Role Of Ethics Research Articles

Reification and assent in research involving those who lack capacity

In applied ethics, and in medical treatment and research, the question of how we should treat others is a central problem. In this paper, I address the ethical role of...

Ethical Leadership Role in Job Embeddedness and Job Involvement ‎

The aim of this article is to verify the relationship between ethical leadership (EL) and job embeddedness (JE) and job involvement (JI) in charity organizations in Erbil province, Iraq. Also, identifying the role of ethical leadership in enhancing job involvement and job embeddedness. The data were collected by questionnaire distributed to 320 staff working at charity organizations in Erbil, Iraq. The data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS 26 to test the hypothesis of the study. The outcome of this article showed a positive relationship between EL and JE and JI. Also, there is a positive effect between the EL and JE. The implication of the study point to the essential role of ethical leadership in changing employees’ attitudes positively toward job involvement and satisfaction.

Artificial moral experts: asking for ethical advice to artificial intelligent assistants

In most domains of human life, we are willing to accept that there are experts with greater knowledge and competencies that distinguish them from non-experts or laypeople. Despite this fact, the very recognition of expertise curiously becomes more controversial in the case of “moral experts”. Do moral experts exist? And, if they indeed do, are there ethical reasons for us to follow their advice? Likewise, can emerging technological developments broaden our very concept of moral expertise? In this article, we begin by arguing that the objections that have tried to deny the existence (and convenience) of moral expertise are unsatisfactory. After that, we show that people have ethical reasons to ask for a piece of moral advice in daily life situations. Then, we argue that some Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems can play an increasing role in human morality by becoming moral experts. Some AI-based moral assistants can qualify as artificial moral experts and we would have good ethical reasons to use them.

Rethinking Faculty as Street-Level Bureaucrats: Exploring the Role of Ethics and Administrative Discretion in Contemporary Higher Education

Within the past two years, the COVID-19 pandemic and political intervention in higher education has highlighted the need to reconceptualize higher education administration. This work addresses the roles faculty currently serve and how their ethics guide discretion while acting as the engagement point and makes the case that the group should be characterized as street-level bureaucrats. The article uses a theoretical analysis to provide support that faculty’s place as street-level bureaucrats is changing due to political and ethical demands. The article provides evidence for a redefinition of faculty’s role and suggests implications for the change.

Hans Jonas’s reflections on the human soul and the notion of imago Dei: an explanation of their role in ethics and some possible historical influences on their development

ABSTRACT Throughout his career, Hans Jonas has reflected on the notion of the human soul and on the concept of man being created in God’s image. A careful analysis of his writings reveals that (approximately) from 1968 he changed his perspective on these topics. Before this year, Jonas used some Gnostic myths to speak about the image of man in relation to God and was concerned that referring to the immortality of the human soul or to the notion of imago Dei could lead to dualistic or pseudo-Gnostic interpretations of the natural world. From 1968 (when Jonas published an article for an American Jewish journal) he started to underline the importance of the Judeo-Christian notion of imago Dei (from the book of Genesis) for his ethical project. Subsequently, he used this concept (derived from the Bible rather than from Gnostic texts) in support of his ethical approach to show the special role that God assigned to humanity to act as a steward of His creation. This article presents the development of Jonas’s contributions on these issues over time, their importance in relation to his ethical project and how he was influenced in the development of his perspective on this subject.

Comprehensive Filling of Structural Elements of Value-Deontological Competences of Future it Specialists

The modern information society requires from future IT specialists not only technical expertise, but also a deep understanding of the ethical and value aspects of their professional activity. This article is devoted to the study of value-deontological competences in education and training of future information technology (IT) specialists. An analysis of the importance of meaningful filling of the structural elements of the studied competencies: axiological and deontological for future specialists in information technologies has been carried out. The article discusses the need to include ethical issues in training programs for information technology specialists and the meaningful development of its aspects. The role of ethics, professional responsibility and deontology in the work of IT specialists is considered in the light of the growing influence of technology on society. Some of the key issues addressed in the article include: the impact of technology on society and the need for future IT professionals to understand this impact and the importance of value orientations and professional ethics in working with users' data and personal information. The concept of "axiological knowledge" and "deontological knowledge" is substantiated, and the content of these concepts in the structure of value-deontological competencies of the future IT specialist is clarified. The impact of the basic values of the individual in solving ethical conflicts and making responsible decisions in the field of information technologies is highlighted. Measures to integrate value-deontological aspects into the educational process for the training of future IT specialists are substantiated. This article helps to understand the importance of developing not only technical, but also ethical competences, basic values in the training of young IT specialists, contributing to increasing their professional responsibility and making a positive contribution to the development of the information society.

Monetizing of ethics in the digital economy

This article examines the role of ethics and morality for businesses and consumers in the digital economy. The authors argue that companies that adhere to ethical principles build a positive reputation and gain customer trust. The paper describes various approaches to monetizing ethics and morality in the digital economy, such as creating ethical products and services, embedding ethical practices in business operations, and promoting social responsibility. The authors note, however, that incorporating ethical categories into business planning and practice is challenging for several reasons, such as the rapidly changing technological landscape, unresolved legal issues, inertia in decision makers' thinking, and others. The authors predict that in the future the integration of ethical and moral principles into business will be driven by increased regulation and changing consumer behavior. The authors draw attention to the need for further research and observation in this area to understand the processes taking place and to form a set of tools for the effective promotion of ethical practices and social responsibility in the digital economy.

THE EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT BREACH ON COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR MEDIATED BY JOB SATISFACTION AND MODERATED BY ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS

The study provides empirical evidence on the mediating effects of job satisfaction (JS) and the moderating role of Islamic work ethics (IWE) when counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) is predicted by psychological contract breach (PCB) in the context of the public ministries of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The researchers used selfadministered questionnaires to collect data from 256 managers. The data gathered was analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results confirmed IWE as a moderator between PCB and JS as well as JS being a positive mediator in the PCB–CWB relationship. However, the direct relationship between PCB and CWB was insignificant. Based on these results, we point out the theoretical and practical implications of the study as well as its limitations and our recommendations for further studies.

A Föld tragédiája : Néhány megjegyzés az éghajlatváltozásról a kortás német nyelvű színházban

This study explores the intersection of climate change and contemporary German-speaking theatre. The paper delves into the challenges posed by climate change and species extinction, emphasizing the need for presenting facts and fostering commitment. Drawing parallels to ancient Greek tragedies, the author examines the dramaturgical potential of political theatre to address the "tragedy of the earth" and instigate essential changes. The study covers various aspects, including the presentation of scientific facts and scenarios, the role of reason and ethics in theatre, the portrayal of Gaia (Earth) on stage, and the call for action in the tradition of Brecht and contemporary theatre. The exploration extends to the use of masks, the evolving nature of postdramatic and post-human theatre, and the challenge of representing nature and Gaia within traditional dramatic forms. The author concludes by discussing the ongoing search for an adequate theatrical form to address the tragedy of climate change and species extinction, emphasizing the role of drama and theatre in helping humanity navigate these challenges.

Human Development as an Actor of Institutional Building: Case Study Ministry of Public Services and Human Resource Development

The research take Human Resource development in its work, how employees could be developed in term of training. The article explained the origin for starting human resources development during the early period of those who were concern with employee’s productivity, they include scientific and socialist theorist; the examples of those philosophers were Frederick W. Taylor and Elton Mayo. The research defined human resource development according to different writers; who were emphasizing that there should be scientific approach in the recruitment process and training, and progressive development of workforce to improve their skills of productivity. Also the research takes into account the contemporary development of scientific technology and information technology which necessities the continuing human resource development and institutional building. Article has explained the establishment of Ministry Public Service and Human Resource development; that include the organization structure of the Ministry. The research has taken into consideration the concern for the institutional development in term of improving structural units and capabilities which has impact on effectiveness and efficiency of organizations. The Research included the methods of training, feature, of human resource development, and benefits of training of human resource; that involve workers improved better productivity, team work spirit, increase organization stability, reduced accidents, and reduced equipment damage. In discussion and analysis of finding study indicate all positive aspect and majority agreement for important for human resource development and institutional building. The researcher has some observations and recommendations furthermore the researcher recommend for further study on Ethical Behavioral Roles on government public Services.

Inefficiency of Financial Markets and Paths to the Development of a Modern Financial Theory

The purpose of this work is to examine new avenues for developing financial theory, including the role of ethics and cognitive psychology. This paper explains the Inefficiency of the financial markets and the paths to the development of a modern financial theory. Compliance with Islamic ethics means embarking on a far-reaching reform to transform the dominant financial model and tackle socio-economic objectives; it means pursuing life's broader aspirations, such as cooperation and solidarity. Similarly, investor emotions, such as over-confidence and optimism, affect investor behaviour and are implicated in their investment choices. Exploring these new avenues of finance means deciphering the behaviour of financial market participants, and thus shedding light on the decision-making process of financial investors. The aim is to see how psychological appeals and ethical attitudes have come to occupy an undeniable place in finance. More specifically, the aim is to explain the factors contributing to the emergence of Islamic finance and behavioural finance and to analyse how the limited efficiency of financial markets marks the starting point for these approaches and thus the development of modern finance. By allowing the use of financial capital, this finance makes itself available to the real economy and serves it. Its growth and development will have favourable repercussions on the entire socio-economic system. The key is to focus on projects and investments that are in line with the prerogatives of behavioural finance and ethics. This is a solution to the inefficiency of the financial markets, as it will result in better performance.

Doing Justice to Solidarity: On the Moral Role of Mutual Support

The value of solidarity, which implies mutual concern and support, is often conveyed in our everyday moral and political language. But what is its conceptual relationship with justice? Influential positions in this debate may argue for the opposition between the two concepts: justice is impartial and universal, while solidarity is partial and limited. The present paper aims to shortly explore a range of theories that may exemplify possible answers to this position, from communitarian and realist views, which ultimately confirm the opposition, to political solidarities, which claim an instrumental need for solidarity as a reaction to injustices. Special attention will be paid to Habermas’s compatibilist account of solidarity as the “reverse side” of justice. The paper contends that a compelling answer should preserve the difference between the two spheres and the essential features of solidarity by also sketching a concept of solidarity as a social duty arising from our moral interdependence.

(Nie)widoczna obecność starych kobiet w międzywojennej prasie dla Polek

The issue of old women was not a priority topic in the press. It appeared indirectly, most often when describing other social issues. It accompanied the problems of social exclusion due to gender, age, financial condition, education, and professional status. Three separate images of old women emerged on the pages of the interwar press for Polish women. Firstly, there was the image of a matron, that is a dignified married woman, a mother, a tireless social activist who skilfully combined sacrificial work for the benefit of the family and the interests of the community. The figure of a matron was identified with noble features of a woman who demanded a lot from herself, becoming a moral role model for other women. In turn, in the image of the old lady, there was a tendency to show a younger, modernized version of the matron. The lady was ready to introduce innovative elements of family, social and professional life. She knew how to modernize the work of social associations. The third image contained the representation of poor, lonely, hopeless old age. It reflected the vision of an old woman who experienced material poverty, unemployment and homelessness.

The Role of Individual Ethics and Organizational Culture in Maximizing Company Profitability

This study aims to determine the role of individual ethics and organizational culture in maximizing organizational profitability. This study uses the library research method, where the study is based on the opinions of experts on individual ethics and organizational culture in maximizing company profitability. Individual ethics and organizational culture can be improved in quality to maximize company profitability. This can have an effect on a micro and macro scale by providing short and long term effects for all elements and the company's environment

The role of values and ethics in influencing consumers’ intention to use autonomous vehicle hailing services

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a major revolutionary trend leading to a long-term transition in mobility. Despite the uncertainty and controversy over AV ethics, however, little attention has been paid to the role of consumer ethics in their decision-making process for adopting AVs. By adopting behavioral reasoning theory (BRT), this paper investigates the antecedents and mechanisms influencing consumers’ intention to use AV hailing services from the perspectives of personal values, reasons, and ethics. Based on a survey from an online sample platform, this study finds that consumers’ ethical attitudes to AVs (i.e., using EVs is ethical or not) is influenced by personal values (such as openness to change and security value) and their reasons for and against AVs. Further, consumers’ intention to use AV hailing services can be influenced by their ethical attitudes and the reasons for and against AVs. This study contributes to the literature on the adoption of AI-empowered smart products or service by revealing the role of consumer ethics as a key mediator in consumer decision-making processes. The results provide important public policy and managerial implications on regulating and managing the adoption of AVs.

RESTRICTION OF THE FREEDOM OF WILL OF INDIVIDUALS BY MORAL NORMS

moral norms date back centuries. In a specific time and space, morality took a higher place than codified legal norms. The devel- opment of law has led to the fact that today codified acts have a predominant place in legal proceedings, although due to the im- portant place of moral rules in society, the legislator did not deny its importance in the Civil Code of Georgia. On the one hand, taking into account the role of morality in so- ciety and reinforcing its importance with the Civil Code is a posi- tive fact, however, on the other hand, it is important to assess how correct it is to reinforce it in its current form, as well as how much power it gives the court in order to limit the fate of transactions con- cluded within the autonomy of the will of individuals. While the consideration of moral rules should respond to the demands of society, its abstract and unclear content creates the possibility of excessively restricting the freedom of individuals when concluding a contract with the norms of morality unknown to a person. By discussing the selected issue, it becomes possible to analyze and evaluate the challenges and problems in Georgian litigation. The question to be discussed is: is the strengthening of morality a positive factor, or it can negatively affect the fate of the deals made by the autonomy of the will of individuals and limit their freedom.

Ethics in the professional practice of imaging specialists

Introduction: During professional practice, it is absolutely necessary that ethics and Imaging complement each other as fundamental sciences. Objective: Describe the role of ethics in Imaging for the proper development of professional practice. Methods: In June and July of 2023, an electronic search for publications and systematic literature reviews was conducted using Google Scholar and the electronic databases PubMed, Medline, and SciELO. The following descriptors were used: "ethics and medical ethics", "Imaging", and "ethics and Imaging". A total of 56 sources were reviewed in the databases mentioned above. Out of these, 31 bibliographic references were used.Results: Imaging specialists, like other healthcare professionals, must adhere to ethical duties that include respecting privacy, maintaining privileged communication, confidentiality, and obtaining informed consent. Professionals in the field often face ethical conflicts during their practice. Therefore, it is crucial that they are technically and scientifically prepared to handle such situations. This is especially important when dealing with medical-legal imaging and the ethical dilemmas that may arise. It is essential to pay close attention to the indication of imaging studies, particularly when they do not provide any benefit to the patient. Conclusions: Imaging specialists who are involved in patient care must adhere to ethical standards governing the practice of the profession

Misinformation and Disinformation in Food Science and Nutrition: Impact on Practice

Food and nutrition are popular topics in the media and on social media. The ubiquity of social media has created new opportunities for qualified or credentialed experts in the scientific community to connect with clients and the public. It has also created challenges. Health and wellness gurus, or self-proclaimed experts, utilize social media platforms to garner attention through compelling narratives, build audience followings, and influence public opinion by sharing (often) misleading information about food and nutrition. The consequence of this can be the perpetuation of misinformation, which not only undermines a well-functioning democracy but also diminishes support for policies that are science or evidence based. Nutrition practitioners, clinician scientists, researchers, communicators, educators, and food experts need to encourage and model critical thinking (CT) to participate in our world of mass information and mitigate misinformation. These experts can play a vital role in the evaluation of information about food and nutrition against the body of evidence. This article explores the role of CT and ethics of practice in the context of misinformation and disinformation by providing a framework for engaging with clients and offering a checklist for ethical practice.

PLATO'S PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICAL EDUCATION AS A WAY FOR CANDIDATES FOR INDONESIAN LEADERS

This study aims to review the formulation of an educational program to prepare prospective leaders with Plato's political philosophy of education in the midst of the problems of learning in Indonesia which is limited to rote practice so that it pays less attention to students' reasoning. Especially in this democratic regime, students lack moral role models because many state officials commit corruption. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative with the type of literature study (library research), so that the source of the data obtained comes from the text. Data sources are divided into two, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data is The Republic Plato, while secondary data includes books, journals, magazines, mass media, and articles relevant to the title of the discussion. Data from various sources will be processed analytically descriptively regarding Plato's political education philosophy, then integrated with the 2013 curriculum, then conclusions are drawn. The result of this research is that the main target of Plato's philosophy of political education is the soul, so the educational program (paideia) to prepare future leaders implies an artificial (mimesis, imitation) obtained through mousike and gymnastics to direct thumos. The soul always follows what is directed. Mousike, gymnastics, and dialectics are a paidia (game) which is a combination in the educational process.

Islamic Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Millennial Workers: The Role of Islamic Leadership, Workplace Spirituality, and Islamic Work Ethic In Central Java, Indonesia

<p>The objective of this study examined the influence of islamic leadership and workplace spirituality on organizational citizenship behavior among the millennial generation muslim employees in Central Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, the research also examined the role of islamic work ethic on organizational citizenship behavior. The questionnaires were distributed to Muslim millennial employees in Central Java in order to conduct a survey. For this study, a sample of 500 respondents was purposefully chosen, and 435 of those responses were returned and used. The variables and items were assessed using a five-point Likert scale. The data were further analyzed with multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that there is a significant positive effect of spiritual leadership and Islamic work ethic on organizational citizenship behavior. However, the study also found workplace spirituality does not influence organizational citizenship behavior. This study provides an understanding of the work behavior of the muslim millennial generation. This study will provide good insight for the organization to understand the role of Islamic leadership, workplace spirituality, and Islamic work ethic on organizational citizenship behavior among the millennial generation muslim employees in Central Java, Indonesia.</p>