Ethical Sourcing Research Articles

Commentary: future directions of the service discipline

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to suggest some ways that service scholars can shape the future of the service discipline by building knowledge that is useful to businesses, individuals, communities, institutions, society and the bio-environment. Design/methodology/approach This paper explicitly considers how global trends are likely to influence future research challenges in the service discipline. Then, service research priorities are identified by drawing upon the principles of responsible research in business and management (RRBM) (www.rrbm.net). Findings The paper identifies and analyzes many future service challenges arising from socioeconomic, demographic, technology and service systems, environmental and social changes. These changes are categorized as favorable and unfavorable in their effect on the well-being of people, organizations, society and the environment. Research limitations/implications This paper advocates more study of sustainability in service ecosystems, automation and the nature of service work, inclusion, equality and well-being of service workers; service in subsistence markets and the societal implications of new technology and big data. Practical implications The paper provides guidance for service marketers regarding research questions that are important to society and will need to be addressed by the year 2050. It translates the principles of RRBM into useful approaches to service marketing challenges that can be followed by all service researchers. Social implications This paper discusses important societal issues such as individual and societal needs for privacy, security and transparency; the ethical sourcing and treatment of service workers and the impact of service actions on environmental outcomes. Originality/value The conceptual framework integrates knowledge about service research in a new way, with insights for future service researchers, managers and public policymakers.

Biomedical Ethics and Human Rights in The Context of Innovation and Information Development of Society

The article is devoted to the issues of biomedical ethics and human rights in the conditions of innovation and information development of society. The factors of the emergence of modern biomedical ethics under the evolution of biology and medicine, including innovative technologies. Under "biomedical ethics," the branch of knowledge is considered, which is a system of ethical and legal norms that regulate relations in the field of biomedicine, a set of moral principles, norms and rules that medical professionals should observe in the course of professional activity. Sources of biomedical ethics are singled out: national legislation in the field of medicine; international medical law regulating legislation; international ethical (deontological) codes containing recommendations on medical ethics; national ethical (deontological) codes of professional ethics of medical staff. The basic functions of biomedical ethics are disclosed: informational, axiological (value), communicative, preventive. The issue of ratification by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of international acts as a condition for ensuring the protection of human rights is explored. The expediency of adopting a special law "On the Protection of Patients’ Rights", which determines the legal, economic and organizational foundations for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of patients, including biomedical ones, is substantiated. The need to overcome the gaps in the legislation of Ukraine by unifying and developing concepts in the field of biomedicine, the normative consolidation of ethical requirements for medical staff and the implementation of biomedical research and medical practice, as well as the responsibilities of patients, is emphasized. The emphasis placed on the need to improve the domestic health care model through the introduction of a public-private partnership in healthcare. The importance of creating a system of organizational and legal measures to improve control over the implementation of laws and regulations on the observance of the legality of processing personal data through the establishment of rules of legal responsibility, the provision of the use of electronic services in order to implement the rights of patients, the development of criteria-signs of the concept of "personal data". The prospect of further research on biomedical ethics and human rights through the improvement of legal theory and legal practice is determined. It is concluded that fundamental human rights should remain the basis for solving existing ethical and legal problems in the field of biomedicine.

Song Neo-Confucian Conceptions of Morality and Moral Sources (Zhu Xi): Connections with Chan Buddhism

In this study of ancient Confucian, Neo-Confucian (School of Principle) and Chan Buddhist ways of thinking about morality and the moral agent, my main objective is to trace changes relating to the nature and foundation of Confucian moral thought that occurred during the Song dynasty, through a parallel reading of Neo- Confucian writings and the Platform Sutra. By using the hermeneutical method and comparative textual analysis, the essay provides evidence that these changes reflect the Chan influence on Neo- Confucianism and embody a specific Neo-Confucian spirituality. The following concepts and themes articulate the theoretical framework of the research: the moral agent and moral agency; the heart-mind, authentic nature, and the principle of coherence; types of morality (substantive and procedural); and interrelatedness, oneness and purity.

Where do these cadavers come from?

Cadaveric surgical courses are highly useful in developing operative skills, however, the provenance of the cadavers themselves remains opaque. Trade in cadaveric parts is an important source of material for courses, and this has spawned the unique service of body brokerage. Body brokers, however, operate in an unregulated market and obtain bodies by exploiting family members' altruistic instincts and financial concerns. Unethical and illegal sale of body parts has been well-documented, while the use of cadavers for uses other than that consented by donors is also a key concern. Undoubtedly, cadaveric surgical courses would have used bodies sourced from brokers, and questions remain about the moral and ethical implications of this. We discuss this issue using an ethical and historical context as well as offering solutions to ensure the ethical sourcing of cadavers for surgical training.

Building An Islamic Feminist Liberation Theology For Women In Prostitution

Nowadays prostitution tends to be regarded as a moral problem. This claim, in fact, oppresses women in prostitution. Women in prostitution then are regarded as sinners, dirty, and damned. This stigmatization in fact cannot solve the real problem of prostitution, and has made it difficult for women in prostitution to return to society. Based on historical, social and cultural research on prostitution, it can be found that prostitution is a structural problem. Structurally, women in prostitution are victims of poverty, discrimination against women, and domination by patriarchal culture. Stigmatizing women in prostitution nowadays cannot be separated from religion as source of morality. The false interpretation of religion often happens because theology is constructed from a dogmatic-textual orientation. Based on this theology, women in prostitution, of course, are blamed and claimed to be sinners. This perception makes women in prostitution who are oppressed become more oppressed. Based on this problem, then, theology needs to be reconstructed. By considering social and cultural analysis, theology need not become in the future so alienated from actual problems. To support the literary data, field research will be conducted, that is in Pasarkembang, a centre of prostitution in Jogjakarta. To collect data from this field, I will use convenience samples for interviews of women in prostitution. The interview questionnaire is included in the appendix. The interview questions will be based on existing research with the intention of connecting the local situation to theory in liberation theology. Interview questions will be quoted in text to illustrate structural aspects of prostitution. This field study proposes to learn about the presence of structural aspects of prostitution in Islamic society in Indonesia. In investigating Islamic theology, some points can be addressed. The main point is that the situation of many women in prostitution nowadays is analogous with slavery in Muhammad’s day. If we look at al-Qur’an wholly, we will understand that Islam actually wanted to eradicate slavery gradually. Some verses even explicitly forbid people to enslave women. The last step of liberation theology is praxis. In considering the steps within praxis, the insights of Islamic theology, can do best praxis for liberating women in prostitution. But, women in prostitution have also to be included in this praxis. The role of women in prostitution as subjects is very important if they are to liberate themselves.

KONTEKSTUALISASI PEMBELAJARAN PAI BERBASIS KEHIDUPAN

Islamic education learning to date has not shown significant results. Islamic education learning tends to be theoretical and unrealistic with life. The implementation of religion is more symbolic ritual. Islamic religious education should be able to create individuals capable of applying Islamic values in every aspect of life. This classic problem is urgent to find a solution, because Islam is a source of values, ethics and outlook on life of every Muslim community. Islamic education contextualization efforts are absolutely necessary in educational institutions. So reorienting the learning approach that oversees and gives birth to output that can contribute to the environment becomes important to do in the world of education. This paper presents a solution to the existence of life-based Islamic education learning. Life-based learning is a learning approach that forms a contextual-integrative-holistic learning environment. One of the efforts made in implementing this approach in Islamic education learning is that in addition to the curriculum it must be designed based on the needs of students who have unique, characteristics, and potentials as well as different developments and dynamics.Islamic education curriculum is also designed with the perspective of local and global excellence, while the teacher is the curriculum executor who will oversee and print students according to educational goals. In this case the teacher requires standards of academic qualifications and competence.

Light in Dark Places: The Hidden World of Supply Chain Fraud

Interorganizational fraud, or fraud that occurs between organizations, is a critical component of supply chain fraud and supply chain relational risk, yet empirical evidence on the scale of interorganizational fraud and its antecedents remains scant. Despite its hidden nature, interorganizational fraud can have major implications for supply chain performance. Based on the theories of transaction cost economics, agency theory, and the fraud triangle, widely used in accounting and auditing research, five potential antecedents of supply chain fraud are considered and compared with reported losses due to interorganizational fraud. The data collected via a survey questionnaire with a sample of 151 supply chain employees in manufacturing demonstrate that informants estimated median losses due to interorganizational fraud to be 9% of their firm's total revenue. The most common types of fraud reported include product quality fraud, pricing/invoicing fraud, and corruption. Using a two-step generalized method of moments technique for estimation, the results found that transactional complexity, competitive pressures facing the supply chain, and weak firm ties were significantly related to interorganizational fraud, and that supply chain monitoring and ethical sourcing were not significantly related to interorganizational fraud. These findings contribute to the research on relational risk, supply chain risk management, and opportunism.

Alisher navoi wisdom is a source of ethics

Alisher navoi wisdom is a source of ethics

Сквозь призму культурных трансферов:Бергсон и философия в Германии

The article discusses some of the principles of cultural transfer methodology, de­veloped by Michel Espagne and Michaël Werner, in which much attention is paid not to the influence of one culture on another, but to multifaceted intercul­tural interactions. This method, which emerged in the early 1980s in the field of the study of Franco-German intellectual contacts, showed its productivity in other areas of research. The author of the article moves from this broad topic to its narrower aspect: demonstrating how this approach is applied in the book by Caterina Zanfi “Bergson and German Philosophy. 1907‒1932”. This paper presents for the first time a broad picture of the reception of Bergson’s philo­sophical ideas in Germany and, conversely, the comprehension by the French thinker of the views of his German colleagues and the critical judgments ad­dressed to him, which later affected the development of the concept of “Two Sources of Morality and Religion”. In this sense, the experience of the First World War played a large role, when a surge of nationalist sentiments led to the complete cessation of mutual contacts. Narrowing the subject even further, the author considers, as one of the illustrative examples, some of the results of a study conducted by Western historians of philosophy on the intellectual dialogue between Bergson and Scheler, which influenced the views of both philosophers.

The problem of educating multilingual person in Kazakhstani university

The topic of this paper considers multilingualism to have many social, psychological and lifestyle advantages for younger generation. Problem Statement. The article analyses the emphasis on multilingual education in Kazakhstan universities. Educators in Kazakhstan know the value of being multilingual and promote learning several languages because it will have positive cultural impacts on students. Purpose of the Study. This study is aimed at investigating a set of problems of forming a multilingual person in educational system in Kazakhstan and conducting an experiment for educating multilingual teachers who know foreign languages and traditions of their nation. Research Methods. The authors used theoretical, methodological, informational and analytical methods to justify the results of experiments of forming a multilingual person in Kazakhstan universities. Theoretical method is used to analyze theoretical and pedagogical literature concerning this problem. Experimental method and method of mathematical processing of research results were also used. Findings. Our experimental investigation has shown that future teachers follow national traditions by enriching themselves through ethno cultural spiritual and moral sources. Conclusion. The results of the research conducted in Western Kazakhstan state University named after Utemisov M. indicated that the process of learning national Kazakh traditions by future teachers encourages the formation of multilingual competence. The field of application the results. The article can be used in the development of lectures on theory and methodology of professional education, pedagogy of institutions of higher education, methodology of teaching native language, as well as in pedagogical work of teacher of philology at school.

Satellite applications in diamond exploration and mine monitoring

SYNOPSIS Satellite-based applications for the monitoring of diamond exploration, operational mines, and post-closure mine sites is gaining traction. A variety of imagery is used to detect both kimberlite and alluvial deposits. Hyperspectral data is utilized mainly for primary deposits, and elevation models for secondary deposits. The data is used to constrain the exploration and ground truthing efforts, resulting in savings on both cost and time. Operational mines benefit from near-real-time monitoring of mining and related activities, including include environmental and security aspects. Satellite imagery can also be used to detect illegal and artisanal diamond diggings, with particular value for ethical sourcing validation in the supply chain. Post-closure monitoring of dumps and rehabilitation reduces the on-site presence of staff. The limitations of satellite applications are related mainly to the cost of obtaining images and the resolution or number of bands available on a detection platform. Keywords: remote sensing, satellite, monitoring, diamond, exploration, kimberlite, alluvial.

도덕성의 원천으로서의 감정과 그 교육적 의의: 찰스 테일러의 『자아의 원천들』의 논의를 중심으로

도덕성의 원천으로서의 감정과 그 교육적 의의: 찰스 테일러의 『자아의 원천들』의 논의를 중심으로

Textual resources in the classroom: the challenge of integrating critical approaches

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on teachers’ and students’ use of textual resources offline and online in two Grade 6 classrooms. Using analysis of video recordings, the paper presents the ways in which the textual resources are used, and what critical approaches emerge within the teachers’ and students’ repertoires of teaching and learning. We then investigate what characterizes these repertoires and discuss consequences and possibilities for students’ own learning talk in relation to critical approaches and with regard to diversity and participation. The analysis reveals that it is when students ask authentic questions or respond to their teachers’ or peers’ reflections, that critical approaches appear in relation to content, the surrounding world and themselves. Drawing on the results, we argue that these critical approaches can be deepened in relation to ethical issues, source criticism and redesign, and regardless of whether textual resources are online or offline. Since Swedish national curriculum standards have contributed towards a greater focus on knowledge outcomes, we are concerned that processes of meaning making and criticality might be downplayed. We believe that one of the biggest challenges for future education is how criticality can be linked to teaching and learning in dialogic ways.

IDENTIFYING ISLAMIC VALUES ON GREEN ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT: QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES TO CONTENT ANALYSIS

The paper investigates to explore Islamic religious values which related to environment Maintaining environmental balance is the primary human task. Besides, religious belief is a source of ethics and morality. It is a guidance of truth for making decisions before taking action influencing humans’ behavior towards perceptions and behavior in maintaining and preserving their environment. This study employs a quantitative approach by conducting a content analysis aiming to understand every word (text) related to land, water, and air through the interpretation of the Quran. This research will produce several criteria as the basic concepts for the development of Islamic values-based green architecture.

The Tension and Synergy of Ethical Sources in The Relations of Lecturers and Students in Indonesian Universities

Higher education is expected to be a place to nurture youth or young generation who is strong, devoted to God and able to work for humanity. However, this highly trusted institution still faces ambiguous ethical issues that are shown by the mental attitude and behaviour of lecturers and students, such as plagiarism, sexual harassment and other immoral acts. Various incidents of ethical violations can be found in private and public universities, which are affiliated with certain religions or not. This research investigates the source of ethical considerations which underlie the relationship between lecturers and students in realizing their spirit and dignity as academic community. This research was conducted in four cities, namely Yogyakarta, Jakarta, Surabaya and Ruteng, using a qualitative approach, with the interview method and FGD to gather information. The ethical framework theory of Ibn Miskawayh and Immanuel Kant is used to analyze the data found. The results showed a variety of ethical sources referred by lecturers and students in carrying out their participation in higher education; the most widely referred sources are informants from religion, culture and objective rationality. The data also shows the existence of this ethical reference contestation, for example in the case of violations of sexual ethics, the male and the lecturers are more advantageous than students and women because cultural ethics is more in favour of men. Although all universities studied have a professional code of ethics, the ethical integrity of individual lecturers and students is no less important to be strengthened.

QUOTES FROM THE FABLES OF IVAN ANDREEVICH KRYLOV IN RUSSIAN SPEECH (The 250-th anniversary of the birth)

The article is devoted to some questions of functioning of quotation units from I.A. Krylov’s fables (actually quotations, literary images, winged expressions and phraseological units created on their basis). The author's word is considered from the standpoint of intertext dynamics, taking into account the complex problems of intertext derivation associated with variation, normative mobility, frequency, segmentation, associative activity, polydiscursivity, diversity and inconsistency of illustrative contexts, types of intertextile contaminations on the background of the phraseological contamination. Intertexual energy of the fable, within the terms of the Russian verbal culture, directed from the source of morality as the foundation works to engage in explicit or implicit citation of the fragments, correlated with the narrative escorts, consequential historical events and the development of a variety of structuralsemantic paradigms and based on a specific organization of the units used. Description of intertext units can be focused on two ways of accounting and processing of material. First, it is an appeal to the “nuclear” part of the circle of verbal culture. The number of works of an author is usually relatively small, but a large number of authors themselves. In the dictionaries of the winged expressions as a whole is represented by about 50-60 dictionary entries of Krylov. Secondly, there may be publications on the intertext potential of one author, when taken into account almost all or almost everything that goes beyond the source text, the number of dictionary entries increases significantly, which allows to determine the status of the author’s idioms in the intertext picture of the world. In this case, it becomes possible to understand the citation in the broadest sense as the use of the author’s word outside the author’s text. The revised citation heterogeneous unity: idioms, actual quotes, often playing off of segments of these unities, literary images. Intertext dynamics is a functional condition for the life of this material. It is primarily numerous changes frazeological modeling, segmentation, dispersion, associative movement. It is significant that the past two centuries have shown consistent continuity and significant typological similarity in a series of endless uses of the fabled word Krylov.

Piotr Kropotkin i ewolucyjne źródła moralności

Piotr Kropotkin był najważniejszym przedstawicielem tzw. darwinizmu rosyjskiego oraz teorii pomocy wzajemnej, która podkreślała znaczenie współpracy wewnątrzgatunkowej w procesie doboru naturalnego oraz walki o byt. Na jej kanwie rosyjski badacz wysunął tezę o ewolucyjnych źródłach moralności, będącej problem badawczym w niniejszym artykule. Stanowi to jednocześnie powód dlaczego poza przedstawieniem wspomnianej tezy i jej założeń, w publikacji zilustrowana została także teoria pomocy wzajemnej. Zaproponowana przez Kropotkina wizja moralności suponowała, iż stanowi ona „przyrodzoną” właściwość ludzkiej natury. Podstawę dla niej stanowić ma instynkt społeczny oraz jego przejawy, takie jak: równość, solidarność, sprawiedliwość, itd., a także pomoc wzajemna. Stawiało to propozycję rosyjskiego darwinisty w opozycji wobec dominujących trendów w myśleniu o ludzkiej moralności na przełomie XIX i XX wieku, zwłaszcza wobec tzw. darwinizmu społecznego i charakterystycznego dlań dualizmu moralnego. Ponadto zrywała z antropocentryzmem zakładając, iż poza gatunkiem ludzkim, także inne gatunki cechują się uczuciami moralnymi.

Intelligent Design of Inclusive Growth Strategies

Improving corporate engagement with society, as advocated in the Business Roundtable’s 2019 statement, should not be viewed as a zero-sum proposition where attention to new stakeholders detracts from delivering shareholder value. Corporate programs for sustainable and ethical sourcing practices, however, have fallen far short of solving the underlying causes of extreme poverty, extensive use of child labor, and threats to the environment and human health. We identify several causes to explain this disappointing shortfall in societal performance, including traditional company policies and incentives that inhibit the implementation of innovative, inclusive growth strategies. We propose the role for a new actor, a catalyst, to help companies forge new relationships with external funders, local intermediary companies, NGOs, and community leaders. The catalyst aligns the multiple stakeholders from multiple sectors into enduring, mutually- beneficial relationships that produce more value than that currently produced when stakeholders connect only by transactional relationships. The catalyst attracts funding from public and private sources to invest in the new ecosystem, which can generate attractive financial returns while alleviating poverty and environmental degradation. Finally, the catalyst engages the multiple participants to collectively co-create explicit strategies and scorecards of metrics, which serve to motivate, create accountability, and enable an enduring governance model for a multi-stakeholder ecosystem.

동아시아 윤리학에서 도덕성의 두 근원

동아시아 윤리학에서 도덕성의 두 근원

Legal and ethical basis of the interaction of provisors (doctors) with public control subjects of the quality assurance of medicines at the stages of their sale and medical use

Modern domestic public activism as a phenomenon that has become widespread relatively recently, creates new challenges for the pharmaceutical sector of the health care branch. Legal and ethical aspects of the interaction of pharmacists and doctors with public control subjects of the quality assurance of medicines remain insufficiently studied, which causes a lack of awareness on these issues among pharmacists and doctors, and therefore errors in interaction with representatives of public organizations, the media or community activists.
 The aim of the work was the scientific substantiation of the legal and ethical basis of the interaction of pharmacists and doctors with public control subjects of the quality assurance of medicines at the stages of their sale and medical use in Ukraine.
 To obtain the results of the work, library-semantic, formal-logical and structural-functional methods, methods of comparative legal and technical-legal analysis of legal and ethical, doctrinal and journalistic sources in the chosen direction were used.
 The work identifies public media control and public monitoring as the forms of public control of the quality assurance of medicines at the stages of their sale and medical use most closely related to the workplaces of pharmacists and doctors.
 It has been established that the legal basis for the interaction of pharmacists (doctors) and journalists, as subjects of public media control, is determined by the Constitution of Ukraine, scattered groups of regulatory and protective legislation. The ethical basis of such interaction is determined by generally accepted ethical standards, sources of professional pharmaceutical (medical) ethics, sources of professional ethics of journalists.
 It has also been established that currently in the current legislation of Ukraine there are no separate or special requirements defining the mechanism of interaction between pharmacists (doctors) and public activists who carry out appropriate public control in the form of public monitoring. It was determined that the concretized methods of lawful and ethical interaction of pharmacists (doctors) with journalists and public activists, as subjects of public control of the quality assurance of medicines at the stages of their sale and medical use, require further research.
 The paper proposed promising areas for improving the legal and ethical mechanisms for realization public control of the quality assurance of medicines at the stages of their sale and medical use by creating a special legislative and ethical-regulatory basis for this type of activity; introducing specialized training in mastering relevant legal and ethical competences for pharmacists (doctors) and for public controllers, which can be either pharmacists (doctors) or any other caring person; introduction of the institute of public inspections to the quality assurance of medicines at the indicated stages of their life cycle, carried out by public inspectors who have passed the specified training.