Ethylenediamine Research Articles

Novel Hybrid Silver-Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized by Modifications of the Sol-Gel Method and Their Theranostic Potential in Cancer.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional therapies lack selectivity and suffer from toxicity and drug resistance, leading to metastasis. To overcome these limitations, a new category of nanomaterials exploiting the tumor characteristics has been developed in cancer nanotherapeutics. Among them, pH, metabolism, and the disrupted architecture of cells can be exploited for theranostic applications. Such nanomaterials can be inorganic nanoparticles with silver ones and gain high attention as diagnostic, therapeutic, and antibacterial compounds. Silver has been linked with triggering the death of cancer cells via DNA damage due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photodynamic therapy. Thus, improvement of biocompatibility, modification with targeted agents, and drug conjugation promote the use of silver nanoparticles. In this work, we managed to synthesize hybrid Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles via a modified sol-gel method by tackling the known etching of silver caused by ammonia by employing different bases of the sol-gel reaction. The bases used in the synthetic route were diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA) and were monitored with silver nanoparticles individually from the absorbance peak of silver in the UV-vis region, showing no etching of silver in contrast with ammonia, which is usually used in the sol-gel method. Furthermore, we synthesized biocompatible nanoparticles with anticancer and diagnostic properties toward breast cancer cells and glioblastoma cells. The nanoparticles were characterized both structurally and morphologically. Their biological evaluation suggests minor toxicity toward healthy cells and red blood cells (RBCs). Also, the diagnostic potential of the hybrid nanoparticles was exploited by optical fluorescence microscopy. Therefore, we strongly suggest the investigation of such nanostructures as a dual platform for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPRIETIES OF LIPASE FROM NEWLY STREPTOMYCES SP. OLIVE POMACE ISOLATE

Screening of new producing strains is required to meet the constant industrial demand for useful enzymes. In this context, an actinobacteria was isolated from the olive pomace, tested for extracellular lipase production, and identified by partial 16S rDNA sequencing. Then, the physicochemical characteristics of the enzyme are determined. Strain is a member of Streptomyces genus. Lipase was partially purified at 62.5 times, with a yield of 14.83% and a specific activity of 337.5 U/mg. Optimum activity was achieved at pH 7.0 and 60°C; it was completely preserved at pH 6.0 to 9.0, and more than 70% at 40 to 70°C, after 1 hour. The metal ions: K+, Na+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ had no significant impact. Lipase activity was stable with ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), H2O2, Triton x100, and Tween 80. Moreover, it was enhanced in butanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, isobutyl acetate, hexane, petrol ether, and toluene. This enzyme can be suitable for various industrial applications.

Unlocking Some Si‐Centered Reactivity of a 4,4’‐Dichloro‐1,4‐di‐hydro‐1,4‐phosphasiline

AbstractTo establish some steric protection at the P center of a tricyclic 1,4‐dihydro‐1,4‐phosphasiline, the potassium salt of a tricyclic 1,4‐dihydro‐1,4‐phosphasilin‐1‐ide was treated with triphenylmethyl chloride. Subsequently, the two Si‐bound diethylamino groups, were converted to give the SiCl2 derivative using HCl. The Si‐functionality could be used in substitution reactions thus giving Si‐dimethyl and Si‐dimethoxy derivatives. Reduction of the SiCl2 derivative at low temperature gave transient tricyclic silylene which could not be detected by NMR spectroscopy but successfully trapped by 1,3‐butadiene to give a P‐containing spiro‐silolene derivative. DFT studies provide insight into reduction and the silylene formation.

Fast Gold Recovery from Aqueous Solutions and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activities of Novel Gold Composite

A novel porous gold polymer composite was prepared by the functionalization of a glycidyl methacrylate-based copolymer (pGME) with ethylene diamine (pGME-en), and activation by gold (pGME-en/Au), in a simple batch adsorption procedure in an acid solution, at room temperature. Detailed characterization of the pGME-en before and after activation was performed. The main focuses of this research were the design of a method that can enable the recovery of gold and the reuse of this multipurpose sorbent as an antimicrobial agent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis pointed out amine groups as the primary binding sites for Au activation, while hydroxyl groups also contributed to the chelation reaction. pGME-en exhibited fast gold adsorption with an adsorption half-time of 5 min and an equilibrium time of 30 min. The maximal adsorption capacity was about 187 mg/g. The analysis of sorption experimental data with a non-linear surface reaction and diffusion-based kinetic models revealed the pseudo-second-order and Avrami model as the best fit, with unambiguous control by liquid film and intra-particle diffusion. The biological activity studies against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans revealed moderate activity of pGME-en/Au against different bacterial and fungal species. pGME-en/Au was stable in a saline solution, with a release of approximately 2.3 mg/g after 24 h.

Application and Research Status of Long-Wavelength Fluorescent Carbon Dots.

This article discusses the application and research status of long-wavelength fluorescent carbon dots. Currently, there are two main methods for synthesising carbon dots (CDs), either from top to bottom, according to the bulk material, or from bottom to top, according to the small molecules. In previous research, mainly graphite and carbon fibres were used as raw materials with which to prepare CDs, using methods such as arc discharge, laser corrosion, and electrochemistry. These preparation methods have low quantum efficiencies and afford CDs that are limited to blue short-wavelength light emissions. With advancing research, the raw materials used for CD preparation have expanded from graphite to biomaterials, such as strawberry, lime juice, and silkworm chrysalis, and carbon-based molecules, such as citric acid, urea, and ethylenediamine (EDA). The preparation of CDs using carbon-based materials is more rapid and convenient because it involves the use of microwaves, ultrasonication, and hydrothermal techniques. Research on developing methods through which to prepare CDs has made great progress. The current research in this regard is focused on the synthesis of CDs, including long-wavelength fluorescent CDs, with a broader range of applications.

Mild and recyclable ethylenediamine pretreatment for bacterial cellulose fermentation and lignin valorization

In this study, a novel mild and recyclable ethylenediamine (EDA) pretreatment method was developed. This pretreatment process efficiently eliminated lignin and facilitated the recovery of pretreatment reagents. Under optimized conditions at 70 °C, more than half of lignin was removed from the corn stover (CS). Consequently, the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucose and xylose achieved yields of 82.1% and 50.4%, respectively. Notably, the recovered EDA was efficiently reused and maintained comparable pretreatment efficiency even after five rounds of recovery. The pretreated CS was effectively used for bacterial cellulose fermentation without requiring additional detoxification steps. Furthermore, the analysis of EDA lignin (EL) revealed the presence of numerous amino groups introduced into the lignin structure. Subsequently, EL was used in the polyurethane (PU) foam preparation. The results revealed that EL-based PU foam featured higher compressive strength, density, thermal stability, and adsorption capacity for dyes and heavy metal ions compared with alkali lignin-based PU foam.

Tailored ethylenediamine-functionalized graphene oxide membrane on kaolin hollow fibers for pectin concentration

Pectin is a valuable product that can be extracted from waste fruit peels. Here we propose the use of graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes for pectin concentration. The synthesized GO was functionalized with ethylenediamine (EDA) to molecularly design the GO framework. Kaolin hollow fibers with asymmetric pore distribution were used as a porous substrate for GO/EDA deposition. A GO/EDA layer with a thickness of 2.86 ± 0.24 μm was assembled on the substrate by the simple vacuum-assisted deposition method. After GO/EDA depositions, the water permeance of the pristine kaolin hollow fibers reduced from 8.46 ± 0.17 to 0.52 ± 0.03 L h−1·m−2·kPa−1. A pectin aqueous extract from orange peels was filtered at cross-flow mode through the prepared membranes and the steady-state fluxes through pristine and GO/EDA-coated hollow fibers were 56 ± 2 and 20 ± 3 L h−1 m−2, respectively. The GO/EDA-coated membrane presented greater pectin selectivity than the pristine hollow fiber. The GO/EDA-coated hollow fiber concentrated the galacturonic acid, phenolic, and methoxyl contents in 19.5, 17.4, and 29.2 %, respectively. Thus, filtration through the GO/EDA-based membrane is a suitable alternative for pectin concentration.

Post‐Synthetic Covalent Grafting of Amines to NH2‐MOF for Post‐Combustion Carbon Capture

AbstractHerein, a post‐synthetic modification strategy is used to covalently graft polyamines, including ethylenediamine (ED), diethylenetriamine (DETA), tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TAEA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to the amino‐ligand inside of a Cr‐MOF, NH2‐Cr‐BDC, for post‐combustion carbon capture applications. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ion chromatography (IC) reveal that ≈45% of the MOF ligands are grafted with polyamines. Next, assessment of CO2 uptake, CO2/N2 selectivity, isosteric heats of CO2 adsorption, separation performance during humid CO2/N2 (15/85) breakthrough experiments, and cyclability, reveals an enhanced performance for the polyamine‐containing composites and the following performance trend: NH2‐Cr‐BDC<ED<DETA<TAEA<PEI. The best‐performing materials, including the TAEA and PEI‐grafted MOFs, offer CO2 uptakes of 1.0 and 1.55 mmol g−1, respectively, at 0.15 bar and 313 K. Further, these composites also offer a high CO2 capacity after 200 temperature swing adsorption/desorption (TSA) cycles in simulated humid flue gas. Last, after soaking the composites in water, there is no loss of CO2 capacity; on the contrary, when the same MOF is impregnated with polyamines using traditional approaches, there is ≈85% CO2 capacity loss after soaking. Thus, this covalent grafting strategy successfully immobilizes amines in MOF pores preventing leaching and hence can be an effective strategy to extend the adsorbent lifetime.

Unleashing the dye adsorption potential of polyaminoimide homopolymer: DFT, statistical physics, site energy and pore size distribution analyses

The efficient removal of Congo Red (CR) dye from aqueous solutions is an important issue in environmental protection. This study presents the synthesis and optimization of a polyaminoimide homopolymer (PHP) adsorbent for the removal of CR dye. To optimize the synthesis of PHP, ten different compositions of maleic anhydride and ethylene diamine were tested, with PHP3 demonstrating the highest efficacy. The adsorption process was further enhanced by optimizing pH, temperature, adsorbent dose, and initial dye concentration. Isotherm and kinetic studies revealed that the Langmuir-Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics best described the adsorption process. Moreover, PHP3 demonstrated significantly greater selectivity for CR compared to Synozol yellow, and Sulfasalazine. Advanced statistical models were used to analyze the adsorption data, and the single-layer model with single energy (M1) being the most suitable, suggesting that CR molecules were adsorbed onto PHP3 in a perpendicular position through a multimolecular process, the adsorption process is physical, endothermic, spontaneous and specific surface area of PHP3 increased from 54.31 to 115.74 m2 g−1 as temperature rose from 288 to 318 K. Site energy distribution and pore size distribution studies showed that PHP3 has a heterogeneous energy distribution on its surface, and that the adsorption of CR dye primarily takes place in the macropores of PHP3. Density Functional Theory analysis indicated that PHP3 has electron-rich amine groups that can interact with electron-deficient sulfonate groups in CR, while electron-poor amide groups in the polymer can interact with the electron-rich azo group in Congo Red. It also shows that the presence of NaF, Na2SO4, and KCl salts did not significantly affect the CR adsorption, indicating the potential affinity/selectivity of PHP3 towards CR dye. The findings suggest that PHP3 could be an effective and promising adsorbent for industrial applications in wastewater treatment.

Redox property of coordinated iron ion enables activation of O2 via in-situ generated H2O2 and additionally added H2O2 in EDTA-chelated Fenton reaction

The Fenton system was a generation system of reactive oxygen species via the chain reactions, which employed H2O2 and O2 as radical precursors and Fe2+/Fe3+ as electron-donor/acceptor for triggering or terminating the generation of radicals. Recent work mainly emphasized the Fe2+- activated H2O2 and the application of in-situ generated •OH, while neglecting other side-reactions. In this work, EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) was employed as a chelating agent of iron ions, which simultaneously changed the redox property of coordinated iron. The Fe2+-EDTA complexes in the presence of dissolved oxygen enabled the two-electron transfer from Fe2+ to O2 and the in-situ production of H2O2, which further activate H2O2 for yielding •OH. Meanwhile, coordinated Fe3+ exhibited non-negligible reactivity toward H2O2, which was higher than that of free Fe3+ in the traditional Fenton system. The complexation of EDTA with Fe3+ could enhance the Fe2+ generation reaction by the H2O2, accompanied by the O2•− formation. The enhancement of O2•− formation and Fe2+-EDTA regeneration induced the subsequent H2O2 activation by Fe2+-EDTA, thus accelerating the Fe3+-EDTA/Fe2+-EDTA cycle for simultaneously producing O2•− and •OH. To sum up, the EDTA-chelated Fenton system extended the applicable pH range to circumneutral/alkaline level and tuned the redox property of coordinated iron for diversifying the •OH production routes. The research reinterpreted the chain reactions in the Fenton system, revealing another way to enhance the radical production or other property of the Fenton/Fenton-like system.

Strong improvement of permeability and rejection performance of graphene oxide membrane by engineered interlayer spacing

Advanced membranes fabricated from multilayer/laminated graphene oxide (GO) are promising in water treatment applications as they provide very high flux and excellent rejection of various water pollutants. However, these membranes have limited viability, and suffer from instabilities and swelling due to the hydrophilic nature of GO. In this work, the permeability and rejection performance of laminated GO membranes were improved via functionalization with ethylenediamine (EDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The membranes are fabricated via the pressure-assembly stacking technique, and their structure is well characterized. The performance, rejection, and stability of the fabricated functionalized GO membranes were evaluated. Pillaring the GO layers using diamine and polyamine resulted in exceptionally high water permeability of 113 L/m2h (LMH) compared to only 28 LMH for the pristine GO membrane while simultaneously satisfying high rejection of multivalent salts of 79.4, 35.4, and 19.6 % for Na2SO4, MgCl2, and NaCl, respectively. The results obtained indicate that proper functionalization of GO provides a roadmap for the potential commercialization of such advanced membranes in water treatment applications.

Graphene oxide composited with different size of organic molecules for hydrogen isotopic water separation in membrane distillation

Developing an efficient light water/tritiated water (H2O/HTO) separation process to meet environmental regulations is important in the nuclear energy field. The membrane distillation processes for the separation of H2O/D2O (deuteriated water), which is usually served as the laboratory model process for H2O/HTO separation, showed good separation performance with graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes. Here, the approach to enhance the H2O/D2O separation performance was explored through regulating interlayer spacing and physicochemical properties of membranes, for which two types of GO membranes were prepared and applied in air-gap membrane distillation: (i) small molecules of urea (UR) or ethanediamine (EDA) were cross-linked with GO platelets to obtain GO-framework (GOF) membranes designated as GO-UR or GO-EDA with varied interlayer spacing. The GO-EDA membrane with a permeation flux of 0.95 L·m−2·h−1 gave higher separation performance than the pristine GO membrane; (ii) macromolecules of hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or hydrophobic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were intercalated into GO laminates to adjust interlayer spacing and physicochemical properties of membranes. The resultant GO-PVA membrane exhibited a higher permeation flux of 0.94 L·m−2·h−1 and similar separation factor compared with the pristine GO membrane. Moreover, long-term process stability of H2O/D2O separation in membrane distillation was demonstrated using GO-EDA membrane for a 28-h process. Therefore, the results demonstrated that regulating interlayer spacing and physicochemical properties of membranes can provide a facile route to improve performance of GO-based membrane distillation processes for the separation of H2O/D2O, which may be applied to H2O/HTO separation process needed for the treatment of tritiated water in the nuclear energy field.

Carbon Dots–TiO2 Nanocomposites for the Enhanced Visible‐Light Driven Photodegradation of Methylene Blue

AbstractHerein, the conjugation of carbon dots (CDs) with TiO2 nanoparticles is reported to prepare a photocatalytic nanocomposite for an enhanced visible‐light‐driven photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). CDs are prepared from citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) via hydrothermal treatment. Using MB as a model pollutant, it is observed that, under visible‐light irradiation, the nanocomposite presents an increment of the catalytic performance of 367% when compared to bare TiO2. This is achieved because the addition of CDs leads to increased visible‐light absorption and hinders the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Thus, CDs are capable of bridging some of the limitations posed by TiO2. Tests using reactive species scavengers indicate that the main active species involved in the photodegradation by the nanocomposites are superoxide radicals followed by hydroxyl radicals, which differs from bare TiO2. Lastly, a life cycle assessment (LCA) study shows that, when accounting for performance, the nanocomposites have lower relative environmental impacts than bare TiO2. In addition, the safety of the produced CDs is shown by in vitro assays. In summary, due to conjugation with CDs, a relevant increment in the catalytic performance of TiO2 is achieved; providing an important step toward the sustainable rational design of active visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts.

Hybrid crosslinking for in-situ encapsulation of three-dimensional porous SiOx@rGO as high-performance anodes in lithium-ion batteries

Silicon suboxide (SiOx) anodes have garnered significant attention from both academia and industry due to their superior theoretical capacity compared to graphite, as well as their improved capacity retention in comparison to pure silicon. Nevertheless, SiOx electrodes still confront the challenge of substantial volume expansion (>160 %) during the alloying process, resulting in electrode structural damage or even fragmentation and severely impacting cycling performance. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) conductive network was constructed by ethylenediamine (EDA) cross-linking reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which was encapsulated on the surface of SiOx spheres generated in situ via a magnesium thermal reduction reaction. Accordingly, the SiOx@rGO-EDA anode was prepared successfully with high reversible capacity (892 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g−1) and fascinating rate performance (447 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1). In full cell, the SiOx@rGO-EDA anode also exhibits outstanding cycling stability (154 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1C) and rate capability. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images captured from a top-view perspective indicate that the surface of SiOx@rGO-EDA electrode is smooth and dense without any noticeable cracks, and it maintains its structural integrity throughout the cycling process. The cross-sectional thickness of the electrode remains essentially the same. These results illustrate the superior structural stability of the EDA cross-linked graphene conductive network cladding structure, enabling it to adapt to dynamic changes and ensure efficient transport of lithium ions and electrons. The facile and versatile synthesis method of SiOx@rGO-EDA structures by incorporating cross-linking agents provides inspiration for the design of next-generation high-performance anodes.

Novel Mitochondria-Targeted Amphiphilic Aminophosphonium Salts and Lipids Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Antitumor Activity and Toxicity.

The creation of mitochondria-targeted vector systems is a new tool for the treatment of socially significant diseases. Phosphonium groups provide targeted delivery of drugs through biological barriers to organelles. For this purpose, a new class of alkyl(diethylAmino)(Phenyl) Phosphonium halides (APPs) containing one, two, or three diethylamino groups was obtained by the reaction of alkyl iodides (bromides) with (diethylamino)(phenyl)phosphines under mild conditions (20 °C) and high yields (93-98%). The structure of APP was established by NMR and XRD. A high in vitro cytotoxicity of APPs against M-HeLa, HuTu 80, PC3, DU-145, PANC-1, and MCF-7 lines was found. The selectivity index is in the range of 0.06-4.0 μM (SI 17-277) for the most active APPs. The effect of APPs on cancer cells is characterized by hyperproduction of ROS and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. APPs induce apoptosis, proceeding along the mitochondrial pathway. Incorporation of APPs into lipid systems (liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles) improves cytotoxicity toward tumor cells and decrease toxicity against normal cell lines. The IC50s of lipid systems are lower than for the reference drug DOX, with a high SI (30-56) toward MCF-7 and DU-145. APPs exhibit high selective activity against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus 209P and B. segeus 8035, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA-1, MRSA-2), comparable to the activity of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic norfloxacin. A moderate in vivo toxicity in CD-1 mice was established for the lead APP.

Novel sulfur-containing 2,6-diamino pyridine-based polymer as an additive in polyethersulfone: An effective membrane for removal of mercury (II) ion and dye pollutants

In an easy and effective reaction, a new dithiocarbamate copolymer was synthesized using N,N′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(2-chloroacetamide), carbon disulfide, and diethyl amine and characterized. To use this sulfur-containing polymer in the modification of membrane for the improving heavy metal removal, it was blended as an additive in ratios of 1, 2, 5, and 10 (wt%) in the matrix of polyethersulfone (PES). The membranes were made by casting method and nonsolvent immersion precipitation in water. The obtained membranes were characterized by the water contact angle, ATR-FTIR, SEM, porosity and AFM. It was seen that this additive increases the thickness of the surface layer, and pores beneath the layer, and also goes up the hydrophilic properties of the PES membrane. These membranes had excellent membrane functions in terms of PWF up to 472 L/m2h at 3 bar. Also, it was seen they can remove mercury pollution in the water up to 99.8% (the second water pollutant in the world) and reactive yellow 160 synthetic dyes up to 90.6% (RY160; which are mostly used in textile industries).

Comparison of Hematological Levels of Simmental-Ongole Crossbreed (SimPO) and Ongole Crossbreed (PO) Cattle Reared Semi-Intensively

Hematological analysis in cattle is an important basis for determining physiological conditions, biomedical study, and veterinary clinical diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the comparison of hematological values between Simmental-Ongole crossbreed (SimPO) and Ongole crossbreed (PO) cattle reared semi-intensively in oil palm plantations area. A total of 70 blood samples were collected from 35 female SimPO and 35 female PO cattle aged ± 3,5 years who reared from the same area. Blood samples were collected via the coccygeal vein as much as 3 ml, performed at 07.00 in the morning before being grazed on oil palm plantations. Blood samples were collected using a vacutainer tube containing Ethylene Diamine Tetra-Acetic Acid (EDTA) for further analysis using a hematology analyzer. Data from hematological examination results were then analyzed using an independent sample t-test with a significance level of p < 0,05. In results, reported that there were no significant differences in several hematological parameters that have been analyzed. We can conclude that there was no substantial hematological level in the SimPO and PO cattle reared semi-intensively on oil palm plantations.

Ecofriendly superhydrophobic fabrics for ultra-fast oil/water separation by self-assembly

The growing interest in superhydrophobic materials for oil/water separation has become evident. Concurrently, there exists a pressing requirement for superhydrophobic materials capable of achieving ultra-fast oil/water separation with an environmentally friendly, low-cost, and facile preparation strategy. Herein, an ecofriendly superhydrophobic fabric is prepared through a process involving self-assembly between iron ions and 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC), followed by hydrophobic modification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In this process, gallic acid (GA) undergoes self-polymerization and reacts with ethylenediamine (ED) by the Schiff base reaction to form polymers, which act as metal active sites before the self-assembly between iron ions and H3BTC takes place. The obtained superhydrophobic fabric with self-cleaning function features ultra-fast oil/water separation performance, with a flux of 32,527.18 ± 243.22 L m−2 h−1 and a separation efficiency of 99.87 ± 0.02 %. Moreover, the superhydrophobic fabric has good recyclability. Even after 30 times of oil/water separation, it still has ultra-fast separation rate and superhigh separation efficiency, with a flux of 20,678.17 ± 137.58 L m−2 h−1 and 99.47 ± 0.16 % separation efficiency. In addition, the superhydrophobic fabric maintains outstanding superhydrophobicity after treatment in the chemical or physical environment.

Taming Active‐Ion Crosstalk by Targeted Ion Sifter Toward High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs), based on high‐voltage (HV) LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM, x+y+z = 1) materials, exhibit great potential for next‐generation electric vehicle (EV) cells. Nevertheless, the inevitable dissolution and shuttle of transition metal (TM) ions from NCM cathodes poses a threat to the electrochemical sustainability of LMBs, especially at high voltage and high temperatures. Herein, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)‐grafted MOF‐808 is proposed to serve as a multifunctional ion‐selective separator coating, in which EDTA molecules play a targeted ion sifter role in restricting active‐ion crosstalk. Judicious characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the separator coating effectively captures the TM‐ions in the electrolyte and thus ensures stable Li deposition without dendrites. As a result, the 4.5 V NCM622//Li cell with the ion‐selective separator achieves a high‐capacity retention over 1000 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.68%, and its cycling stability at 55 °C is also upgraded. This crosstalk‐taming strategy offers fresh insight into constructing long‐life HV‐LMBs.

Kinetic study of C1 criegee intermediate with diethylamine and ethylamine and their atmospheric implications

This paper investigates the pressure and temperature-dependent kinetics of CH2OO reacting with diethylamine (DEA) and ethylamine (EA) using the OH laser-induced fluorescence method. Pressure independence was observed within the range of 5.4–75 Torr. The rate coefficients for these reactions at 298 K are (2.49 ± 0.39) × 10−11 and (8.14 ± 1.25) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The activation energies, determined from experiments conducted between 283 and 328 K, are (−2.01 ± 0.08) and (−1.35 ± 0.02) kcal mol−1. These reactions may contribute to the degradation of DEA and EA under specific environmental conditions.