Ethylenediamine Research Articles

Preparation of carbon-based active nanofluids with temperature and salt resistance for enhanced oil recovery

The abundant hydrophilic surface groups endow carbon-based nanoparticles (CDs) with intrinsic great dispersibility, however, the strong hydrophilicity limits the oil–water interface activity, restraining the performance in enhanced oil recovery. Developing CDs with simultaneously ultra-small sizes, high temperature and salt tolerance, as well as superior interfacial activity is of great significance. In this work, CDs with the size of 3.3 nm and excellent temperature and salt resistance were prepared by hydrothermal reaction, using citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) as precursors. Carboxyl ether carboxylate-6Na (APEC-6Na) was selected as the compound agent to construct carbon-based active nanofluids (CANs) with excellent oil–water and oil-solid interfacial activities. CANs can reduce the oil–water interfacial tension to 8.9 × 10-4 mN m−1, withstand a temperature up to 90°C and a salinity up to 6.3 × 104 mg·L-1. Even at the highest tolerant salinity, the underwater oil contact angle of 155° can be achieved, demonstrating excellent wettability control capability, which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the compound CANs system. The increase of the contact angle of underwater oil droplets facilitates the coalescence of oil film on the lipophilic surface to form oil droplets. The electrostatic repulsion generated by the adsorption of CDs and APEC-6Na at the oil–water interface and rock surface makes the coalesced oil droplets more easily detached from the rock surface, and the oil film reduction rate exceeds 97.7 % within 24 h. The excellent oil–water and oil-solid interface properties and the structural separation pressure endows CANs with remarkable performance in core displacement experiments. Compared with simulated formation water, CANs can improve the recovery rate by 26.3 %, exhibiting important application value for improving the recovery rate of ultra-low permeability reservoirs.

Synthesis of Graphene Aerogel for Adsorptive Removal of Tetracycline from Water: Impact of Operating Parameters

Graphene aerogel (GA) was synthesized by chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using ethylene diamine as a reducing agent, which was then followed by a freeze-drying process. The morphology and surface properties of GA, GO samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). GA was then used to study the adsorption process of tetracycline (TC) in aqueous solutions. Different parameters influencing the adsorption efficiency of GA such as pH, adsorbent load, initial concentration of TC, contact time were investigated. The results showed that when GO was transformed to GA, the XRD characteristic peak at about 10.8˚ was shifted to broad peaks at 26˚ and 43˚, implying that the crystalline structure of GO was converted to GA which contained a large percent of amorphous structure and a smaller crystalline structure formed by stacking layers of graphene. The C/O ratio in GA sample was significantly increased compared to GO samples (6.5/1 compared to 1.38/1), suggesting that oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, -C=O, -O-…) in GO were drastically reduced. The optimal conditions for the adsorption of TC were 10 mg L-1 TC solution, pH 7.0 at 75 min, 0.1 g L-1 of adsorbent, and at 30 °C. The adsorption process was better described by Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.9938) compared to Freundlich one (R2=0.1302). The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of GA calculated by the Langmuir model was 107.5 mg g-1, significantly higher than other common adsorbents. GA presented a stable and promising adsorbent for TC removal in water.

Demetallation and reduction induced ultra-dispersed PtZn alloy confined in zeolite for propane dehydrogenation

Developing efficient bimetallic Pt-based catalyst is highly desired for propane dehydrogenation (PDH) process. Typical co-impregnation method often results in inhomogeneous distributions of metal species on supports. Herein, we reported a facile method to support PtZn bimetal alloy nanoparticles onto Beta zeolite, mainly existing as highly dispersed Pt1Zn1 alloy species. Zn@Beta was first synthesized by hydrothermal method with the aid of ethylenediamine (EDA), leading to the introduction of Zn atoms into zeolite lattice. An impregnation process was subsequently employed to support Pt species. During this process, skeleton Zn atoms migrated out of the framework and were then reduced together with Pt in flowing H2, leading to the formation of PtZn alloy with mainly Pt1Zn1 structures. Cs-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission election microscope and X-ray absorption fine structure analyses revealed that this method was more conducive to the formation of PtZn alloy compared with the co-impregnation method. The obtained catalyst of 0.3Pt1Zn@Beta exhibited initial propane conversion of 36.8% and propylene selectivity of 99.3% combined with low deactivation rate (0.004 h–1) over 24 h with propane WHSV of 4.7 h–1 at 550 °C. The catalyst also exhibited good PDH performance in a long-term reaction (180 h) and robustness during regeneration reactions by simply flushing hydrogen.

Pattern of Lead Accumulation in Two Vegetable Plants Due to EDTA Treatment

Phytoextraction and phytostabilization are the most consistent patterns or mechanisms of action of phytoremediation. One of the elements influencing the mechanism of action of heavy metal absorption by plant species is Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pattern of phytoremediation in water spinach and spinach due to the addition of EDTA in the soil. The treatments tested by factor 1 were water spinach (T1) and spinach (T2), and factor 2 was the concentration of EDTA consisting of 3 levels, 0, 3, and 6 g/polybag. Each treatment was repeated three times on five sample plants. Furthermore, growth evaluation was carried out in the first six days after planting and conducted every 3 days. It was carried out on variables such as changes in plant height, leaves area, total root length, Pb content in the soil, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, shoot, seeds, and Translocation Factor (TF). The results showed that water spinach and spinach had different mechanisms of action due to the application of EDTA in Pb-contaminated media. Furthermore, water spinach and spinach have a mechanism of phytoextraction and phytostabilization, respectively. Therefore, spinach is safer than water spinach when grown in Pb-polluted land.

Studying Local Electrostatics by Terahertz Spectroscopy Using Amines as a Probe.

In a previous study[1] we could show that a large amplitude mode of the zwitterion glycine can serve as a sensitive probe for protonation and allows to deduce local pKa values. Here we show that the underlying concept is more general: We present the results of a pH dependent measurement of Terahertz-FTIR (THz-FTIR) spectra of solvated amines, i. e. Diethylamine (DEA), Triethylamine (TEA), and Diisopropylamine (DiPA). We show that amines serve as a sensitive, label free probe for local protonation. Protonation of the amines yield intensity changes which can be quantified by precise THz spectroscopy (30 cm-1 -450 cm-1 ). A detailed analysis allows us to correlate the titration spectra of solvated amines in the THz range with pKa values. This demonstrates the potential of THz spectroscopy to probe the charge state of biomolecules in water in a label free manner.

Adsorption of Diclofenac from Aqueous Solution by Amine-Functionalized Poly (Acrylonitrile-Co-Acrylic Acid) Microparticles Adsorbent

In this study, the synthesis of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (poly(ACN-co-AAc)) was carried out via redox polymerization, using sodium bisulphate (SBS) and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators. Subsequently, the resulting poly(ACN-co-AAc) was functionalized with ethanolamine (ETA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) to utilize as adsorbents for the removal of diclofenac from an aqueous solution. Both unfunctionalized and functionalized poly(ACN-co-AAc) were characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The effects of pH, initial concentration of diclofenac solution, contact time, and adsorbent dosage were investigated during the adsorption process. The isotherm data were best fitted by the Langmuir model, indicating a mono-layered adsorption mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir equation were higher for ETA-functionalized poly(ACN-co-AAc) at 120.5 mg/g, as compared to EDA-functionalized poly(ACN-co-AAc) at 80.6 mg/g. The experimental kinetic results showed that the pseudo-second-order model was a good fit for describing the adsorption rate of diclofenac for both ETA-functionalized poly(ACN-co-AAc) and EDA-functionalized poly(ACN-co-AAc), with R2 values of 0.9930 and 0.9906, respectively. This suggests that the chemisorption process is more favourable for the adsorption of diclofenac when using both types of adsorbents.

Analysis of the Absorption Capacity of Zeolite Against NI(II) and Zn(II) Metal Ions

This research aims to determine the synthesis process of zeolite X from rice husk waste using the addition of optimum materials and to apply the synthesized zeolite X as an adsorbent for Ni(II) and Zn(II) metal ions with variations in concentration and pH. The tools used include: three-neck flask, furnace, electric oven, analytical balance, beaker, stopwatch, centrifuge, pH meter, sieve, porcelain, glass beaker, dropper pipette, volume pipette, test tube, stir bar, filter paper, magnetic stirrer. The materials used include: Rice husks, Aluminum Foil waste, Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH(s)) p.a, Sodium Ethylene diamine tetra acetate (Na2EDTA(s))p.a, Aquades (H2O), Nitric acid (HNO3)p. a, Nickel (II) chloride (NiCl2), Zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2, and Sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4). FT-IR characterization results showed the formation of vibrations at 607.35 cm-1, indicating the formation of zeolite. XRD characterization results showed a purity level of 87.5%, which is sufficient to bind metal impurity ions. The research results indicate that the synthetic zeolite X from rice husk waste, when tested using AAS analysis, exhibits adsorption capacity for Ni(II) and Zn(II) under optimum conditions at a concentration of 150 ppm and pH 7.

TRAITEMENT DU PHOSPHATE NATUREL DE LA TAPOA (NIGER) PAR DES ACIDESMINERAUX ET ORGANIQUES

This study propose away for the development of hardly soluble natural phosphate. Thusitwascarried out, the dissolution of natural phosphate from Tapoa (Niger) in solutions of mineralacids (nitricacid and sulfuricacid) and in solutions of organicacids (citricacid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic EDTA) in function of pH and attack time. The resultsobtainedshowedthat the maximum rate of dissolvedphosphorus as a percentage of phosphoric anhydride (P2O5) is 14.08% and 15.99% respectively in solutions of nitricacid and sulfuricacid at the concentration of after 7 hours of attack. In organicacid solutions, the dissolution rate is 4.67% and 5.17% respectively in citricacid and EDTA solutions at the same concentration. In addition, the dissolution rate decreaseswhen the acid concentration decreaseswhileit tends to increasewith the attack duration regardless of the acid solution used (mineral or organic). Also, this dissolution rate isalmostzero in solutions of organicacidswhen the concentrationis.

Phytoremediation efficacy of Nerium oleander L. for removal of Cd, Ni, and Pb- contaminated soil

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Nerium oleander L. in phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)- contaminated soil. This evaluation included the application of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and a nutrient solution containing NPK. The results revealed that the inclusion of EDTA and NPK, in combination with varying metal concentrations, significantly increased the dry weight of the plants. The results demonstrated that oleander, when aided by EDTA and NPK, exhibited a high capacity to efficiently absorb and accumulate Pb without any amendments. The addition of EDTA increased Pb concentrations in both aerial parts and roots (84.9 mg kg-1 and 80.2 mg kg-1, respectively). For Nickel, in the presence of NPK, the concentration in roots was 80,2 mg kg-1. Cd accumulation was highest in the treatment with 100 mg kg-1 EDTA, reaching 72.9 mg kg-1 in the aerial parts. Particularly, NPK reduced Ni levels in aerial parts, while EDTA enhanced root metal uptake. The Translocation Factor (TF) was greater than 1 for Cd and Ni treatments, indicating oleander's remarkable ability to absorb and accumulate these heavy elements. The treatment involving Pb50+EDTA displayed the highest Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) value at 1.7. Furthermore, for Pb50, Ni50 and Cd50, the NPK treatment exhibited the highest Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) values, ranging from 0.3 to 1.69. Nerium oleander L. exhibits promise for both Ni phytoextraction and Cd and Pb phytostabilization, suggesting its potential as an effective phytoremediation agent. Future research should focus on optimizing metal uptake conditions and investigating long-term plant health and soil impacts to refine sustainable strategies for mitigating metal pollution in contaminated environments.

Tetradentate azo Schiff base Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes: Synthesis, spectral properties, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and docking studies

A new complexes of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) have been synthesized from the reaction of Azo-Schiff base ligand (L1) that was prepared by the condensation firstly of salicylaldehyde with ethylene diamine in a 1:2 molar ratio and the prepared imine compound (S1) reacted with 2,5-dichloro aniline, and were employed in the preparation of complexes containing the metal ions Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II). The structural characteristics of the synthesized compounds were investigated using UV-Vis, IR and NMR, molar conductance, elemental analysis, and mass spectroscopy. The results of the elemental analysis point to a 1:1 [M:L] stoichiometry. According to molar conductance studies, none of the prepared end products are electrolytic in nature. The complexes of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) may have square planer geometry, according to spectral investigations. Then Pd(II), Ni(II), and Pt(II) complexes were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against different types strains of Gram-negative [Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)] and positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)] and showed good significant against these bacteria. The cytotoxic effect of the palladium complex on the prostatic malignant cell was examined via the PC3 cell line studied against normal cell WRL-68. The molecular docking of target microorganisms of these complexes will be studied by using MOE software.
 KEY WORDS: Salen ligand, Nickel(II), Palladium(II), Platinum(II), Complexes, bis azo-Schiff base
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 99-111. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.8

СOMPLEXES OF Nd(III) AND 3d-METALS BASED ON ETHYLENEDIAMINEDISUCCINIC ACID AS POTENTIAL ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS

Neodymium heterometallic complexes [(NdМIIEDDS)(H2O)6]∙n2H2O (МII=Zn, Co; n = 3; 2) were synthesized by the «block» synthesis method using protonated ethylenediaminedisuccinate of the 3-d metal and NdIII nitrate. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods (UV-VIS electronic absorption spectroscopy and FT-IR) and elemental ana­lysis. It is shown that the f-d-complexes belong to the «folded» type complexes, in which the ligand-EDDS realizes the maximum dentateness to NdIII, and the coordination sphere of the 3-d cation is formed by chain carboxyl groups of EDDS and intraspherical water molecules. At the same time, the cations of 3d metals are in a distorted octahedral environment, and the coordination polyhedron of the neodymium ion corresponds to a square antiprism (C4v) with the coordination number NdIII = 8. In solutions and in the solid state, the complexes have the same type of structure. The sensitivity of various morphological forms of Candida albicans in Spider and Saburo media to neodymium complexes NdIII with ethylene diamine disuccinate: NdEDDS (I), NdEDDSZn (II) NdEDDSСo (III) in the range of concentrations of the studied compounds 1; 10 and 100 μM was studied. It is shown that the antifungal properties of the complexes vary in the range NdEDDSСo> NdEDDSZn ≥ NdEDDS. The inhibition index of C. albicans in the composition of the biofilm in the Saburo medium under the action of the complexes was 20–25% of the control value, and in the Spider medium the complexes led to 95% of cell death.

Actions Of Fresh Red Palm And Cow Fat Blend Oil On The Hemogram Status Of Treated Wistar Rats

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that blend oil could be more beneficial to health than the individual use of the oils. The red palm and cow fat oil are local dietary cooking oils commonly consumed as blend oil in Nigeria. Aim and Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of the consumption of fresh red palm and cow fat blend oil on the hematological profile of treated wistar rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 rats weighing 150-250g were randomly divided into groups of 15 rats each. Group A served as normal control and were fed with pelleted growers feed. Group B were fed with pelleted feed mixed with 2ml/kg b.wt of red palm oil by oral gavage. Group C were fed with pelleted growers feed mixed with 2ml/kg b.wt of cow fat oil while Group D were fed with pelleted growers feed mixed with 2ml/kg b.wt of a blend of red palm oil and cow fat oil (1:1) by oral gavage. Animals were sacrificed after 28 days by euthanasia using chloroform. Three (3mls) of blood were collected by cardiac puncture into ethylene diamine tetra cetic acid container for the estimation of the hematological profile using automated cell counter (Coulter Electronics, Luton, Bedfordshire, UK). Data was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance in the statistical package for social science version 22(IBM Incorporated, Armok, NY). Results were presented as mean + standard deviation from the mean with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: There was a significant decrease in the white blood cell count (p = 0.001) of the rats treated with cow fat oil and those treated with a blend of red palm oil and cow fat oil compared to the normal rats and those treated with red palm oil. Similar result was recorded for the red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume (p=0.024, 0.033 and 0.019 respectively) for the rats treated with cow fat oil compared to those treated with red palm oil or a blend of red palm oil and cow fat oil as well as the normal rats. Conclusion: The consumption of cow fat oil may have a deleterious effect on the hematological profile of treated rats. This study therefore recommends the consumption of red palm oil instead of the blend of cow fat oil and red palm oil or cow fat oil alone which is a common practice in our daily diets.

Surface functionalization of magnetite nanoparticles for remediation enhancement of phenol from aqueous solutions

Phenol is a toxic pollutant generated by industries. It can diminish the supply of clean water and is hazardous to human health. Hence, an effective abatement method is important to remove phenol from water sources. The following amine-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles, ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), and polyethylenehexamine (PEHA), were used to study the adsorption performances of phenol from the prepared samples. The morphological study revealed long rod shapes with rough and sharp edges, while the elemental analysis presented the addition of two elements, C and N atoms. In addition, the TETA@MNP possessed weaker magnetism compared to MNPs, showing that the surface functionalization of MNPs was successful. TETA@MNP showed the highest percentage for phenol removal compared to others. The TETA@MNP achieved a removal efficiency of 99.2% at optimum conditions of 60 mg dosage, contact time of 25 min, and pH of 7. TETA@MNP obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model, with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9765 and 0.9682, respectively. The reusability study has demonstrated that TETA@MNP can be reused approximately 6 times with extremely minor loss. Therefore, TETA@MNP is a good adsorbent for the adsorption of phenol from prepared sample solutions.

Selective H2 Evolution and CO2 Absorption in Electrolysis of Ethanolamine Aqueous Solutions

Selective H2 evolution and CO2 absorption in several ethanolamine aqueous solutions are comparatively investigated using a new electrolysis reactor. H2 bubbles are generated from a cathode in any ethanolamine electrolyte, and its experimental gas evolution rates are correlated by Faraday’s first rule. No or smaller amounts of CO2 and N2 bubbles than stoichiometric ones are generated on an anode through the reaction between hydroxide ions and ethanolamine ones. No CO or O2 is observed in the system exhaust, and most of the CO2, along with N2, is still absorbed in ethanolamine aqueous solutions with the addition of KOH and/or HCOOH under high pH conditions. Variations of the concentrations of coexisting ions dissolved in the electrolytes of mono- or tri-ethanolamine (MEA or TEA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) solutions with CO2 absorption are calculated using the equilibrium constants to relate the concentrations of solute ions. Electric resistivities of the ethanolamine aqueous solutions are correlated by the pH value and are analyzed in terms of equilibrium constants among the concentrations of coexisting ions. Conditions of the MEA electrolyte to achieve high-performance electrolysis is discussed for selective H2 generation.

Process design and optimization of EDTA-biojarosite – a treatment approach in the Box–Behnken framework

Abstract A study was conducted to investigate the performance of biojarosite as a catalyst in Fenton oxidation with and without the presence of the chelating agent ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). The addition of EDTA resulted in increased iron dissolution, confirming the role of EDTA as a chelating agent. The heterogeneous catalytic properties of jarosite were confirmed by the removal efficiencies of 93.5 and 83.4%, with and without EDTA, respectively. The Box–Behnken method was employed as a Design of Experiments tool to identify suitable experimental runs. Both Fenton oxidation and EDTA-based Fenton oxidation were examined separately, with PCP removal being the response variable. In the case of Fenton oxidation, the optimization process resulted in the selection of 0.1–1 g/L of iron catalyst, 100–1,000 mg/L of H2O2, and a pH range of 2.5–3.5. On the other hand, for EDTA-based Fenton oxidation, the optimal conditions were determined to be 0.1–1 g/L of iron catalyst, 100–1,000 mg/L of H2O2, and a pH range of 6.5–7.5. ANOVA was conducted to analyze the results, and the model fit was examined.

Optimized procedure for the determination of alkylamines in airborne particulate matter of anthropized areas

Abstract. Due to their role in the formation of secondary aerosol, the concentrations of the most abundant aliphatic amines (methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), ethylamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA), propylamine (PA), and butylamine (BA)) present in the aerosol of a very anthropized area were measured by an optimized analytical procedure. PM10 samples were collected in the tanning district of Vicenza (in the Po Valley, northern Italy) in autumn 2020. Alkylamines were extracted in water and converted to carbamates through derivatization with Fmoc-OSu (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide) for subsequent determination by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with fluorescence detection. The procedure has been optimized, obtaining very satisfactory analytical performances: limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.09–0.26 ng m−3, with an average uncertainty of 3.4 % and recoveries of 95 %–101 %. The mean total concentration of the six amines measured in this study was 37±17 ng m−3, with DMA making the largest contribution. The proposed procedure may contribute to a better characterization of the local aerosol. In our preliminary investigation, Pearson's correlation test showed that amines correlate strongly with each other and with secondary inorganic ions (NH4+, NO3-, and SO42-), confirming that they compete with ammonia in the acid–base atmospheric processes that lead to the formation of nitrate and sulfate particles. The developed method allows us to gather critical information about the load of aliphatic amines in particulate matter (PM) to gain more insights into the sources and fate of these chemicals in the atmosphere.

Inhibition and Reduction of Biofilm Production along with Their Antibiogram Pattern among Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates.

Bacterial biofilm is a significant virulence factor threatening patients, leading to chronic infections and economic burdens. Therefore, it is crucial to identify biofilm production, its inhibition, and reduction. In this study, we investigated biofilm production among Gram-negative isolates and assessed the inhibitory and reduction potential of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) towards them. In addition, we studied the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the Gram-negative isolates. Bacterial isolation and identification was done using standard microbiological techniques, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline, 28th edition. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates, and β-lactamase production was tested via the combination disk method. Biofilm formation was detected through the tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Different concentrations of EDTA and DMSO were used to determine their inhibitory and reduction properties against the biofilm. Both inhibition and reduction by the various concentrations of EDTA and DMSO were analyzed using paired t-tests. Among the 110 clinical isolates, 61.8% (68) were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). 30% (33/110) of the isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 14.5% (16/110) were metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), and 8% (9/110) were Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) producers. Biofilm formation was detected in 35.4% of the isolates. Biofilm-producing organisms showed the highest resistance to antibiotics such as cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and carbapenem. The inhibition and reduction of biofilm were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for 1 mM of EDTA and 2% of DMSO. Isolates forming biofilm had a higher resistance rate and β-lactamase production compared to biofilm nonproducers. EDTA and DMSO were found to be potential antibiofilm agents. Hence, EDTA and DMSO might be an effective antibiofilm agent to control biofilm-associated infections.

Carbon dots efficiently promote vascularization for enhanced repairing of orthopedic diseases with diabetic mellitus based on nanocatalytic medicine

Insufficient angiogenesis, a prominent characteristic of diabetic mellitus, significantly affected the reparative capacity of orthopedic diseases. Imbalanced redox caused by excessive reactive oxygen species is one of the crucial factors in weakening vascularization. Conditions such as implant osseointegration failure and delayed wound healing in orthopedic diseases are significantly influenced by the vascularization deficits in diabetic mellitus. Promoting angiogenesis by modulating endothelial function is considered as an effective therapy for diabetes, yet current efforts remain insufficient. Nanocatalytic medicine has emerged as promising candidates for therapy. Herein, carbon dots (CDs) with preferable catalytic effect by mimicking both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)-like activity were designed and synthesized using anhydrous citric acid and ethane diamine. CDs effectively scavenged superoxide anion (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with excellent biocompatibility. Meanwhile, CDs promoted the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with enhanced SOD and CAT activity in simulated oxidative stress of diabetes. Notably, CDs promoted vascularization by activate PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in impaired endothelial cells, which was demonstrated through transcriptome sequencing, western blot, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The therapeutic effect of CDs based on promoting vascularization was found in orthopedic disease models of subcutaneous implant and wound healing of diabetic rat. These findings highlight a promising clinical application for CDs as a nanocatalytic medicine in enhancing vascularization for diabetic mellitus.

Bone regeneration property of tooth-derived bone substitute prepared chairside for periodontal bone defects: an experimental study

BackgroundPeriodontitis often leads to progressive destruction and loss of alveolar bone, the reconstruction of which remains difficult in periodontal therapy. As a novel bone graft material, tooth-derived bone substitute (TDBS) processed from extracted teeth has been previously reported about its osteoconductivity and promising results in bone regeneration. This study was to investigate the biological effects and bone regeneration properties of TDBS in vitro and in vivo using rat periodontal bone defect model.MethodsThree groups of materials were used in the experiments: TDBS, TDBS treated with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (TDBS-E), and allogeneic bone materials. Calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion dissolutions were quantified by spectrophotometer for seven days. The releases of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human osteoblast proliferation, migration, and differentiation were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell counting, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and alizarin red staining (ARS), respectively. Furthermore, the osteogenic effects of TDBS on periodontal furcation bone defects were evaluated at eight weeks postoperatively using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological analysis.ResultsThe dissolution of both Ca and P ions in TDBS increased over time. The BMP-2 released from TDBS was significantly higher than that from TDBS-E and allografts, while the TGF-β1 release from TDBS and TDBS-E groups was higher than that in the allografts. The TDBS-E group could induce the highest level of osteoblast proliferation compared to other groups. Cell migration with allografts co-culture was significantly induced compared to the blank control. However, all groups demonstrated similar positive effects on osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, in the periodontal model, all materials could effectively enhance bone regeneration in the furcation defect.ConclusionsThe TDBS prepared chairside as an autogenous bone graft, demonstrating osteoinductivity, which enhances the osteogenic biological characteristics. Therefore, TDBS is suggested as an economical and biocompatible material for periodontal bone regeneration.

Solvent-free one-pot two component synthesis. Tuning of optoelectronic properties of fluorescent phloroglucinol-aryl Schiff base compounds

A series of new aryl-Schiff base derivatives were synthetized from the one-pot approach: two component condensation reaction in absence of solvent, in quantitative yields with a high atom economy under green conditions. All of the derivatives were fully characterized by NMR, vibrational absorption analysis, UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The aryl-Schiff bases predominantly present the enol-imine tautomer in acetone-d6, while both enol-imine and keto-imine tautomer readily concur in dimethyl sulphoxide-d6. The emission of the series could be tailored by substituting electron donor or electron acceptor groups in the aryl-Schiff bases from fluorescent to not fluorescent molecules, respectively. Fluorescent molecules emit blue, cyan and yellow color with quantum yields in the 2.4–6.2 % range and average lifetime of ∼0.2 ns. The large Stokes’ shift for the molecule bearing a methylalcoxy (3248 cm−1) and diethyl amine (5017 cm−1) suggests a possible intramolecular charge transfer process as also corroborated by cyclic voltammetry, and explaining their low fluorescence quantum yield. The aryl-Schiff base substituted with the methylalcoxy (2b) was used as an electron donor material in photovoltaic devices in configuration: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/2b:PC61BM/Fields metal. The device built under atmospheric conditions displayed an intrinsic power conversion efficiency of PCE ∼0.4 %, with a Voc of 420 mV and Jsc 4.28 mA/cm2.