Role Of Ethics Research Articles

Absolutization of human rights as a threat to the statehood and the welfare of society. Part II. The human dignity as a source of human rights

The article is devoted to the investigation of the question what a real source of human rights is, and, in particular, is it the human dignity?The authors say that honour and dignity may not be recognized as the features of the abstract human. It was emphasized that, according to the law of unity and struggle of opposites, honour and dignity may not exist without their antipodes, such as dishonor and unworthiness. The authors say that the attributing of honor and dignity to any person nullifies the role of morality and leads to the ethical degradation of society.The authors write that the World Religions (in particular, such as Buddhism, Christianity and Islam), which made a significant contribution to the formation of human civilizations, assess human nature as «sinful». So, it means that the concept of the human rights, which is based on the ideas of the human dignity, contradicts to the worldview and philosophical grounds of the main civilizations of the world. Some attention also was paid to the opinions of the philosophers of the previous ages (such as N. Machiavelli, T. Hobbes, F. de La Rochefoucauld, Ch.L. de Montesquieu and others) on the matter of the essence of the human nature, dignity and honour.The authors say that the monarch is officially recognized as the fount of honour is the states with the monarchical form of government. So, if the human dignity is the source of the human rights, in fact, the source of both these categories is the state. It was noted that the majority of the citizens of any state has no any state awards and insignias from the head of the state, but is does not mean that they do not have any rights. So, the honour and dignity are not the source of the human rights.The authors say that the honour and dignity of the human is not an undoubted fact, but they are only a rebuttable presumption. It means that the modern concept of the human rights, which is based on this rebuttable presumption, in fact, is very shaky.The authors say that the level of the material and spiritual development of the society on a certain stage of its history, as well as the state, which fixes the human rights in the official sources of law and protects them from the possible violations, are the real sources of the human rights, etc.

Does Ethical Voice Matter? Examining How Peer Team Leader Ethical Voice and Role Modeling Relate to Ethical Leadership

Does Ethical Voice Matter? Examining How Peer Team Leader Ethical Voice and Role Modeling Relate to Ethical Leadership

The Role of Professional Ethics in the Implementation of Financial Management in Companies

<p>This study aims to analyze ethical violations in corporate financial management by analyzing several cases that have occurred in Indonesia. The role of professional ethics in the application of financial management is a field of finance which is a broad and dynamic field. This field directly influences the life of every person and organization concerned. Business ethics is the basis of ethics in the economy or in business and for all stakeholders to avoid deviating from the economy and achieving goals or seeking profit, so we must master economic, legal, ethical and moral perspectives to achieve the desired goals. The conclusion in this article is that efforts to overcome problems that exist in the organizational or corporate environment related to violations or fraud committed by employees and company leaders involved in them have not been properly organized and the examples of cases of violations stated above have not been followed up by authorities. The perpetrators are now rampant so that efforts to overcome the problem of ethical violations must be directed at increasing the sense of corporate responsibility towards society as a whole.</p>

Hegel’s Bellicis View of War. Mature Works

In “The Phenomenology of Spirit” and “Philosophy of Right”, Hegel gives a detailed specification of the theses about the war that were claimed in earlier papers and manuscripts, but his position is not fundamentally changed. In the “The Phenomenology of Spirit” Hegel advocates governments’ need and right to initiate a war from time to time in order to prevent both the isolation and atomization, and let individuals feel the death. As in the past, the war, as Hegel says, has a moment of ethical life. In the “Philosophy of Right” Hegel introduces final deliberations about war that rely on ideas of his earlier paper about natural law even more than in the “The Phenomenology of Spirit”. Hegel emphasizes the ethical role of sacrifice in the war and expresses opinions critical of not an abstract perpetual peace but a concrete philosophical project of Kant. Due to Hegel, Kant’s perpetual peace does not resemble a perpetual deception, since the required union of states is elusive and none except the world spirit in the world history can be a praetor. In line with Heraclitus, Hegel maintains that wars underlie the nature of things. I contribute to the discussions of Hegel scholars if Hegel’s philosophy glorifies a war or not as follows: I substitute the term “glorification” with the term “bellicisme” that suits better to measured, not snobbish and deprived of certain historical implications Hegel’s theses about reasonableness, necessity, the ethicality of war and ethicality of perpetual peace illness.

Penyalahgunaan Peran Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) dalam Electoral Misconduct pada Pilkada di Indonesia

This study was conducted through a literature review method (library research), gathering, analyzing, and organizing data from previous research sources such as scientific articles, journals, and books. The focus of the research is on the misuse of the role of Civil Servants (ASN) in electoral misconduct during the 2020 Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) in Indonesia. This phenomenon encompasses the politicization of bureaucracy through the misuse of the ASN's role by the candidates for regional head. Findings indicate that the practice of Electoral Misconduct results in the misuse of the ASN’s role, which affects the integrity and objectivity of the ASN, leading to violations of the bureaucratic apparatus code of ethics. Despite the existence of established sanctions, both light and severe, ASNs are still involved in practical political practices. This involvement occurs due to temptations like bonds of brotherhood and promises of a better career. Although Government Regulation (PP) Number 94 of 2021 has been issued to maintain the neutrality of ASN, there is still potential involvement in unethical practices. The study also found that this behavior reflects the misuse of the ASN’s role and degradation of morality and ethics within the bureaucracy. The close relationship between politicians and bureaucrats becomes a central challenge, often determining the success or failure of governance. This dynamic is exacerbated by the dominance of pragmatic and materialistic values that overshadow ethical and moral principles.

Norms or fun? The influence of ethical concerns and perceived enjoyment on the regulation of deepfake information

PurposeDeepfake information poses more ethical risks than traditional disinformation in terms of fraud, slander, rumors and other malicious uses. However, owing to its high entertainment value, deepfake information with ethical risks has become popular. This study aims to understand the role of ethics and entertainment in the acceptance and regulation of deepfake information.Design/methodology/approachMixed methods were used to qualitatively identify ethical concerns and quantitatively evaluate the influence of ethical concerns and perceived enjoyment on the ethical acceptability and social acceptance of deepfake information.FindingsThe authors confirmed that informed consent, privacy protection, traceability and non-deception had a significantly positive impact on ethical acceptability and indirectly influenced social acceptance, with privacy protection being the most sensitive. Perceived enjoyment impacts the social acceptance of deepfake information and significantly weakens the effect of ethical acceptability on social acceptance.Originality/valueThe ethical concerns affecting acceptance behavior identified in this study provide an entry point for the ethical regulation of deepfake information. The weakening effect of perceived enjoyment on ethics serves as a wake-up call for regulators to guard against pan-entertainment deepfake information.

Impact of Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility on Ethical Evaluation of Earnings Management and Motivation to Use It

In this paper, earnings management is analyzed in the light of stakeholder theory in order to evaluate earnings management ethics. The main reasons for using earnings management are studied and systematically arranged in the context of stakeholder theory. An assumption is made that together with other motives mentioned in the literature, perceived role of ethics and social responsibility may not only influence ethical evaluation of earnings management, but also impact use of earnings management in accounting practice. The results of a study on impact of perceived roles of ethics and social responsibility on ethical evaluation of earnings management, carried out among accountants providing professional services in Lithuania, are presented in this paper. The ethical evaluation of earnings management has been found to depend on its type. Accrual-based earnings management is seen as more unethical than real earnings management. It also reveals that accountants' belief that business ethics and social responsibility are less important is a motivation for the use of manipulative accounting.

Personalizing Personalized Medicine: The Confluence of Pharmacogenomics, a Person's Medication Experience and Ethics.

Truly personalized precision medicine combines pharmacogenomics (PGx), a person's lived medication experiences and ethics; person-centeredness lies at the confluence of these considerations. A person-centered perspective can help inform PGx-related treatment guidelines, shared decision-making for PGx-related therapeutics and PGx-related healthcare policy. This article examines the interplay between these components of person-centered PGx-related care. Ethics concepts addressed include privacy, confidentiality, autonomy, informed consent, fiduciary responsibility, respect, the burden of pharmacogenomics knowledge for both the patient and healthcare provider and the pharmacist's ethical role in PGx-testing. Incorporating the patient's lived medication experience and ethics principles into PGx-based discussions of treatment can optimize the ethical, person-centered application of PGx testing to patient care.

The Impact of Social Responsibility and Organizational Accountability on the Performance of Public Librarians in Iran

A Review of: Soltani-Nejad, N., Jahanshahi, M., Karim Saberi, M., Ansari, N., & Zarei-Maram, N. (2022). The relationship between social responsibility and public libraries accountability: The mediating role of professional ethics and conscientiousness. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 54(2), 306–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/09610006211014260 Objective – To determine how librarians' perceptions of public libraries' social responsibility and accountability within society affect their professional ethics and conscientiousness. Design – Quantitative, survey questionnaire. Setting – Public libraries in Iran. Subjects – Survey respondents (N=362) were public librarians* (see note below). Methods – The authors created a theoretical model based on six separate hypotheses, describing the relationship between the following variables: corporate social responsibility, organizational accountability, professional ethics, and conscientiousness. A questionnaire was distributed to the participants. SPSS 21.0 was used for the analysis of demographic data and SMART PLS 3.0 was used to assess the theoretical model. Main Results – The results show a significant, positive, and direct relationship between the variables being studied (corporate social responsibility, organizational accountability, professional ethics, and conscientiousness), therefore confirming the relevance of the authors’ theoretical model. Conclusion – The results of this study demonstrate the importance of promoting the social responsibility and organizational accountability efforts of public libraries. The data suggest that doing so will strengthen the positive perception of the library amongst employees, which will in turn have a positive effect on their professional ethics and conscientiousness. The authors suggest that library managers need to create a culture of accountability and ethics within libraries. They can do so by incorporating ethics and social responsibility in decision-making and policies. Additionally, the authors propose that professional ethics training in library curricula and continuing education would provide librarians with the knowledge necessary when encountering ethical dilemmas on the job.

Care Living

My inquiries into the poetics of Jamaican women’s aliveness enter through the space of care ethics and the dimensions of my own poetry. In my work, I syncretize Caribbean feminist praxis, resistance, creativity, collective catharsis, spirituality, imagination, community, friendships, kinships, and knowledge. In this crucible of being, care ethics and aliveness are not simply experienced as forms of decolonial resistance. Nor are they reduced to a mere disruption of intersecting oppressions. Rather, they are resources, continuously connected within and around each of us, forming the basis of our flesh, blood, spirits, and dreams. While aliveness and care ethics challenge inter alia, our most chaotic, tense, and violent experiences, they also go beyond these forces to become deep expressions, of what I call, the poetics of Jamaican women’s existence, healing, and release. To develop this framework, I draw on Kevin Quashie’s (2021) exploration of “Black aliveness” (p. 1), to argue (in poetic form) that Jamaican women’s aliveness is not simply the antithesis to death, but that which can address vital questions about the ethos of Caribbean feminist theory and praxis. As Quashie explains, Black aliveness is “the invocation of a black world [and] is the operating assumption of black texts, a world where blackness exists in the tussle of being, in reverie and terribleness, in exception and in ordinariness. This black world is not one where the racial logics and harming predilections of antiblackness are inverted but one where blackness is totality, where every human question and possibility is of people who are black…. Since blackness cannot exist fully, humanly, in the world, we will imagine a world where the condition of being alive is of us. In a black world, the case of our lives is aliveness; not death, not even death’s vitality, but aliveness” (p. 1-2 &12). Guided by the above statement, I articulate this concept in the context of Jamaican women’s lives, illustrating how, through a poetic reflection on care ethics and Jamaican women’s aliveness we can “imagine a black world so as to surpass the everywhere and everyway of black death, of blackness that is understood only through such a vocabulary,” (p. 1). I argue that we can experience this through the, as Quashie puts it, “quality of aliveness notable in the worldmaking aesthetics of poems…in how those poems…can be read for what they tell us about our being: about how we are and about how we can be” (p. 2). The questions guiding my poetic inquiry are as follows: 1) What is the role of care ethics in the context of Jamaican women’s multiple acts of living? 2) How can the concept of “care” support and/or challenge our efforts to analyze the role of religion, ancestry, motherhood, land, and food in Jamaican women’s lives? 3) What are the possibilities of studying this association between care ethics and aliveness through poetry?

Paternalism and autonomy: psychotherapists’ choices in dilemmas and their justifications as ethical aspects of the therapeutic relationship

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse solutions to ethical dilemmas based on the criterion of “paternalism-autonomism” in the context of psychotherapists’ professional experience and therapeutic modality. Another aim was to review the sources of choices of ethical decisions from the perspective of the “intuitiveness – ethical reflection” dichotomy, and to assess the percentage of ethical, ambiguous, and non-ethical justifications of solutions preferred in those ethical dilemmas. Method: It was a cross-sectional qualitative study. An original questionnaire describing three exemplary clinical and ethical dilemmas combined with a multiplechoice questionnaire containing recommended solutions to the presented dilemmas was employed in the study. The responses were correlated with the modality of psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioural, psychoanalytic-psychodynamic, psychodynamic-systemic, systemic, integrated) and the professional experience of therapists. The statistical analysis included questionnaires obtained from 191 respondents. Results: Statistical data indicate the general advantage of autonomous decisions in the entire group of therapists, regardless of their professional experience. A significant advantage of autonomic solutions over paternalistic solutions was demonstrated in all analysed therapeutic approaches with the exception of the cognitive-behavioural approach. Moreover, a statistically significant majority of psychotherapists reported the use of ethical reflection when choosing the solutions to the discussed dilemmas. A comparison of the total number of selected justifications revealed a significant advantage of ethical justifications over ambiguous and non-ethical ones, regardless of the professional experience of therapists and in all modalities except the psychoanalytic-psychodynamic and psychodynamic-systemic types. Conclusions: The principle of respect for autonomy plays an important role in the professional ethics of psychotherapists, and the preference for ethical considerations and justifications when choosing solutions to practical ethical dilemmas indicates a potential benefit of incorporating ethics into the professional training of therapists.

The Role of Morality, Self-Control, and Deterrence in Tax Evasion: A Test of the Situational Action Theory

ABSTRACT Situational action theory holds that crime occurs when it is perceived as a viable course of action and when there is a conflict between personal morality and the moral norms of the setting, being self-control and deterrence decisive. In this paper, the propositions of situational action theory are tested in the decision to evade taxes. Based on a survey completed by 1638 adults and containing two tax evasion scenarios, the present study investigates whether a person’s moral rules, degree of self-control, and deterrence influence the propensity to tax evasion. Multivariate statistical analyses were performed. The results show that the propensity to tax evasion is higher among men, the elderly, and the employed. Regarding the predictions of situational action theory, the results suggest that morality, self-control, and deterrence influence the propensity to evade taxes. However, contrary to expectations, morality does not moderate the commission of tax evasion and does not interact with self-control. Overall, the results only partially support the propositions of situational action theory.

The Elusive Third Way? The Role of Positive Morality in Recognizing Wrongs

The Elusive Third Way? The Role of Positive Morality in <i>Recognizing Wrongs</i>

The Role of Ethics in International Business

International business occurs one of them because of the inability of a country in meeting all the needs of its country, therefore came the idea of establishing cooperation between one country and another country. this research aims to find out the role of ethics and social responsibility in international business. this research uses a qualitative approach that describes and outlines the role of ethics and social responsibility in international business. the data collection technique used in this research is a literature study, where the study is conducted by collecting data related to research derived from books, scientific journals and other publications that deserve to be a source of research. the results of this study show that ethics and social business responsibility have the same role that aims to improve the company's image and develop the company. a business will not be able to develop without the role of consumers, because the main purpose of the company besides benefiting is to be able to attract consumer interest and gain the trust of consumers and business partners.

The Emergence of a New Business Approach in the Fashion and Apparel Industry: The Ethical Retailer

This study sought to examine new marketing ethics (ME) practices that can foster strong moral grounding in the fashion and apparel retail firms to delineate a new approach within this industry. We built on the distributive justice and stakeholder orientation literature to conduct a multi-case study with 15 self-proclaimed ethical fashion and apparel retailers to identify whether and how they differ from traditional and fast fashion retailers. Several data collection techniques were used to gather the evidence (i.e., direct observation, physical and online interviews) combined with a netnographic approach (i.e., online observation of websites and social media content). Our findings show that these firms are guided by ethical-centered values, which are reflected in their product components, purpose, communication practices, and sourcing practices, which point to the emergence of a new business approach. We contribute to the macromarketing literature by identifying a new perspective on the role of morality in ME based on distributive justice principles and stakeholder orientation. We also propose a more refined definition of ethical fashion and apparel retailers.

Why did Trump call prayers politically correct? The coevolution of the PC notion, the authenticity ethic, and the role of the sacred in public life.

Trump's crusade against PC played a key role in his political rhetoric and resonated well among his supporters, yet his notion of PC differed greatly in meaning from earlier uses of the term and was used to denounce a much wider range of socio-political behaviors. Based on a systematic analysis of Trump's use of this notion, I identified five main normative propositions organizing Trump's anti-PC rhetoric. Viewed together, these propositions add up to a rehabilitation of White working-class culture but also outline an emerging late-modern version of the authenticity ethic, whose power extends far beyond the working class. This ethic (as manifested in Trump's anti-PC rhetoric) transforms the role of morality and the sacred in political drama and in symbolic struggles over social worth. Rather than presenting his commitment to moral values, ideals, and allegedly-universal rules, Trump used anti-PC rhetoric to expose and criticize the symbolic self-interests of others who speak on behalf of these values, rules, and ideals to claim superiority (and thus ironically mimicked the sociological critique of symbolic violence to legitimize bigotry). Yet, the sacred is not completely banished from political drama: authenticity as a principle of worth guiding moral evaluation and argumentation is revealed as a sacred in denial. The case of Trump's anti-PC rhetoric thus allows theorizing the implications of the authenticity ethic for the dynamics of social struggles over recognized worth and for the role of ideals in the presentation of self in politics and beyond.

The truth project paper one-how did victims and survivors experience participation? Addressing epistemic relational inequality in the field of child sexual abuse.

The last 30 years has seen an exponential increase in Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiries. One feature of these has been to place adult survivor voices at the center of Inquiry work, meaning that child abuse victims and survivors are engaging with Inquiries, sharing their experiences, with this participation often presented as empowering and healing. This initiative challenges long held beliefs that child sexual abuse survivors are unreliable witnesses, which has led to epistemic injustice and a hermeneutical lacunae in survivor testimony. However to date there has been limited research on what survivors say about their experiences of participation. The Truth Project was one area of work of the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse in England and Wales. It invited survivors of Child Sexual Abuse to share their experiences including the impacts of abuse and their recommendations for change. The Truth Project concluded in 2021 and heard from more than 6,000 victims of child sexual abuse. The evaluation of the Trauma Informed Approach designed to support survivors through their engagement with the project was a mixed methods, two phase methodology. A total of 66 survey responses were received. Follow-up interviews were conducted with seven survey respondents. The Trauma Informed Approach was found to be predominantly helpful in attending to victim needs and minimizing harm. However, a small number of participants reported harmful effects post-session. The positive impacts reported about taking part in the Truth Project as a one-off engagement challenges beliefs that survivors of child sexual abuse cannot safely talk about their experiences. It also provides evidence of the central role survivors should have in designing services for trauma victims. This study contributes to the epistemic justice literature which emphasizes the central role of relational ethics in the politics of knowing, and the importance of developing a testimonial sensibility when listening to marginalized groups.

A Data Fusion Framework for Multi-Domain Morality Learning

Language models can be trained to recognize the moral sentiment of text, creating new opportunities to study the role of morality in human life. As interest in language and morality has grown, several ground truth datasets with moral annotations have been released. However, these datasets vary in the method of data collection, domain, topics, instructions for annotators, etc. Simply aggregating such heterogeneous datasets during training can yield models that fail to generalize well. We describe a data fusion framework for training on multiple heterogeneous datasets that improve performance and generalizability. The model uses domain adversarial training to align the datasets in feature space and a weighted loss function to deal with label shift. We show that the proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance in different datasets compared to prior works in morality inference.

A Conceptual Framework For Employee Performance In The Islamic Hospitality In Indonesia

Background – There are pressures experienced by Islamic hospital employees in Indonesia who are exposed to negative workplace gossiping and toxic leadership has an effect on the performance of Islamic hospital employees in Indonesia. These problems can be minimized by applying an Islamic work ethics in order to improve the employees performance of Islamic hospital in Indonesia.&#x0D; Purpose – The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of employees at the Indonesian Islamic Hospital.&#x0D; Design/ Methodology/ Approach – This study uses the COR basis in analyzing phenomena and research findings. The population of this study was medical staff throughout the Indonesian Islamic Hospital. The number of samples was determined using the Isaac equation table so that a total sample of 300 respondents was obtained. Retrieval of data using questionnaires that are distributed online. Measurement data uses answers Strongly Agree, Agree, Netral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree, with a rating scale of 1 to 5 Data processing uses the SMART PLS3 application.&#x0D; Findings – The findings of this study revealed that staff performance at the Indonesian Islamic Hospital is significantly impacted by toxic leadership negative workplace gossiping, and islamic work ethics. This can be seen from the results of the discriminate validity test and the final results of Smart PLS3 data processing.&#x0D; Conclusion – The study's findings are consistent with another study that found that Indonesian Islamic Hospital employees perform better when they adhere to islamic work ethics has a significant positive effect on Employee Performance. Meanwhile, toxic leadership and negative workplace gossiping significant negative effect on employee performance at the Islamic Hospital in Indonesian.&#x0D; Research Implication – The results of this study are expected to be input for managers in Islamic Hospitals in Indonesia, especially knowing the effect of Islamic work ethics, Toxic Leadership, Negative Gossip in the Workplace on employee performance as an intervening variable, becoming learning material and applying knowledge in the field of management, especially in the field of management of human resources and can be an additional reference for further research and as a consideration for Islamic Hospitals in Indonesia which are facing similar problems.&#x0D; Research Limitations – The results of this study can be an opportunity for further research development by focusing on more specific target respondents and adding variables that have a role in Islamic work ethics, toxic leadership, and negative workplace gossiping to improve employee performance at the Indonesian Islamic Hospital.

“Becoming Head-gear Is of the Utmost Importance”: Gender Performance, Social Differentiation, and the Codes of Hat Etiquette in Dombey and Son

“Becoming Head-gear Is of the Utmost Importance”: Gender Performance, Social Differentiation, and the Codes of Hat Etiquette in Dombey and Son Chen Houliang (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution “Profound Cogitation of Captain Cuttle,” by Hablot K. Browne (“Phiz”), frontispiece to Dombey and Son, London, The Caxton Publishing Co., 1910. [End Page 138] In Everyday Etiquette: A Practical Manual of Social Usages (1905), Marion Harland and Virginia Van De Water spill much ink on hat etiquette. Although the heyday of hat wearing was waning to a close when the book was published, the authors still admonish their readers: “Becoming head-gear is of the utmost importance” (168). Indeed, hat wearing is so central to the nineteenth-century British schemas of identity performance and social differentiation that, as Michael Paterson notices, “[n]o man or woman during the whole of the nineteenth century would have dreamed of going out with their head deliberately uncovered if they could afford not to–indeed to be seen hatless in the street would be considered a sign of eccentricity if not downright madness” (190). For the Victorians, hat wearing was anything but a trifling matter, and one could never be too careful about hat etiquette. Knowing what type and style of hat one should wear, as well as where, when, and how it should be worn, constitute key points of Victorian propriety. If the significance of hat wearing in the Victorian era is difficult for us to appreciate today because we no longer deem hats an essential part of dress, Charles Dickens’s Dombey and Son (1848–49) provides for us a window into Victorian people’s everyday practices of hat etiquette, and more importantly, their function in the Victorian codes of gender performance and social differentiation. References to hats and other headgear abound in the novel: from Captain Cuttle’s hard glazed hat to the Welsh wig worn by Sol Gills, Mr. Toodle’s oilskin cap, and Mrs. Skewton’s peach-colored velvet bonnet. Sometimes they are depicted in detail, sometimes only mentioned briefly, but always they are imbued with gender and class implications. As Clair Hughes argues, these “significant trifles” can be used as “a key to the ‘whole,’ [End Page 139] a way into the life of the past” (119). In her essay “‘It Is the Hat that Matters the Most’: Hats, Propriety and Fashion in British Fiction, 1890–1930” (2017), Charlotte Nicklas “examines the ways in which British novelists used references to women’s hats to explore issues of etiquette, character and social change” (90). While Nicklas’s work is inspiring, it does not cover fictions that predate 1890, among which Dombey and Son deserves special attention, not only because of the ubiquity of references to hats in the novel, but also because of the centrality of hat performance in Dickens’s representation of the gender and class schemas of Victorian society. In “Dickens’s Immaterial Culture of Hats and The Pickwick Papers” (2011), Mark M. Hennelly has made a comprehensive study of hats in Dickens’s novels, including Dombey and Son, particularly hat moments related to Florence and Captain Cuttle, but still there remain a lot of issues regarding hats in the novel untouched by Hennelly and deserving further exploration. While Hennelly provides an overview of “a ‘diffusion of hats [and] bonnets’ that perform proverbial, idiomatic and slang, class, gender, moral, psychological, and popular-culture roles” in the Dickensian world (77), I will focus on details in Dombey and Son that are related to hat etiquette, so as to explore how the Victorian cults of bourgeois masculinity, feminine respectability, as well as class identity are exposed by Dickens through his realistic, though sometimes melodramatic, dramatization of everyday practices of hat wearing. I argue that, while hat etiquette is generally performed to regulate gender and class division, and hence works to reinforce the Victorian cults of bourgeois masculinity and feminine respectability, it also creates emotional and cross-class links between people. Particularly, I commend Mr. Toots, whose performance of bourgeois hat etiquette, though outwardly clumsy, actually indicates more democratic codes of dress. Captain Cuttle’s Glazed Hat and the Victorian Ideal of Bourgeois Masculinity The Victorian era...