Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Research Articles

In Situ Modification of Activated Carbon Made from Camellia oleifera Shell with Na2EDTA for Enhanced La3+ Recovery

It is important to recover La3+ from metallurgical solutions or wastewater. However, the recovery rate of La3+ is usually less than 1% and the recovery methods are not environmentally friendly or user-friendly. Therefore, a straightforward, efficient, clean, and economically friendly method is needed. In this investigation, a modified adsorbent, COSAC-Na2EDTA-15, which was made from the Camellia oleifera shell (COS) and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA), was invented. In addition, characterization of the COSAC-Na2EDTA-15 adsorbent was conducted using SEM and XPS, and the principle of adsorption was revealed. The adsorption kinetics followed P-S-O KM, while the isotherm of COS-activated carbon (COSAC) aligned more closely with the Langmuir model. Compared to COSAC, the maximum La3+ adsorption capacity of COSAC-Na2EDTA-15 increased from 50 to 162.43 mg/g, and the content of O and N changed from 7.31% and 1.48% to 12.64% and 4.15%, respectively. The surface of the COSAC-Na2EDTA-15 exhibited abundant C, N, and O elements, and La3+ was detected on the sample surface after adsorption. The test and analysis results fully indicate that La3+ can be successfully adsorbed on the surface of COSAC-Na2EDTA-15. Because of its easy preparation, low cost, and superior performance, activated carbon made from COS finds extensive applications in the adsorption and recovery of rare earth elements.

Vacancy controlled MoSSe/MnSe heterostructure show boosting activities in photoelectrochemical and electrocatalytic hydrogen production

There are many factors that affect the activity of catalyst, such as the absorption capacity of catalyst itself, carrier separation, active site and surface transfer efficiency. In the study of this paper, two main influencing factors of catalyst are considered. One is that the electronic band structure determines the carrier separation and transport efficiency; the other is surface chemical state affects the active sites. A vacancy controlled MoSSe/MnSe heterojunction catalyst was demonstrated: MoSSe formed a type II heterojunction with MnSe, allowing photo generated carriers to move between the conduction and valence bands of the two semiconductors, thereby improving separation efficiency. Under the optimized MnSe composite ratio, MSMS3 exhibited a photocurrent density of up to −7.153 mA/cm2 at 0 V vs RHE, which is 5.2 times that of the MoSSe. In addition, the catalyst was further treated with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Due to the weak binding between Mn and Se, a large number of Mn atoms detach and form many Mn vacancies (VMn) on the catalyst surface due to the complexation effect of EDTA. These vacancies provide a large number of active sites, reduce of the adsorption energy barrier for H* which greatly enhancing the activity of the catalyst in hydrogen evolution reactions. Compared with the original MoSSe (overpotential 476 mV, Tafel slope 216 mV/dec), the overpotential of the vacancy catalyst MSMS3v is reduced to 197 mV with a Tafel slope of 77 mV/dec. This work demonstrates a novel catalyst regulation strategy.

Mathematical modeling of rare earth element separation in electrodialysis with adjacent anion exchange membranes and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as chelating agent

This research delves into the effective use of electrodialysis for the separation of rare earth elements (REEs), specifically separating dysprosium (Dy) from praseodymium (Pr) and neodymium (Nd). A robust mathematical model based on the extended Nernst-Planck equation is introduced, simulating the process within a configuration that includes two adjacent anion exchange membranes. The model integrates aspects such as feed equilibrium, ion exchange within the membrane, and overall ion flux. Validation of the model's predictability was conducted through Chi-squared tests and root mean square error (RMSE) calculations, affirming its capability to accurately predict ion concentrations across different compartments. The study examines essential parameters such as applied voltage, rinse solution concentration, and feed concentration, assessing their impacts on separation performance and energy efficiency. Results indicate that higher voltages above 8 V, while speeding up separation, detrimentally impact energy use. It also highlights a critical balance in rinse solution concentration; lower concentrations below 0.05 mol/L enhance energy efficiency but may undercut separation efficacy due to early depletion. A linear correlation between the necessary rinse concentration and feed concentration was established, with higher feed concentrations demonstrating reduced specific energy consumption, thus enhancing overall efficiency. However, challenges remain in current efficiency due to the independent migration of SO42− ions in this specific setup. The findings advocate exploring alternative configurations, like alternating cation and anion exchange membranes, to optimize both environmental and economic aspects of REE separation. This study provides valuable insights and recommendations for refining electrodialysis systems in REE processing, contributing to sustainable and cost-effective electrodialysis systems.

Comparative effects of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 9% etidronic acid applied with different irrigant activation techniques on the release of growth factors from dentin: in vitro study.

Growth factors embedded in the extracellular matrix of the dentin play an important role in the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative endodontics. In regenerative endodontic treatments, the type of irrigation solution used is crucial for the release of growth factors (GFs) from the dentin matrix. This study evaluated the effectiveness of different irrigant activation techniques (IAT) using two different chelating agents, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 9% etidronic acid (HEDP), in terms of their GF release. Seventy-two mandibular premolar teeth were prepared to simulate an open apex. The root fragments were irrigated with 20ml of 1.5% sodium hypochlorite and 20ml of saline solution. Eight root fragments were randomly separated for the control group, and the remaining 64 fragments were randomly separated into eight groups based on two different chelating agents (17% EDTA and 9% HEDP) and four different IAT ((conventional needle irrigation (CNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), sonic activation with EDDY, and XP-endo Finisher (XPF)). TGF-β1, VEGF-A, BMP-7 and IGF-1 release levels were determined using an ELISA, and statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA, and the Tukey test (p < .05). Compared to the control group, the experimental groups showed significantly higher GF release when using EDTA or HEDP. Among the activation groups, the EDDY group triggered the highest GF release, and the CNI group triggered the lowest. IAT with EDTA and HEDP can increase GF release, with EDDY being the most effective IAT method. Using chelating agents with IAT may be beneficial in regenerative endodontic treatments.

EDTA functionalized pine needle biochar (EDTA@BC); a valorized bio-material for removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution.

The preparation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) functionalized pine needles biochar (EDTA@BC) as a low-cost active adsorbent and its effectiveness in removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution at various conditions is reported in this paper. First, alkali activation was selected to render the pine needle biochar with an excellent porous structure and increased concentration of hydroxyl groups to facilitate grafting. Subsequently, a simple method was utilized to graft EDTA onto the biochar. The prepared EDTA@BC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to assess the impact of various parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate volume, and shaking time on the removal efficiency of Ni(II). At pH 6, 100 mg dosage, 4 mL of adsorbate volume, and 10 min of shaking time, the maximum removal efficiency of Ni(II) was observed to be 89%. EDTA@BC showed reasonable sorption performance still after the third cycle of regeneration. The effect of interfering ions such as Pb, Cr, Cu, and Hg was evaluated, resulting a decrease of 69%, 78%, 76%, and 68%, respectively, in its sorption capacity. The Langmuir model provided a better fit for Ni(II) in the concentration range of 0.1-2000 ppm under optimized conditions, with qmax of 46.69 ± 1.031 mg/g and KL of 0.001, compared with the Freundlich isotherm, which yielded n = 0.234 and χ2 = 2.7899, Temkin isotherm (R2 = 0.9520), and Redlich-Peterson isotherm (R2 = 0.9725). The removal of Ni(II) by EDTA@BC was found to be the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic studies indicated adsorption process to be endothermic and nonspontaneous. Hence, a sustainable valorized bio-material (EDTA@BC) is prepared having better sorption efficiency of Ni(II) from aqueous solution with possible wide applicability. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: New EDTA functionalized indigenous pine needles biochar (EDTA@BC) was prepared. This low-cost active adsorbent found effective in removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution. FTIR, SEM, and EDX proved synthesis and uptake of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. Ni(II) removal, regeneration, interfering and adsorption studies were performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Influence of different endodontic irrigants on shear bond strength of composite resin to coronal dentin: An in vitro study

Objectives: Endodontic irrigants are critical in root canal treatments, but their influence on the coronal dentin bond strength of composite restorations is a key concern for a favorable clinical prognosis. The present in vitro study explores the effect of different endodontic irrigants on shear bond strength of composite resin. Material and Methods: Fifty permanent human mandibular molars were sectioned to expose coronal dentin and divided into five groups. Each group received a specific irrigant treatment before composite resin bonding. Shear bond strength was examined using Instron Universal testing machine, and statistical analysis was conducted using post hoc Tukey’s test and analysis of variance. Results: Group A (Saline) showed a mean shear bond strength of 18.5 Megapascal (MPa). Group B [sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)] had mean shear bond strength of 15.2 MPa. Group C [Chlorhexidine (CHX) Gluconate] exhibited mean shear bond strength of 20.3 MPa. Group D ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) recorded mean shear bond strength of 14.8 MPa, while Group E [citric acid (CA)] had the highest mean shear bond strength at 22.7 MPa. Conclusion: The type of endodontic irrigant used significantly affected the shear bond strength of composite restorations to coronal dentin. CHX gluconate and CA displayed superior bond strengths compared to Saline, NaOCl, and EDTA. This underscores the importance of irrigant selection in achieving successful composite restorations in endodontically treated teeth.

99m Tc-DTPA dynamic SPECT/CT renogram in adults: feasibility and diagnostic benefit.

The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility and potential advantages of 99m Tc-DTPA dynamic single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) renogram in adults. Fifty-five patients aged 19-80 years (mean 56.3) were enrolled. The imaging protocol included: day 1: 99m Tc-DTPA planar renogram, followed by planar 99m Tc-DMSA scan. Day 3: attenuation-corrected dynamic 99m Tc-DTPA SPECT renogram [DSPECT(AC)] and Cr-51 ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculation. DSPECT(AC) included an initial CT scan followed by 12 consecutive SPECT sessions acquired via continuous-mode acquisition for a total of 24 min. Fast SPECT sequences (1-2 s/projection, 60 projections, every 6°) were obtained for the first 8 min, followed by slower acquisitions (3-4 s/projection) during the rest of the study. Renal activity was measured in the total kidney volume by regions of interest drawn on consecutive transaxial slices of the third SPECT, which were then copied on the whole 12-SPECT series. Corresponding time-activity curves were created. DSPECT(AC) parameters were compared with those of planar renogram. The reference method for split renal function was 99m Tc-DMSA (geometrical mean of anterior and posterior projection counts) and for GFR the Cr-51 EDTA 2-blood sample clearance method. DSPECT(AC) images were of good quality. There was good correlation between renogram parameters (time to peak activity and NORA20) comparing the two techniques ( r = 0.959 and 0.933, respectively). In 21 cases with >30% absolute difference between the two kidneys, spilt renal function calculation by DSPECT(AC) correlated perfectly ( r = 0.968) with the reference method, whereas planar renogram was less accurate ( r = 0.843). Anatomic information provided by nonenhanced CT offered an integrated structural-functional view valuable for final diagnosis. DSPECT(AC) early kidney uptake as a fraction of injected dose correlated better with reference GFR ( r = 0.789) than the Gates' method ( r = 0.642). 99m Tc-DTPA dynamic SPECT/CT renogram is feasible with conventional SPECT/CT systems. It allows accurate split renal function measurement, offers additional anatomical information and can be used for closer approximation of GFR compared with Gates' method.

Neurotransmitter system gene variants as biomarkers for the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS and SSRIs in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study aims to examine the potential influence of RS4680 (COMT), RS16965628 (SLC6A4), and RS1019385 (GRIN2B) polymorphisms on the therapeutic response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Thirty-six untreated outpatients diagnosed with OCD were recruited and allocated to active or sham rTMS groups for two weeks. The mean age of the participants was 31.61, with 17 males (47.22%) and 19 females (52.78%). Peripheral blood samples (5 mL) were collected from each participant using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) vacuum tubes for genotyping purposes, clinical evaluation was taken place at baseline and second week. The A allele of RS4680, C allele of RS16965628, and GG allele of RS1019385 were identified as potential bio-markers for predicting treatment response to OCD treatments (rTMS & SSRIs). Those genes may serve as bio-markers for the combined treatment of rTMS and SSRIs in OCD. The finding hold promise for further research and the potential implementation of precision treatment of OCD. https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1900023641.

Dystrophic calcinosis: structural and morphological composition, and evaluation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (‘EDTA’) for potential local treatment

BackgroundTo perform a detailed morphological analysis of the inorganic portion of two different clinical presentations of calcium-based deposits retrieved from subjects with SSc and identify a chemical dissolution of these deposits suitable for clinical use.MethodsChemical analysis using Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy (‘FTIR’), Raman microscopy, Powder X-Ray Diffraction (‘PXRD’), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (‘TEM’) was undertaken of two distinct types of calcinosis deposits: paste and stone. Calcinosis sample titration with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (‘EDTA’) assessed the concentration at which the EDTA dissolved the calcinosis deposits in vitro.ResultsFTIR spectra of the samples displayed peaks characteristic of hydroxyapatite, where signals attributable to the phosphate and carbonate ions were all identified. Polymorph characterization using Raman spectra were identical to a hydroxyapatite reference while the PXRD and electron diffraction patterns conclusively identified the mineral present as hydroxyapatite. TEM analysis showed differences of morphology between the samples. Rounded particles from stone samples were up to a few micron in size, while needle-like crystals from paste samples reached up to 0.5 µm in length.Calcium phosphate deposits were effectively dissolved with 3% aqueous solutions of EDTA, in vitro. Complete dissolution of both types of deposit was achieved in approximately 30 min using a molar ratio of EDTA/HAp of ≈ 300.ConclusionsStone and paste calcium-based deposits both comprise hydroxyapatite, but the constituent crystals vary in size and morphology. Hydroxyapatite is the only crystalline polymorph present in the SSc-related calcinosis deposits. Hydroxyapatite can be dissolved in vitro using a dosage of EDTA considered safe for clinical application. Further research is required to establish the optimal medium to develop the medical product, determine the protocol for clinical application, and to assess the effectiveness of EDTA for local treatment of dystrophic calcinosis.

Improved UV stability of perovskite devices based on the synergistic effect of electron layer passivation engineering and component engineering

The electron transport layer is one of the key factors in constructing high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Pb2+ reduction induced by ultraviolet light can cause the generation of vacancies and defects, leading to the degradation of perovskite films and the reduction of PSCs performances. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) is a chelating agent that can bind to Sn2+ divalent metal ions and hence change material properties. Herein, EDTA-SnO2/CeO2 composite electron transport layers were constructed to improve the ultraviolet light stability of PSCs. The oxygen defect in electron layers of tin dioxide could be passivated by the surface of EDTA; whilst rod-like CeO2 was used as a mesoporous electron transport layer and UV shielding agent, which can reflect UV light and prevent the absorption layer from being damaged. CeO2 has also a suitable band gap; this accelerates the charge extraction and transfer, suppresses the recombination of interfacial carriers. The experimental results showed that the ultraviolet light stability of PSCs was significantly improved. After continuous irradiation of ultraviolet light with energy of 80 mW/cm2 for 12 h, the unencapsulated device with CeO2 maintained nearly 90% the initial efficiency.

Effects of anticoagulant (EDTA and Heparin) on blood of goat.

Blood is an important tool for accurate diagnosis of disease, forensic investigation, and hematological analysis. However this phenomenon can be thwarted occasionally if appropriate anticoagulant with storage times is not maintained properly. This research aims to compare and explore the effect of anticoagulants (such as ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and heparin) and storage time on the hematological parameters in indigenous goats. Twenty goats were enrolled and raised for this purpose. Bloods were collected into two different tubes containing EDTA and heparin and analyzed immediately to evaluate the basal value. All tubes were divided into two aliquots and stored at 4°C and 25°C and were analyzed again at the 24th and 48th hours of collection. The statistical analysis of this result showed that there was no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in the anticoagulant’s effect on the hematological parameters. RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, total WBC, and Platelets except ESR decreased gradually along with the storage time of up to 48 hours compared to the basal value. The hematological parameters were reduced more significantly (P&lt;0.05) when stored at 250C rather than 4°C indicating that the parameters remain in better condition in refrigeration. The samples should be stored at 4°C rather than room temperature and be used within 24 hours because the storage time modify the analyzed results. These findings demonstrate that both of the anticoagulants (EDTA and Heparin) show reliable results, therefore it can be used to store blood samples for any diagnostic purpose. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2024: 1-10

Hypertonic saline- and detergent-accelerated EDTA-based decalcification better preserves mRNA of bones

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a classically used chelating agent of decalcification, maintains good morphological details, but its slow decalcification limits its wider applications. Many procedures have been reported to accelerate EDTA-based decalcification, involving temperature, concentration, sonication, agitation, vacuum, microwave, or combination. However, these procedures, concentrating on purely tissue-outside physical factors to increase the chemical diffusion, do not enable EDTA to exert its full capacity due to tissue intrinsic chemical resistances around the diffusion passage. The resistances, such as tissue inner lipids and electric charges, impede the penetration of EDTA. We hypothesized that delipidation and shielding electric charges would accelerate EDTA-based penetration and the subsequent decalcification. The hypothesis was verified by the observation of speedy penetration of EDTA with additives of detergents and hypertonic saline, testing on tissue-mimicking gels of collagen and adult mouse bones. Using a 26% EDTA mixture with the additives at 45°C, a conventional 7-day decalcification of adult mouse ankle joints could be completed within 24 h while the tissue morphological structure, antigenicity, enzymes, and DNA were well preserved, and mRNA better retained compared to using 15% EDTA at room temperature. The addition of hypertonic saline and detergents to EDTA decalcification is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method that doesn't disrupt the current histological workflow. This method is equally or even more effective than the currently most used decalcification methods in preserving the morphological details of tissues. It can be highly beneficial for the related community.

Oral sericin ameliorates type 2 diabetes through passive intestinal and bypass transport into the systemic circulation

Ethnopharmacological relevanceBoiled silkworm cocoons have been used to treat 'Xiaoke disease' (diabetes mellitus) recorded in Chinese medicine for over 800 years. In recent years, it has been found that the active substance silk sericin (SS) has therapeutic benefits in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SS promotes pancreatic islet signalling, the proliferation of pancreatic islet cells, and insulin secretion. It is inferred that SS enters the bloodstream after oral administration and plays a role in the body's circulation. As a natural protein, SS needs to resist digestion by proteases in the gastrointestinal tract and cross the gastrointestinal barrier after oral administration. It is currently unclear how SS crosses the gastrointestinal barrier and whether it exerts therapeutic effects on T2DM by entering the circulation. Aim of the studyTo study how SS crosses the gastrointestinal barrier and whether it enters the body circulation to exert a therapeutic effect on T2DM. Materials and methodsSS was extracted from silkworm cocoons using an alkaline method with sodium carbonate. The antidigestive capacity of SS was detected using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis experiments. The mode of uptake and translocation of orally consumed SS in vivo was analysed using the AP-side to BL-side and BL-side-AP-side translocations, apparent Permeability coefficient (Papp), and Exocytosis rates (ER). The study compared the differences between the adSS group and the adSS + EDTA group by using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to separate the tight junctions between Caco-2 cells. The aim was to analyze whether the transport mode of oral filaggrin proteins in vivo could be absorbed by bypass transport. By administering SS through oral and intraperitoneal injection to type 2 diabetic mice, we measured its concentration in the blood, as well as blood glucose and insulin levels, to determine its effectiveness in treating diabetes and its ability to enter the body's circulation for treatment. ResultsThe molecular weight of SS decreased from 10k∼25 kDa to 10k∼15 kDa after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal fluid digestion, indicating its good antidigestive properties. The apparent Papp was greater than 1 × 10−6 cm·s-1, and the ER was between 0.5 and 1.5, indicating that adSS was well-absorbed and mainly passively transported. The Caco-2 cell model showed that the addition of EDTA promoted the transport of adSS, resulting in significantly larger Papp and ER values, indicating that adSS was absorbed by bypass transport. After oral administration of SS, the concentration of SS in the blood was lower than after intraperitoneal injection, which is 60% of intraperitoneal administration. Mice with a T2DM model who were administered SS for 5 weeks showed significant improvement in insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Additionally, the pancreatic tissue appeared more regular. In the treatment of T2DM, injections of SS have been shown to be more effective than oral administration. Both oral and intraperitoneal injections have been partially involved in the circulation. ConclusionsSS is enzymatically cleaved by proteolytic enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract. The smaller molecules are partially absorbed into the body's circulation through passive and paracrine transport, exerting a therapeutic effect on T2DM.

Unveiling antibiofilm potential: proteins from Priestia sp. targeting Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation.

Staphylococcus aureus is the etiologic agent of many nosocomial infections, and its biofilm is frequently isolated from medical devices. Moreover, the dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains from this pathogen, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, is a worldwide public health issue. The inhibition of biofilm formation can be used as a strategy to weaken bacterial resistance. Taking that into account, we analysed the ability of marine sponge-associated bacteria to produce antibiofilm molecules, and we found that marine Priestia sp., isolated from marine sponge Scopalina sp. collected on the Brazilian coast, secretes proteins that impair biofilm development from S. aureus. Partially purified proteins (PPP) secreted after 24 hours of bacterial growth promoted a 92% biofilm mass reduction and 4.0 µg/dL was the minimum concentration to significantly inhibit biofilm formation. This reduction was visually confirmed by light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, biochemical assays showed that the antibiofilm activity of PPP was reduced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1,10 phenanthroline (PHEN), while it was stimulated by zinc ions, suggesting an active metallopeptidase in PPP. This result agrees with mass spectrometry (MS) identification, which indicated the presence of a metallopeptidase from the M28 family. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing analysis of Priestia sp. shows that gene ywad, a metallopeptidase-encoding gene, was present. Therefore, the results presented herein indicate that PPP secreted by the marine Priestia sp. can be explored as a potential antibiofilm agent and help to treat chronic infections.

Sorption Characteristics and Chromatographic Separation of 90Y3+ from 90Sr2+ from Aqueous Media by Chelex-100 (Anion Ion Exchange) Packed Column.

There is growing demand for separation of 90Y carrier free from 90Sr coexisting to produce high purity 90Y essential for radiopharmaceutical uses. Thus, in this context the sorption profiles of Y3+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solutions containing diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), acetic acid, citric acid, or NaCl onto Chelex-100 (anion ion exchange) solid sorbent were critically studied for developing an efficient and low-cost methodology for selective separation of Y3+ from Sr2+ ions (1.0 × 10-5 M). Batch experiments displayed relative chemical extraction percentage (98 ± 5.4%) of Y3+ from aqueous acetic acid solution onto Chelex-100 (anion ion exchanger), whereas Sr2+ species showed no sorption. Hence, a selective separation of Y3+ from its parent 90Sr2+ has been established based upon percolation of the aqueous solution of Y3+ and Sr2+ ions containing acetic acid at pH 1-2 through Chelex-100 sorbent packed column at a 2 mL min-1 flow rate. Y3+ species were retained quantitatively while Sr2+ ions were not sorbed and passed through the sorbent packed column without extraction. The sorbed Y3+ species were then recovered from the sorbent packed column with HNO3 (1.0 M) at a 1.0 mL min-1 flow rate. A dual extraction mechanism comprising absorption associated to "weak-base anion exchanger" and "solvent extraction" of Y3+ as (YCl6)3- and an extra part for "surface adsorption" of Y3+ by the sorbent is proposed. The established method was validated by measuring the radiochemical (99.2 ± 2 1%), radionuclide purity and retardation factor (Rf = 10.0 ± 0.1 cm) of 90Y3+ recovered in the eluate. Ultimately, the sorbent packed column also presented high stability for reusing 2-3 cycles without drop in its efficiency (±5%) towards Y3+ uptake and relative chemical recovery. A proposed flow sheet describing the analytical procedures for the separation of 90Y3+ from 90Sr2+ using chelating Chelex 100 (anion exchange) packed column is also included.

Boosting the Ni(II)-EDTA decomplexation and Ni(II) immobilization in a heterogeneous Fenton-like system with L-cysteine functionalized zero-valent iron

The remarkable stability and detrimental environmental impacts of nickel(II)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Ni(II)-EDTA) complexes originated from electroplating effluents have sparked a growing curiosity about their efficient remediation. In this study, L-cysteine functionalized zero-valent iron (C-ZVIbm) was synthesized via a ball-milling method and employed as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst to decomplex Ni(II)-EDTA and immobilize Ni(II) from wastewater. The results demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic rate constant (2.096 L·mol−1·min−1) for EDTA degradation in the C-ZVIbm/H2O2 system was 123.3 times that in the ZVIbm/H2O2 system (0.017 L·mol−1·min−1). The incorporation of L-cysteine onto the surface of ZVI significantly enhanced the H2O2 activation, reactive oxygen species (OH, O2−, and 1O2) generation, and the sequential Ni(II)-EDTA decomplexation and EDTA degradation. The results of capture experiments revealed that 1O2 played a crucial role in the degradation of EDTA in the C-ZVIbm/H2O2 system. The optimization of the experimental variables indicated that the degradation of EDTA and the reduction/adsorption of Ni(II) were antagonistic in the C-ZVIbm/H2O2 system, resulting in an efficient reduction/immobilization of Ni(II) and an inhibition of EDTA degradation at a higher dosage of C-ZVIbm. Our findings provide new insights into the promising heterogeneous Fenton-like process that enables the decomplexation of Ni(II)-EDTA, the degradation of EDTA, and the synchronous immobilization of Ni(II).

Influence of Carbons on Metal Stabilization and the Reduction in Soil Phytotoxicity with the Assessment of Health Risks

Despite notable achievements in the development and application of the remediation of metal-contaminated soils, the search for and study of promising immobilizing agents continues. This article presents a new approach to using brown coal and activated carbon and their application for metal stabilization. An experiment was conducted to test Medicago falcata L. on soils from industrial areas contaminated with varying levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) with the addition of carbons. This plant is a stress-tolerant leguminous species. In this study, the total content of metals in soil and the available forms to plants (single extractions with 0.02 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA) were determined, along with metal contents in the plant. The use of carbons lowered the phytoavailable forms of metals for plants and thus, resulted in a reduction in the phytotoxicity of the soils. The contents of the tested metals in the roots and shoots were lower than in the combinations of soils with no carbon added. The activated carbon had a stronger effect on limiting the availability of metals than brown coal in relation to plants growing on soils without added carbon; the percentage of reduction for the shoots was Cr (18.2%) &gt; Zn (11.5%) &gt; Ni (10.7%) &gt; Cu (10.3%) &gt; Cd (8.9%) &gt; Pb (2.4%) and Cu (13.3%) &gt; Cr (12.5%) &gt; Zn (10.5%) &gt; Pb (9.0%) &gt; Ni (5.7%) &gt; Cd (4.6%) for roots. Metals reduced the growth of Medicago falcata L. roots from 44 to 21%, while the growth of shoots was reduced from 25 to 2%. Adding carbons to soils in all combinations resulted in a decrease in the following pollution indices: pollution index (PI), pollution load index (PLI), and non-carcinogenic (HQ) and carcinogenic risk factors (ILCR).

Dual-responsive solvatochromic sensor for simultaneous detection and mechanism of Cr(III) and Co(II) cations by a new N2O4-donor tetrabenzodiaza-crown ether Macrocyclic ligand anchored to dipyridine moieties

The present study describes the chemosensing capability of an N2O4-donor tetrabenzodiaza-crown ether macrocyclic ligand derivatized by two pyridine side arms to afford the flexible macrocyclic ligand, 5,20-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6,12,13,19,20,26,27octahydrotetrabenzo [e,i,o,s][1,4,11,14]tetraoxa[7,18]diazacycloicosine (PMHBOA). A selective colorimetric behavior of PMHBOA for the prompt detection of Cr(ΙΙΙ) and Co(ΙΙ) can be observed with naked eyes. The 1H, 13C{H} NMR, and infrared spectroscopy disclosed the ligand binding capability for selective metal ions, ascribed to a 1:1 complex formation with Cr(III) and Co(II) cations in isopropanol. The limit of detection (LOD) values were calculated as 580 and 850 nM for Cr(ΙΙΙ) and Co(ΙΙ), respectively, accompanied with suitable LOQs as 1.95 µM for Cr(III) and 2.85 µM for Co(II), respectively. The reusability was confirmed in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Moreover, a TLC-based fabricated paper strip successfully applied PMHBOA as a chemosensor for synchronous visible detection of Cr(III) and Co(II) in their alcoholic solution. Meanwhile, the observed color change along with the turn-off fluorescent of PMHBOA guaranteed a felicitous choice of candidate for Cr(III) in the presence of other library metal ions in isopropanol:H2O (9/1 v/v) solution. A fast separation test on the filter paper, impregnated with PMHBOA, was also employed to separate Cr(III) and Co(II) cations from aqueous solutions by recording UV–vis spectra. The 1H NMR spectroscopy supported the macrocycle ring and side arms as the parallel coordination site of PMHBOA with Cr(III) and Co(II).

Heterojunction-Based Photocatalytic Degradation of Rose Bengal Dye via Gold-Decorated α-Fe2O3-CeO2 Nanocomposites under Visible-Light Irradiation

Developing photocatalytic nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical features using low-cost and eco-friendly synthetic methods is highly desirable in wastewater treatment. In this work, the magnetically separable α-Fe2O3-CeO2 nanocomposite (NC), with its respective metal oxides of α-Fe2O3 and CeO2 nanoparticles, was synthesized using a combination of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CATB) and ascorbic acid via the hydrothermal method. To tune the band gap, the heterojunction nanocomposite of α-Fe2O3-CeO2 was decorated with plasmonic Au nanoparticles (Au NPs). The various characterization methods, such as FTIR, UV-vis DRS, XRD, XPS, TEM, EDX, SEM, and PL, were used to determine the properties of the materials, including their morphology, elemental composition, optical properties, band gap energy, and crystalline phase. The nanocomposite of α-Fe2O3-CeO2@Au was utilized to remove Rose Bengal (RB) dye from wastewater using a photocatalytic technique when exposed to visible light. A comprehensive investigation of the impact of the catalyst concentration and initial dye concentration was conducted to establish the optimal photodegradation conditions. The maximum photocatalytic efficiency of α-Fe2O3-CeO2@Au (50 mg L−1) for RB (20 ppm) dye removal was found to be 88.9% in 120 min under visible-light irradiation at a neutral pH of 7 and 30 °C. Various scavengers, such as benzoquinone (BQ; 0.5 mM), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA; 0.5 mM), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA; 0.5 mM), were used to investigate the effects of different free radicals on the photocatalytic process. Furthermore, the reusability of the α-Fe2O3-CeO2@Au photocatalyst has also been explored. Furthermore, the investigation of the potential mechanism demonstrated that the heterojunction formed between α-Fe2O3 and CeO2, in combination with the presence of deposited Au NPs, led to an enhanced photocatalytic efficiency by effectively separating the photogenerated electron (e−)–hole (h+) pairs.

Effect on emergence from anesthesia following induction with diazepam and its association with CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 gene polymorphisms

Introduction &amp; Objectives: Benzodiazepines are commonly used as adjuvants to IV anesthetic agents. Diazepam dosage varies widely depending on the desired endpoints. The rationale behind such inter-individual variability in drug responses has been attributed to genetically determined alterations in the enzyme activities. We assessed the emergence time in patients after induction of anesthesia with two different doses of diazepam and evaluated if any correlation exists between the emergence time and genetic polymorphism in drug metabolizers CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 genes.&#x0D; Methodology: The study was conducted on randomly selected adult patients scheduled for elective surgery between 40-60 y of age with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were distributed into 2 groups, with group 1 receiving 0.2 mg/kg and group 2 given 0.3 mg/kg diazepam. Wake-up time after surgery was determined after a standardized verbal command played by a tape-recorder. Three ml blood in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was collected before administering anesthesia.&#x0D; Results: Wake-up time between 8-18 min did not vary between the two groups. Comparatively persons having 2C19 2 took longer time to wake-up but this association was not statistically significant. However, CYP2C9 2 and 2 C9 3 and CYP3A4 genotypes had no influence on wake-up time.&#x0D; Conclusion: The pilot study suggests the emergence time from diazepam is longer in patients having 2C19 2 which confers slow-metabolizer phenotype. However, this study needs to be replicated in larger sample size to arrive at definitive conclusions before clinical applications.&#x0D; Abbreviations: BDZ- benzodiazepine; EDTA- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GA-General Anesthesia&#x0D; Key words: Diazepam; Emergence; Gene Polymorphism; Pharmacogenetics&#x0D; Citation: Mittal T, Badhe VK, Badhe DSD, Ahluwalia P, Mitta Bl, Mittal R. Effect on emergence from anesthesia following induction with diazepam and its association with CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 gene polymorphisms. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(1):126-138. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i1.2380&#x0D; Received: July 20, 2023; Reviewed: December 07, 2023; Accepted: December 07, 2023