Ethnic Societies Research Articles

Probable Potential Medicinal Plants of Andaman & Nicobar Islands

The paper deals with 72 probable potential medicinal plants belonging to 63 genera and 39 families of Andaman and Nicobar Islands for curing various ailments among different ethnic societies. Out of 70 species, 6 are endemic to these islands and 8 species extend to South East Asia except mainland India. The information has been gathered by field survey and from literature.

Satisfaction with Elderly in Multigenerational Family Living in Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia is a blend of multiracial ethnic societies in addition to communities where there are families who have married across races and traditions. As such, within the family living in the city of Kuala Lumpur, the different races and religions necessitate multigenerational relationships. Also, the lifestyles in a city and the rural areas are different in Malaysia. Those who live in rural areas own a house with land where their relatives are within their surroundings, giving a sense of well-being. In contrast, those living in the city would rent or buy a family-size house that is designed for only one family generation. Correspondingly, the aim of this research is to focus on the well-being of multigenerational families living in the city of Kuala Lumpur and their lifestyles in landed property or high-rise housing. The research’s objective is to identify the level of satisfaction with the facilities housing multigenerational living in Kuala Lumpur. The findings that are discussed in this research focus on the level of people's satisfaction and well-being with multigenerational living in a city where the surrounding has fewer facilities for senior citizens. A new generation living in the city needs to develop a social family who are living together, comprising parents, adults and children, whereby relationships are more intimate. This research has shown the impact of the situation of multigenerational living in Kuala Lumpur housing area where the house design is not suitable for multigenerational families living together because some people need privacy in their lives.

“The Belt and Road Initiative” Linguistic Strategic Planning for Ethnic Social Integration Supported by Computational Models

Abstract This paper explores the impact of “The Belt and Road Initiative” language strategic planning on the integration of ethnic societies by analyzing the role of language policy in promoting ethnic understanding, economic cooperation, and cultural exchanges. The paper constructs a theoretical framework for analyzing the impact of language on economic growth, reveals the deep-rooted mechanism of the economic development effect of language capital, and establishes a PVAR model to empirically analyze the language capital effect of China’s OFDI. Empirical testing of the impact of comprehensive linguistic similarity on culture among the Belt and Road countries is done through QAP analysis. The analysis shows that the official languages of each country have a significant promotion effect on OFDI in non-English-speaking countries (P<0.01). The economic growth spillover effects are all greater than 0, indicating that the economic growth rates of countries with similar languages are mutually influential. The combined linguistic similarity between countries plays a significant facilitating effect on cultural flows (p<0.01) and cultural preferences and a hindering effect on high cultural flows (standardized regression coefficient <0).

Satisfaction with Elderly Facilities in Multigenerational Family Living in Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia is a blend of multiracial ethnic societies in addition to communities where there are families who have married across races and traditions. As such, within the family living in the city of Kuala Lumpur, the different races and religions necessitate multigenerational relationships. Also, the lifestyles in a city and the rural areas are different in Malaysia. Those who live in rural areas own a house with land where their relatives are within their surroundings, giving a sense of well-being. In contrast, those living in the city would rent or buy a family-size house that is designed for only one family generation. Correspondingly, the aim of this research is to focus on the well-being of multigenerational families living in the city of Kuala Lumpur and their lifestyles in landed property or high-rise housing. The research’s objective is to identify the level of satisfaction with the facilities housing multigenerational living in Kuala Lumpur. The findings that are discussed in this research focus on the level of people's satisfaction and well-being with multigenerational living in a city where the surrounding has fewer facilities for senior citizens. A new generation living in the city needs to develop a social family who are living together, comprising parents, adults, and children, whereby relationships are more intimate. This research has shown the impact of the situation of multigenerational living in Kuala Lumpur housing area where the house design is not suitable for multigenerational families living together because some people need privacy in their lives.

From Ethnic Genealogical Folklore to the Power and Legitimacy of Traditional Society

The folklore of the genealogical origin of an ethnicity is a very popular cultural treasure for the Gayo, Nias, and Batak Toba ethnic communities, especially those related to genealogy. The original characters of the ethnic community are depicted falling from a high place (heaven) to a low place (bumi). The events of the story characters coming down from the sky make the figure genetic, and the region has a very important power value in its supportive ethnic society. Folklore stories of the genealogical origins of these three ethnicities will be analysed through the meaning patterns that are the guidelines of life for the ethnic community. Given the folklore of the genealogical origins of the three ethnic groups, they are closely linked to the system of power in ethnic societies. The study aims to explore how meaning patterns are operated in order to safeguard, maintain, and stabilise the power of individuals as well as ethnic groups. As for the research methods used in this research, they use archaeological, anthropological, ethno-archaeological, and sociological approaches. The results achieved in the folklore study of ethnic genealogical origin depict the system of power in the cultures of the ethnic communities Batak Toba, Nias, and Gayo.

Cross-cultural studies of important ethno-medicinal plants among four ethnic groups of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

Background: This study was carried out to measure cross-cultural variability of plant use knowledge and to understand the human-nature interface among Monpa, Miji, Aka and Bugun communities of district West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh, India. We compared ethnomedical knowledge, diversity of medicinal plants, use values and informant consensus in the selected ethnic societies. Methods: A total of 94 informants (53 men and 41 women) from 02 villages of each community agreed to participate in this cross-cultural ethnomedicinal study. They were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire and asked about the medicinal plants used for the management of prevalent ailments, mode of preparation and administration of traditionally prepared medicine. Results: Total 59 plant species from 52 genera and 43 families were recorded for their ethnomedicinal use by the selected communities. Zingiberaceae was the most common family with 03 genera and 05 spp., having high recommended use across the ethnic communities. Curcuma amada (1.85), Curcuma longa (1.60), Zingiber officinalis (1.48) of this family showed high cross-cultural use value as compared to other medicinal plants. The informant consensus factor for use of medicinal plants for management of cancer was high (0.99) indicating high prevalence of this ailment in this study area, availability and use of similar plants for its management. Conclusions: The high consensus for plants used in management of most of the prevalent ailments indicate good cross-cultural interaction among Monpa, Miji, Aka and Bugun communities of district West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The medicinal plants with high use value and consensus need to be conserved and propagated for their sustained availability to the future generations. Keywords: Monpa, Miji, Aka, Bugun, Medicinal plants, Intercultural

“Patheetu”, the Distributive Character of Ethnic Societies

The people who lived in the five types of land divisions found in ancient Tamil Nadu had a wide variety of customs and cultures. The primordial man who lived in harmony with nature suffered many losses due to the nature that surrounded him. He began to live as a group to protect himself from the loss he had suffered. This collective way of life is called ethnic life. In all the five kinds of lands in ancient Tamil Nadu, the people lived this collective life, the ethnic life. The people who lived in all five types of lands had cultures according to the richness of the land in which they lived. Food was the basic necessity of the people who lived as an ethnic group. The distribution of food and food-based products was the primary activity. They divided food and food-related products. It is examined in the three spheres of the distribution of cattle lifted from enemies, the distribution of hunted material, and the distribution of gifts, and it expressed the quality of 'eating in the public' in the ethnic community.

Ethnomedicinal Plants of Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

An attempt has been made to prepare a detailed account of ethnomedicinal plants of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. The paper deals with the 172 species of probable ethnomedicinal potential, belonging to 150 genera and 74 families from Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. These taxa are used for curing various ailments among the different ethnic societies. For each species the information regarding botanical names, family, local names, parts used and ethnomedicinal uses have been provided. The information has been gathered by field survey and from available literature.

Sexual Violence Survivors in the Indian Diaspora: The Impact of Acculturation on Support-Seeking Behavior

Survivors of sexual violence in the United States are provided many more resources than those in Asia. For survivors in the Indian diaspora, this provides a unique perspective when understanding their experience and seeking support. This mixed methods study was an effort to understand the relationship between acculturation and support seeking for these survivors, both from informal and formal supports. This survey research recruited 77 survivors of sexual violence who self-identified as women and within the Indian diaspora in the United States. The participants ranged from 18 to 43 years in age. The Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale, support seeking checklist, and open-ended questions were used to understand the relationship between the variables of acculturation and support seeking within this population of survivors. Analysis showed that differences in support seeking were impacted by immersion in either dominant or ethnic societies, and that more attention might be paid to those with marginalized acculturation identities. Results of hypothesis testing and descriptive statistics are delivered. Implications include particular concern for populations marginalized by their ethnic and dominant societies. Further discussion focuses on understanding cultural norms as opposed to acculturation and integrating informal supports in treatment for survivors.

FOR THE GREATER GOOD: RESOLVING DIFFERENCES IN OPINIONS ON THE STANDARD INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE IN SABAH

Bahasa Kadazandusun or BKD is the sole indigenous language offered in schools in Sabah, initially under the Pupils’ Own Language (POL) program based on the Education Act 1966. Different reactions towards BKD come from various concerned stakeholders i.e., ethnic societies, cultural bodies, and political organizations within the Kadazan and Dusun Orang Asal communities that make up almost 30% of the population of Sabah. Views on BKD range from critical and hardline positions to support and tolerance. Differing opinions can be read in the media due to the press statements by organizations or individuals reported in the news. However, one group whose opinions are rarely heard within the debates is the Orang Asal parents whose children are BKD learners at schools. This paper extracts findings from a larger study conducted to investigate the views and perspectives of stakeholders on the teaching and learning of the Kadazandusun language. In particular, this paper discusses relevant extracts from focus group discussions specifically with parents (n = 294) from five districts (Tambunan, Keningau, Kudat, Kota Marudu, and Tuaran). The study found that Orang Asal parents who are non-Kadazan or non-Dusun speakers are supportive of the BKD’s position and role as the sole indigenous language option taught in the national education system while recognizing that they want their indigenous languages to be transmitted to their younger generation, the parents also strongly encourage for inclusion of other ethnic languages in the system, formally or informally. This study found that the acceptance and tolerance shown by the parents, though themselves not speakers of Kadazandusun, are consistent with the sense of community present within indigenous communities in Sabah. The support given by non-Kadazandusun speakers to the standard language points to existing social harmony in a multicultural and multilingual society in Sabah. This paper also discusses at length the history behind the establishment of BKD and language standardization ideology within indigenous communities’ context.

Immigrant Birds

Immigrant Birds

MYPHOENCYCLOPEDIC AND LINGUOPOETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMAGES OF "WATER" AND "FIRE" IN WORLD CULTURE

The article discusses the mythological, encyclopedic and linguo-poetic characteristics of the images of "water" and "fire" in different ethnic groups and societies. The image of "water" is an ancient universal symbol of all cultures of the world, as it is associated with the primordial matter and birth, as a result of which water is considered as the guardian of life, symbolizes its beginning and end. Fire is most often seen as a male substance and as a symbol of vital energy, the heart, the fertilizing force, enlightenment, the Sun. The image of "water" is not a holistic image, it consists of many forms: sea, river, ocean, lake, dew, stream, rain, downpour, thunderstorm, storm, ice, fog, well, spring. The image of "fire" is also objectified by different forms: a fireplace a candle, a flame, a bonfire. Much attention is paid to the description of the meanings of the main linguistic and mythopoetic characteristics of the images "water" and "fire" in the world, as well as in the Slavic mythopoetic picture of the world.

Resistance and Ungendering: Poetry of Mona Zote and Monalisa Changkija

While the academic world talks of different waves of feminism that have emerged in Europe and the US in the past few centuries, the feminists from the third world countries have reservations on the use of a western framework of feminism in investigating the challenges faced by the women from third world countries. The structural discrimination that permeates the gender divide in India is so variegated that a homogenous reprisal will be inadequate to understand the problems that persist among several ethnic communities in a postcolonial context. Neither religion nor education could erase the structural discrimination that continues to exist in these ethnic societies because of the persistence of regressive “customary laws” that allow male domination. This essay argues that the emerging feminist voices like Monalisa Chankija and Mona Zote from India’s north-east have used “performativity” as a tool to counter these gendered societies on one hand, and on the other hand it has also un-gendered the “essence” of cultural constructs putting it under suspension. However, the success of this effort seems limited only to the literary world as efforts are still underway to bring substantial changes into the political world.

Nurses Cultural Competence in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundDiversity is a challenge and an opportunity, resulting in a change toward providing services suited to clients’ cultural needs and desires. Nurses working with culturally diverse populations face unique challenges because of the coexistence of diverse cultural and ethnic societies. Hence, the study’s purpose has been to evaluate the current state of cultural competence and the factors that influence it among nurses in Southwest Ethiopia.MethodsFrom December 1 to December 30, 2021, nurses at eight public healthcare facilities in southwest Ethiopia were enrolled in a facility-based cross-sectional study. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Epi data 4.1 was used to enter the data, and SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. To identify factors associated with cultural competence, bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-seven nurses took part in the study, yielding an 86.1% response rate. The mean age was 28.83 years (standard deviation = ±5.48). The mean cultural competence score among healthcare professionals was 1.95 ± 0.32. Marital status (p < 0.05) and the use of healthcare interpreters (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with cultural competence.ConclusionNurses had a low level of cultural competence. Cultural competence varies according to a number of factors, including marital status and the use of healthcare interpreters. Nurses are better suited to focus on the ethnic diversity of their patients, which necessitates the provision of cultural competence training for nurses.

Ethnic Piano Rolls in the United States: Between Folk, Foreign and National Music

A small part of piano rolls among the thousands of rolls in the United States were published for local ethnic communities. These piano rolls were never collected and have not been researched either historically or musicologically. Only a few articles in academic journals or chapters in scholarly books on this topic have appeared in the last decade. As such, this opens a new field of research, one still neglected and underappreciated. After some investigation, it is clear that many 'ethnic' piano rolls are unique, not found on other recorded media such as phonograph cylinders or gramophone discs. Here we can find not only music, but an old language used by immigrants too. U.S. 'ethnic' piano rolls expand our knowledge of musical history and technological and sociological developments, revealing intensive musical communication, musical migration, influences, and contaminations between local ethnic societies, countries, and even continents. This article aims to formulate the main concept of 'ethnic' piano rolls, to describe the music encoded on them, and to explore avenues for future research.

DRUG TRAFFICKING AS A PHENOMENON IN GLOBALIZED WORLD AND MODERN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS

This article deals with the phenomenon of drug trafficking and its’ impact on the system of international relations and a challenge, which it creates for international security and the system of drugs control. Its’ aim is to form a detailed investigation of this factor, because of the impact it has on economic welfare of the number of states (narco-stares), their neighboring regions and on the global health. Drug trafficking makes the solution of any international conflict more complex and provokes the emergence of numerous non-state actors, who represent micro-power both in physical world and cyber-space. Various approaches and researches, concerning attitude to the phenomenon of drug-trafficking within the frame of national sovereignty, global agenda and their efficiency, are also analyzed above. Current article illuminates the conception of deviant globalization, the role which drug trafficking plays in it, gives examples of increased discrimination of ethnic societies and its specific features, as a complex process, which includes all stages of circulation of drugs: starting from their production and ending with a final consumer. We also paid attention to such unique specifics of drug trade, as “profit paradox”, “hydra effect” and “balloon effect”. They make this kind of business particularly attractive for different types of actors and complicate the task of its eradication or delimitation. Drug trafficking creates myriads of subjects all over the world, who effectively cooperate in concert in order to achieve a common goal and, thereby, form global social system. A new perception of drug trafficking will become an optimal methodological basis, which will help to increase the efficiency of anti-drug activity. Instead of isolating it within national security of specific country or social welfare agenda, a new idea of integrated concept of drug trafficking as a factor, which influences numerous dimensions of international relations and global health should be formed.

Species richness and folk therapeutic uses of ethnomedicinal plants in West Bengal, India – A meta-analysis

Background: West Bengal is a state rich in floral biodiversity, with a high occurrence of medicinal plants being used. The state is populated by several ethnic communities, which still rely on various ethnomedical practises. Unfortunately information relating to the medicinally useful species is not holistic or is fraganmentory. We thus felt for a meta-analysis and abridged the available information of the stateMethods: The purpose of the present study was to annotate the published information on ethnomedicinal plants used by various indigenous communities of West Bengal, India. We therefore searched the published Journal articles, book chapters, and scientific reports using Web of Science, Scopus, Google, Google Scholar, individual journal databases and personal communication to review the ethnomedicinal information of the state.Resutls: The meta-analysis resulted to a repository of 377 plant species represented by 99 families and 278 genera which were utilized for folk medicinal purposes. These ethnomedicinal plant species were used to treat a total of 126 different ailments and diseases. Stomach related problems were found common among the ethnic groups for which about half of the listed plant species were used for its treatment. Santal ethnic group was found richest with traditional knowledge related to folk medicinal purposes of 195 plant species. Some plant species Aerva lanata and Aristolochia indica were found commonly utilized by the communities. Leaves were prominently used plant part for folk therapies. Harvesting of the plants or their parts was largely unsustainable and is a matter of concern which needs urgent conservation action. Moreover, neglect and disregard to traditional culture and lores by the younger generation of the traditional communities is causing rapid decline and making the traditional knowledge system of these communities obsolete.Conclusion: Documentation of ethnomedicinal plant species and the associated traditional knowledge is vital for well being of future generation as well as their conservation. This meta-analysis will be useful as baseline information for research on new drug development which will give national and global recognition to the traditional knowledge system of these ethnic societies while, will boost their healthcare, ecological, socioeconomic and bio-cultural perspectives.

Ethnomedicinal Potential of Weed Plants of Madhya Pradesh: A Review

Madhya Pradesh is rich in floristic as well as ethnic diversity. It comprises 50 Districts and forest covers 30.9% of the total area of the state. More than 41 tribal communities reside in or around the forests and depend mainly on forest resources for their daily requirements like food, fodder, fibre, gum, resin, tannin, wood, medicines, dye etc. Presently, there are a number of ethnobotanical studies being carried out in different tribal inhabited localities of Madhya Pradesh. The paper deals with the 91 weed species of probable medicinal potential, belonging to 79 genera and 38 families from Madhya Pradesh. These taxa are used for curing various ailments among the different ethnic societies.

Translokalitas Budaya Sorkam pada Penggunaan Ruang Untuk Kegiatan Sehari-hari Masyarakat di Perumahan Bumi Yapemas Indah, Bekasi

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Indonesia has various ethnic societies that have been migrated from their origin places and settled in other regions. It also occurs where Sorkam community, a coastal ethnic communities originalle placed in Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra, have moved and settled in Bumi Yapemas Indah Housing, South Tambun, Bekasi Regency. This article discusses how specific ethnic communities lives in a modern gated-community in everyday life. It examines how communities using space in everyday lives and and their cultural forms is maintained in translocal living spaces. By Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis approach, research is conducted with interviews with community leaders and a sample of residents, and also field observation. It is found that the traditional culture of the Sorkam people did not have a direct effect on the architecture and use of space, but the similarity in the culture of the community encouraged the interaction between the rhythms of people's lives. Cultural similarity encourages interaction between the rhythms of people's lives so that the phenomenon of space use is reinforced according to the Eurhythmia concept. The phenomena of using the space include: 1) the emergence of a sense of security and comfort in using spaces 2) utilization of indoor and outdoor spaces as a social space, and 3) adjustment of space according to the culture of the local community. It is hope this article will contribute to the studies of social production of space by specific community.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Digitalization and its simulated consequence (based on sociocultural interaction in institutional communication)

This article attempts to summarize the humanitarian works by domestic and foreign scholars on various aspects of globalization. We conduct a preliminary assessment of the consequences for the institutional environment, intercultural and interlanguage interaction, burdened by a professional component. Digitalization is considered herewith as the main result of globalization processes that implements the “principle of optimality”. Based on the results of scholars' research in the field of humanitarian knowledge, we carried out a content analysis of various types of institutional discourse: marketing, political and educational, on the example of which are shown positive and requiring careful application results of a global turn to digital. As a “symbolic” manifestation of the consequences of global digitalization, relevant for intercultural and interlanguage communication, we put forward hybridization that is implemented at various levels of the language. The article critically analyzes concepts, strategies, and social practices contributing to the digitalization of various types of space: the concept of a “smart city”, image formation strategies, locus branding, practices for creating political identity, etc. Particular attention is paid to the media that help to construct institutional space and form public opinion and the assessment of an event or a phenomenon of surrounding reality. We consider a new type of translation — audiovisual, which has a significant impact on the market of translation services. The latter is due to the increased role of audiovisual content, the use of which allows us to overcome geographical spaces and consolidate various ethnic societies. Particular scientific attention is paid to educational trends. Saturation of the electronic environment with relevant materials largely depends on approaches to training. A benchmark for the formation of universal competence requires a review of a university graduate profile and an assessment of the needs of labour markets. Total digitalization implies the formation of discursive personalities capable of developing an institutional virtual environment taking into account intercultural and interlanguage specifics. The conclusion emphasizes the “many faces” (diversity) of digitalization as a cultural phenomenon.