. Objects from their lives and archives revealed their specific ideas and processes of thinking and discovery. Artworks from leading international artists brought new material, critical and conceptual dimensions and multisensory encounters. The exhibition was the result of a curatorial collaboration between the author, British contemporary art and transdisciplinary curator Hannah Redler-Hawes, and Belgian cosmologist and former collaborator of Stephen Hawking, Professor Thomas Hertog, of KU Leuven. As guest curators, they worked with Annelies Vogels, Exhibition Coordinator of the university and Wouter Daenen of KU Leuven Libraries, and others to form a closely collaborating curatorial team. To the Edge of Time was not only the first exhibition worldwide to explore Lemaître’s work through a transdisciplinary narrative, but also to place Stephen Hawking’s work in a broader historical context. In the trans- and interdisciplinary exhibition field, where new commissions and collaborations between living artists and scientists have been increasing, it was somewhat unusual for a cosmology exhibition in its reliance on material culture, concentration on historical art and science objects and its combining of these with presentations of recent contemporary art and advanced theoretical physics concepts. These combinations helped to convey parallel movements of thought where neither the art nor the science were presented as derivative to each other, a key curatorial ambition. This practice-based paper, offering Redler-Hawes’s personal reflections, discusses how the narrative evolved to define a shared language between the contributors. It considers, through a narrated walk-through of key object-artwork ‘constellations’, how the presentation generated new insights into different methods of enquiry, knowledge acquisition and making sense of our place in the cosmos, by bringing major themes in twentieth century science into dialogue with international artists working independently and in collaboration with science during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.[2] Note: Where images belong to the Science Museum Group this Journal shares them under a fully open access CC-BY licence (see our Open Access statement here https://journal.sciencemuseum.ac.uk/about-the-journal/). Where the image or work belong to a third party, this is indicated in the credit in the caption and full rights belong to the indicated party.

The relationship of legal science, education, and practice: finding a balance between fundamental legal education and practical skills

The article examines the concept of legal science, education and practice in the context of their interaction. It is noted that the main task of the domestic system of higher legal education is to find a balance between fundamental theoretical training and practical skills. Some types of legal practice require thorough knowledge in the field of both national and international law. Many universities focus on studying the legislation of other countries and foreign languages. In addition, modern political processes require revision of work programs of disciplines, for example, related to the activities of international organizations. For the future professional, we consider it important not only to consolidate theoretical knowledge and mechanical skills, but also to form legal thinking (develop analysis, argumentation, decision-making, responsibility). It is emphasized that the changes in the field of legal education are enshrined in the Report of the European Commission on Ukraine’s progress towards joining the EU, which was published in November 2023. Among other things, there are requirements: to clearly distinguish between legal education and personnel training for law enforcement agencies; strengthen law school admission requirements and law school licensing requirements; introduce a transparent distribution of state orders; review educational programs with an emphasis on ethics, practical training, EU law and international exchanges; implement EDKI. When modernizing legal education, it is also important to pay attention to the learning process, in particular, it is necessary to diversify the activities of students. In addition to traditional lectures, seminars and the previously mentioned practices, the experience of writing coursework and final qualification papers, participation in model processes is important for future lawyers, as this allows for the formation of a general and legal culture of writing and speech, a legal position in a case and the skills of conducting a discussion. It is concluded that new legal mechanisms are being formed in modern Ukraine, which is manifested, in particular, in active law-making, qualitative changes are taking place in legal awareness, including professional awareness. Under such conditions, professional legal education, which involves the formation of students’ practical skills, becomes invaluable. While preserving the training of professionals for a narrow field of legal activity, university education on the basis of domestic and European legal science should be developed at the same time. A university student will be able to become a good specialist only if he studies legal concepts, categories, constructions and ways of their expression in various legal realities. Such knowledge will not become obsolete in a few years, even if the current legislation changes.

New times in old forests: How the past matters in European forest science

This article tracks changing conceptions of time in European forest science over recent decades, and accounts for how they can affect forest conservation and management. Through semiotic analysis of 62 peer-reviewed articles published in ecology and forestry, we (1) characterize the temporal features of old European forests as they evolve over our study period (1997–2017), and (2) trace how new and changing temporalities in forest science have reconfigured what constitutes a problem for conservationists and managers. We describe in particular how two articulations of forest time and forest management—Forest Continuity and Forest Maturity—have evolved, identifying the emergence of two new temporalities in old forest science. Over the study period, changing conceptions of forest pasts have increasingly led to consider forests as complex and evolving ecosystems from which humans cannot be excluded.

Redesigning Humans in the Nano-Age

The blurring boundaries between therapy and human enhancement raise a lot of ethical questions that need to be addressed. Therapy is healing and restoring the sick to health; enhancement is improving the normal functioning of the body. With nanomedicine, the boundary becomes even hazier. Nanomedicine refers to the application of nanotechnology to the prevention and treatment of diseases. The European Science Foundation defines it as the science and technology of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and traumatic injury, relieving pain, and preserving and improving human health using molecular tools and knowledge of the human body (ESF, 2005). While nanomedicine delivers numerous and unprecedented benefits to the health and general well-being of individuals, nano- enabled human enhancement technologies will be the gateway to the transhumanist vision of immortality. Transhumanism contends that through the advancements in science and technology, we can overcome our physical and cognitive limitations, extend human lifespan, and attain perpetual existence. The blurring boundaries between enhancement will have remarkable consequences on what it means to be a human being. The study will make use of New and Emerging Science and Technology (NEST) Ethics as a framework for addressing dichotomous approaches and polarizing perspectives on human enhancement.

Post-COVID-19 assessment of the use of Open Educational Resources at five European Library and Information Science higher education institutions

This article presents an analysis of the impact of Open Educational Resources (OER) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as their potential use in the post-pandemic, in Library and Information Science (LIS) higher education institutions. The research explored how OER were used and created, what were the main barriers and drivers in practice and some main lessons learned that can help to improve the quality and increase the use of OER beyond times of crisis. The research was based on fieldwork carried out in the LIS departments of the universities of Barcelona (Spain), Hildesheim (Germany), Osijek and Zagreb (Croatia) and the University of Library Studies and Information Technologies in Sofia (Bulgaria). The methodology approach was qualitative and was based on interviews with faculty and focus groups with students. Results show that faculty members were still hesitant to adopt OER since they generally did not consider them. Moreover, those who did use them did so on their own initiative and as additional resources. We discuss the different speeds of OER implementation that have been observed depending on the faculty’s prior level of knowledge, and on whether their institutions and countries are prepared to support the use of OER. The promotion of post-pandemic OER involves greater capacity building, as well as collaboration and institutional support. Students’ attitudes about the usefulness of OER focus on their availability. The large number of teachers and students who participated in the study, as well as the international scope of the study, constitute a strength in the treatment of a topic such as the use of OER where the user perspectives and LIS context have been little addressed in the literature.

There, across the border – political scientists and their boundary-crossing work

Scholars may be diversely engaged in boundary-crossing work, either staying more confined in academic settings, or reaching out to the policy world. Despite growing theoretical attention, there is little empirical knowledge on the extent to which scholars indeed engage in boundary-crossing activities, and the conditions that foster or jeopardize this. We use original survey data from European political scientists to investigate how frequently they ‘travel’ to the policy world, what patterns of engagement are visible, and how these are determined. The article introduces a typology capturing different boundary-crossing profiles and shows that political scientists are rather frequent travelers across the border between academia and the policy world. Yet, individual characteristics matter. Having (had) a position outside of academia has an especially strong effect on the likelihood of boundary-crossing. Our results also reveal that not every scholar has the same chance to be involved, depending on gender or seniority.

AZƏRBAYCANIN BOLONYA PROSESİNƏ QOŞULMASI ZƏRURƏTİ

The Need for Azerbaijan to Join the Bologna Process Summary The Bologna process will push our universities to a pragmatic modernization of education, a comparative analysis of their curricula and programs with single-disciplinary European universities, and real benefits from the latest achievements of European science in the educational process. Academic mobility of professorial and pedagogical life will become a more effective form of advanced training for the teaching staff of our universities. Key words: internationalization of education, globalization of education, opportunities for globalization, global educational space, international cooperation

Contesting American hegemony: attacks to US scientific initiatives in Cold War Europe (and means to secretly defy these challenges)

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the French communist scientists’ attack, executed in 1953, on US initiatives for the promotion of science in Europe. Collated in the anonymous booklet Un plan U.S.A. de mainmise sur la science, these accusations caused a sensation in the already tense political climate of the early 1950s by alleging that American initiatives offered cover to intelligence operations, and a chokehold on the development of European science. While US government agencies never offered an official comment on these indictments, in great secrecy their officials sought to find out about the booklet’s authors, identify potential leaks of restricted information that might have informed its completion, and reorient science initiatives in Europe because of what the communist propaganda exposed. This essay thus argues that US efforts to reduce the impact that the publication had in France (and Western Europe more generally) played a role in shaping American hegemony, since finding ways to deflate the influence of dissenting voices in European science, at times stealthily, was as decisive as consensus building through the strengthening of transatlantic scientific relations.

Methods for fungiform papillae assessment: A collaborative study among European research units

Fungiform papillae (FP) are the anatomical structures dedicated to gustatory and somatosensory signal triggering. Whether the density of FP (FPD = FP/cm2) is associated with oral responsiveness is controversial, and the disparity in previous findings may be partially due to the diversity in methods used to quantify FP. The present study aims at mapping methods used to estimate FPD and at tentatively assessing the impact of the main procedure variables in FPD estimation. An on-line survey was specifically developed and launched among the European Sensory Science Society members to collect information on methods and procedure variables and to share datasets on FP counting. Seven European research centres responded to the survey. Manual counting was the most popular methodology, and a merged dataset of 1006 observations was obtained. The type of device used for tongue picture acquisition (low-resolution - LR vs high-resolution - HR) was the main procedure variable. FPD mean values were lower when assessed by LR (35.8) than with HR devices (41.5). Distribution of FPD for LR and HR datasets were similar thus comparisons among studies in which different resolution devices have been used are reliable. Picture modifications and data validation did not significantly affect FPD estimation obtained from HR devices, while both these variables significantly affected FPD values collected with LR devices. Both HR and LR procedures were able to capture the differences in FPD due to age and gender. Overall, measures from HR devices appear the best option to depict the inter-individual variability in FPD. Automated procedures appear underutilised.

Seeds of the Settler Colony: How Peasant and Kazakh Knowledge, Environment, and Bureaucracy Shaped Steppe Agronomy in the Late Russian Empire.

At the turn of the twentieth century, Russian imperial officials hoped to transform the Kazakh Steppe from a zone of pastoral nomadism into a zone of sedentary grain farms. They planned to accomplish this transformation by importing peasants from European Russia and settling them in the steppe along with advanced scientific agricultural practices, equipment, and infrastructure. It was a project that linked steppe settlement and the Russian Empire to a global story of settler colonialism, science, and technology in the first decades of the twentieth century. An examination of this project through the lens of the expansion of grain farming reveals that the changes it wrought were not solely due to European science and technology but were contingent, dependent on local knowledge, the vagaries of climate, and adaptation to the realities of the steppe environment.

Abolition of the Death Penalty Movement in the Russian Empire at the Beginning of the 20th Century: Political and Legal Aspects

Introduction. The article is devoted to the movement for the abolition of the death penalty, which unfolded in the Russian Empire during the First Russian Revolution. The movement was initiated by leading Russian legal scholars and manifested itself in a variety of forms: law press, collections of articles, lobbying the abolition law in the State Duma etc. At the same time, the movement was integrated into the general Western legal discourse, within the framework of which the issue of excluding the death penalty from the ladder of criminal penalties had been discussed for a long time. Theoretical Basis. Starting with the Italian philosopher Cesare Beccaria, many European and American scientists and public figures, such as Benjamin Rush, Jeremy Bentham, Louis Lepeletier argued from different sides for the need to abandon death penalty, which undoubtedly affected Russian lawyers which sought to give this theoretical argumentation a real legal form during the First Russian Revolution. Results. In this article, the authors for the first time made an attempt not only to characterize the main milestones in the history of the movement of Russian lawyers for the abolition of the death penalty, but also to integrate this movement into a certain narrative within the history of Western intellectual and legal thought. It is important to note that by the beginning of the 20th century, in most developed countries criminal codes still retained capital punishment, so the described movement was distinguished not only by a rich set of rhetorical arguments, but also by its very progressive nature. That is why the study of this issue is of great importance for the Russian law science.

АЛКАЛОИДТАРДЫ ТАЗАЛАУ ЖӘНЕ БӨЛІП АЛУ

Natural products and their derivatives have been used for medical purposes for many years. Plants are the main source of new medicinal compounds, since herbal medicines are widely used to maintain and improve human health. The main advantages of using herbal medicines are that they are relatively safe compared to synthetic alternatives, providing profound therapeutic benefits and accessibility. Over the past 30 years, the process of finding and developing medicines, especially natural products, has increasingly been carried out in template ways. According to the data, alkaloid plants began to be used since 2000 BC throughout Asia, Europe and Africa. In the nineteenth century, Friedrich Serturner isolated morphine. This led to the successful isolation and discovery of individual compounds by several European scientists, including the secretion of xanthine, strychnine, atropine, quinine and caffeine [1].Alkaloids were initially identified as alkaline substances secreted by a plant with biological activity. This definition has been repeatedly refined to define compounds that do not belong to the plant kingdom, and compounds that have a biosynthetic origin in common with alkaloids, but do not contain basic nitrogen.

Pediatrician Tactics In The Treatment Of Acute Gastroenteritis In Children

The high frequency of acute intestinal infections in children, most of which occur in young patients, determines the need to develop modern recommendations for their diagnosis and treatment. This article provides data on the etiology of intestinal infections, as well as the results of research by domestic and European scientists regarding the effectiveness of treatment of acute gastroenteritis, including information on the use of sorbents, probiotics, antiemetic and antibacterial drugs.

Bringing Europe's early career plant scientists back together: Meeting report on the 12th European Plant Science Retreat, 12-15 September 2023, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

Bringing Europe's early career plant scientists back together: Meeting report on the 12th European Plant Science Retreat, 12-15 September 2023, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

Praskovya Nikolayevna Tarnovskaya and her contribution to the Russian, European and global criminology: historical and criminological research

Objective: to describe and evaluate the contribution of Praskovya Nikolayevna Tarnovskaya to the Russian, European and world criminology based on the analysis of her works and expert opinions.Methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, grouping, modeling, interpretation) and special (historical-legal, content analysis of media publications) scientific methods, which are used in modern criminological science.Results: new literary sources were identified and introduced into the scientific turnover, i.e. Praskovya Nikolayevna Tarnovskaya’s works published in the late 19th – early 20th century in Russian and foreign languages and devoted to the issues of combating female criminality. The significant contribution of P. N. Tarnovskaya to the formation and development of the Russian, European and world criminological science was established.Scientific novelty: for the first time in criminological science, the content of a maximum number of literary sources by P. N. Tarnovskaya, one of the founders of the world criminology, published in Russian, French and Italian languages, was assessed. Based on the reviews, commentaries and other information published in scientific periodicals, the author monitored how P. N. Tarnovskaya’s contemporaries assessed her works. A proposal is made to develop a new branch of Russian criminology – historical criminology.Practical significance: the work can be used to prepare textbooks, manuals and other teaching materials on the course “Criminology” and to fill with new content the section “History of the Russian criminology”. It may also be useful for the theoretical development of a new scientific area of the world, European and Russian criminology – historical criminology.

Towards a Terminologia Anatomica Humana.

Unfortunately, the long-awaited revision of the official anatomical nomenclature, the Terminologia Anatomica 2 (TA2), which was issued in 2019 and after a referendum among the Member Societies officially approved by the General Assembly of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists in 2020, is built on a new version of the Regular Anatomical Terminology (RAT) rules. This breaks with many traditional views of terminology. These changes in the Terminologia Anatomica of 1998 (TA98) met great resistance within many European Anatomical Societies and their members are not willing to use terms following the RAT rules. European anatomy teachers and scientists using traditional Latin in their teaching, textbooks and atlases will keep using the TA98. The German Anatomical Society (Anatomische Gesellschaft) recently announced the usage of the TA2023AG in curricular anatomical media such as textbooks and atlases, based on the TA98 and the Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA). We are preparing a more extensive improvement of the TA98, called Terminologia Anatomica Humana (TAH). This project is fully based on the noncontroversial terms of TA98, incorporating the recent digital version (2022) of the TNA from 2017. Further, it is completed with many new terms, including those in TA2, along with their definitions and relevant references, clinical terms, and correcting inconsistencies in the TA98. The TAH is still in process, but many chapters are already freely available at the IFAA Website in Fribourg ( https://ifaa.unifr.ch ) as is the digital version of the TNA.

European genetic resources conservation in a rapidly changing world: three existential challenges for the crop, forest and animal domains in the 21st century

Even though genetic resources represent a fundamental reservoir of options to achieve sustainable development goals in a changing world, they are overlooked in the policy agenda and severely threatened. The conservation of genetic resources relies on complementary in situ and ex situ approaches appropriately designed for each type of organism. Environmental and socioeconomic changes raise new challenges and opportunities for sustainable use and conservation of genetic resources. Aiming at a more integrated and adaptive approach, European scientists and genetic resources managers with long experience in the agricultural crop, animal and forestry domains joined their expertise to address three critical challenges: (1) how to adapt genetic resources conservation strategies to climate change, (2) how to promote in situ conservation strategies and (3) how can genetic resources conservation contribute to and benefit from agroecological systems. We present here 31 evidence-based statements and 88 key recommendations elaborated around these questions for policymakers, conservation actors and the scientific community. We anticipate that stakeholders in other genetic resources domains and biodiversity conservation actors across the globe will have interest in these crosscutting and multi-actor recommendations, which support several biodiversity conservation policies and practices.