Moral Ideas Research Articles

Conceptualising the Role of Deservingness in Migrants’ Access to Social Services

This ‘state-of-the art’ article on the role of deservingness in governing migrants’ access to social services situates our themed section’s contribution to the literature at the intersection between the study of street-level bureaucracy and practices of internal bordering through social policy. Considering the increasing relevance of migration control post-entry, we review the considerations that guide the local delivery of social services. Among others, moral ideas about a claimant’s worthiness to receive social benefits and services guide policy implementation. But while ideas of deservingness help to understand how perceptions of migrants’ claiming play out in practice, we observe limited use of the concept in street-level bureaucracy research. Drawing on theorisations from welfare attitudinal research, we demonstrate the salience of deservingness attitudes in understanding the dynamics of local social service delivery to migrant clients.

S. Bobrov’s Poem «Ancient Night of the Universe, or the Wandering Blind» and the Concept of Russian Freemasonry of the XVIII–Early XIX Centuries

The purpose of the article is to study the poem «The Ancient Night of the Universe, or the Wandering Blind» by Semyon Bobrov from the viewpoint of the doctrine belonged to Russian Freemasonry of the 18th –early 19th centuries. It is based on a combinationof mystical, esoteric, Christian (Orthodox) and en-lightening ideas which allowed this movement to organically fit into the socio-cultural context of the pre-romantic epoch. The analysis of the poem as a philo-sophical, allegorical and esoteric text, in turn, has revealed Russian Freema-sonry’s specificity consisted in the close interaction of various religious, philo-sophical and ethical systems. The special eclecticism of S. Bobrov’s thinking is reflected in the onto-logical, epistemological and axiological problems of the poem and expressed at all levels of the poetic text such as ideological-thematic, figurative, composi-tional and poetological ones. «Dreamy mysticism», consonant with the pre-romantic worldview, creates a general atmosphere of mystery in thepoem and serves as the basis for the image formation of Nesham, the main character, as well as a system of symbols (an eye, a ray, a circle, a temple, a mirror, an oil lamp, etc.). Moreover, S. Bobrov builds the poem structure according to the cat-egories and principles of esoteric thinking like universal correspondences, liv-ing nature (the world as a «chain of being»), mediation and imagination, trans-mutation and concordance. At the same time, a special place in the poem is occupied by the ideas of inner freedom and morality, mercy and compassion, which testifies to the poet’s closeness to Orthodox culture. S. Bobrov’s human-istic orientation, special interest to the category of intellect and attention to epistemological problems testify an «enlightenment» trace in the poet’s worldview. Thereby, the combination of heterogeneous religious, philosophical and cultural concepts in S. Bobrov’s work can be explained by the poet’s close-ness to Russian masons of the 18th –early 19th centuries.

Class Consciousness and Ideology in the Communist Manifesto

Class consciousness and ideology are two key concepts within the Marxist theoretical tradition. The prominence of these concepts within Marxism presents something of a paradox, however, for Marx and Engels scarcely mention them in their writings. One text that does contain several theses and claims relevant to the topics of class consciousness and ideology is the Communist Manifesto. A careful reading of this document reveals that Marx and Engels regard several ideas as integral to proletarian class consciousness (contrary to the claim, notably defended by Ralph Miliband, that they refuse to delineate the content of this consciousness). These ideas include the belief that the proletariat and bourgeoisie have antithetical, irreconcilable interests; the belief that private property must be abolished; and the belief that the proletariat must strive, as a class, for self-abolition. As for the topic of ideology, the Manifesto supports the view, forcefully defended by Joseph McCarney, that ideology involves, from the Marxist point of view, thought which serves class interests. A careful reading of the Manifesto not only illuminates the Marxist notions of class consciousness and ideology, but also enables us to understand the status of moral ideas (beliefs, values, principles, etc.) in Marxist political thought: such ideas constitute ideological phenomena and, from a Marxist perspective, positive ideological phenomena, to the extent that the class interests they serve are those of the proletariat.

The manifestation of the spiritual, moral ideas in the teachings of khoja ahmad yassawi and sulayman baqirghani

The manifestation of the spiritual, moral ideas in the teachings of khoja ahmad yassawi and sulayman baqirghani

Is the World Redeemable? Anarchic Cosmopolitanism and Nation States in Franz Rosenzweig’s Messianism

Abstract Although in a sense a follower of both Isaiah and Machiavelli, Rosenzweig did not share their perception of a conflict between idealism and realism in human experience. His Star of Redemption advances a theory of the redemption of the world inspired by both Isaiah and Machiavelli, and at the same time critical of both of them – a theory in which ethics and politics are strongly connected but where ethics renounces the opposition to history and historical laws, and politics renounces the opposition to ethical ideas.

Tracing Colonial Maternalism Within the Gendered Morals of Humanitarianism: Experiences of Migrant Women at the Moroccan-Spanish Border

By bringing together two sets of qualitative fieldwork conducted in 2016 and 2017 with humanitarian organizations and migrant women on the two sides of the Eastern Moroccan-Spanish border, this article examines the ways in which women humanitarians exercise power over women’s lives, bodies and mobility. Though humanitarianism in the border context has been researched at European and United States-Mexico borders, the specifically gendered implications of humanitarian governance at borders needs further investigation. Drawing on interviews and participant observation with a religious humanitarian organization on the Moroccan side of the border and with medical humanitarians and social workers on the Spanish side, we researched women humanitarians’ interventions toward migrant women from West African, North African and Middle Eastern countries. Beyond the differences that characterize these religious and socio-medical humanitarian settings and the different migration regimes in which they are inscribed, we argue that the power exerted by women humanitarians reproduces a form of maternalism underpinned by gendered moral beliefs regarding women’s bodies, mobility and family life. We foreground that such maternalism represents a cornerstone of women’s humanitarian engagement across time and we identify continuities between colonial maternalism, contemporary forms of humanitarian care carried out by women and maternalist integration politics in Western postcolonial societies. Rooted in colonial maternalism, racialized beliefs justified women’s (religious, medical, social) prominent role in intervening in the intimate spaces of women casted as radically Other. Our contemporary case studies demonstrate how the practices of women humanitarians impact on racialized migrant women’s daily lives, intruding on their intimacy, imposing controls over their bodies and impacting on their possibilities for mobility. The article explores how the racialization of migrant women, articulated with moral ideas around women’s reproductive health and mothering responsibilities, produce varied forms of disciplining and control on both sides of the border Moroccan-Spanish border.

DIALEKTIKA MORAL DALAM TEKS SARASAMUCCAYA

Moral values have a sense of urgency in human culture and civilization. As a value, moral is the means to organize life together. Especially in an era of globalization, the world becomes open and bond moral values began to weaken. Society in crisis in all fields and the most severe crisis is moral. Sarasamuccaya as one source of value in Hinduism has a spirit and synergy of the moral, and cultural dialectic. Through the hermeneutics theoretical framework, this paper seeks to interpret and display the ideas of morality in the Text Sarasamuccaya. This discussion will focus on the moral aspect of thought, speech, and behavior. Why? Because in this area the movement of moral values occurs. Thus, Sarasamuccaya, very straightforward, and technical reminds us to always consider every activity of thought, speech, and behavior in order not to deviate from the guidelines of morality. The results of this study indicate that Sarasamuccaya explains morality in three, important areas, namely thoughts, speeches, and behaviors.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ДУХОВНО-НРАВСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ ВО ВНЕУРОЧНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

Currently, a significant concern of the Russian society is the distortion of spiritual and moral ideas and behavior of the younger generation. The concepts of kindness, sensitivity, mercy, justice, and love are blurred; material relationships are dominant; selfishness, cynicism, and the cult of power are becoming commonplace. All this gradually passes from the background characteristics into the content of children's lives, steadily deforming their moral appearance. Primary school children are particularly vulnerable in this regard, as they are the most vulnerable to the negative impact of the social environment. Educational scientists have found that there are different opportunities for the formation of spirituality in children at different age periods. Spiritual and moral ideas form the core of the personality, have a beneficial effect on all aspects and forms of human relationships with the world: on its ethical and aesthetic development, worldview and formation of a civil position, Patriotic and family orientation, intellectual potential, emotional state and General physical and mental development. In this regard, the issue of forming spiritual and moral ideas in younger students is one of the key problems facing every parent, teacher, society and the state as a whole. This is the relevance of this article.

Deaf cosmopolitanism: calibrating as a moral process

ABSTRACT Cosmopolitanism theory was mostly developed separately from the study of multilingualism: while language is central to cosmopolitanism as a practice, only a few scholars focusing on cosmopolitanism have taken a language-centred approach. We further theorise the relationship between cosmopolitanism and translingual practice with our focus on morality in relation to the use of the semiotic repertoire. The use of resources of the semiotic repertoire in translingual practice is infused with morality in that resources (such as languages, individual signs, mouthing, fingerspelling alphabets) are value laden and have particular associations or meanings in a given context. We explore and define deaf cosmopolitanism by offering examples from three international settings: deaf tourism in Bali, a sign language conference in Brazil, and a Bible translation centre in Kenya. Deaf people engaging in international mobilities align in communication by what they call ‘calibrating’. In this process, mobile deaf people quickly adopt new semiotic resources by engaging in rapid, immersive and informal (sign) language learning, acquiring (bits of) new sign languages, mouthing, written words, and fingerspelling alphabets, and including them in their practice of calibrating. Our analysis centres language ideologies about these practices, demonstrating moral ideas about what strategies and semiotic resources are most appropriate in specific contexts and/or with/by whom.

Ethics in Praxis

As the introduction to this issue makes clear, the ethical exposure essays we include here are the start of an ongoing initiative in the journal—to include focused sections of shorter pieces on critical threads or matters of concern in ongoing RHM work, in this case ethical conundra encountered in practice-level enactments of methodologies. In setting the tone for this special section, we now attempt to parse an “ethics in praxis” that is characterized by situational, embodied, and reflexive orientations rather thanby attributes more common in virtue ethics. This emphasis on praxis allows us to put forward an idea of ethics in and for RHM that is responsive to critique as we articulate it in the overall introduction to this issue: as kairos-driven and attuned to crises as they unfold in the present and as they anticipate and offer opportunities to “play” at various imagined futures.

Sixty-Five Years of the Comparative Education Review: Black Lives Matter, Ethics, New Directions, and New Ideas

Previous articleNext article No AccessEditorialSixty-Five Years of the Comparative Education Review: Black Lives Matter, Ethics, New Directions, and New IdeasBjorn H. NordtveitBjorn H. Nordtveit Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 65, Number 1February 2021 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/712793 Views: 254Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref HistoryPublished online February 10, 2021 © 2021 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Krystal Strong, Sharon Walker, Derron Wallace, Arathi Sriprakash, Leon Tikly, and Crain Soudien Learning from the Movement for Black Lives: Horizons of Racial Justice for Comparative and International Education, Comparative Education Review 67, no.S1S1 (Dec 2022): S1–S24.https://doi.org/10.1086/722487

Historical periodization of the development of standardization and rationing to create an affordable living environment for people with limited mobility

The article is devoted to the topic of creating an accessible living environment for people with limited mobility in urban life. It is based on the timely introduction of norms and standards for the design of an accessible environment, with the help of which the standardization of the formation of living conditions for the qualitative transformation of the environment of a modern person takes place, increasing the level of quality of his life. The purpose of the study: to substantiate the historical periodization of the development of standardization and rationing to create an affordable living environment for low-mobility citizens in Russia. The subject of the study are standards and norms for the design of architectural objects with the formation of an accessible environment for MGN. Material base: the results of scientific research on this topic and the existing regulatory framework in the field under study. Research methods: theoretical – analysis, synthesis, modeling; empirical – study of various sources of information, analysis of received and collected data. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that at present the topic of creating an accessible environment for MGN has acquired special relevance and attention at the international level, since it concerns issues of liberality, equality and humanity, which are among the dominant moral ideas of modern progressive society. The chosen path of research is poorly studied, while there are enough studies in the following areas: features of the formation of an accessible living environment; analysis of the domestic regulatory and legislative framework for the formation of a barrier-free urban environment; development of ways to improve the effectiveness of measures to develop an inclusive environment in the interests of disabled people, etc. In this paper, norms and standards for historical periods in the field of designing infrastructure facilities are considered, taking into account their adaptation to the vital needs of low-mobility citizens. The result of the study is the given justification for the historical periodization of standardization and rationing to create an affordable living environment for MGN on the territory of the Russian Federation.

A Defense of Locke’s Moral Epistemology

In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke provides an empirical account of all of our ideas, including our moral ideas. However, Locke’s account of moral epistemology is difficult to understand leading to mistaken objections to his moral epistemological theory. In this paper, I offer what I believe to be the correct account of Locke’s moral epistemology. This account of his moral epistemology resolves the objections that morality is not demonstrable, that Locke’s account fails to demonstrate the normativity of statements, and that Locke has not provided us with the means to determine the correctness of the moral rules.

Philosophy of Virtues. The Way to Wisdom in Aristotle and Primo Levi

In this article, I aim to investigate the relationship between Aristotle’s ethics and Levi’s idea of ethics based on practical virtues. Understanding the former, in fact, permits us to better comprehend the philosophical undergrowth of the latter. And above all, it permits us to better understand how Levi, who constantly dealt with the ethical and aesthetic difficulty of narrating experience from an empiric and anti-idealistic point of view, used philosophy of virtues and wisdom as hermeneutic keys to understanding life.

Limits and variability of the use of digital forms (tools) in the legal profession and advocacy: approaches and methods

The article deals with the problem of ensuring human control over the digital environment, which penetrates into all spheres of society, and the role of the legal profession in solving this problem. The doctrinal elaboration of the topic of the article is presented by an analysis of the ethical traditions and ideas about proper law practice that have historically developed in the domestic legal profession, which form the basis of the generally accepted theory (methodology) of the legal profession, and are manifested in the use of the method of lawyer control over the state’s compliance with legal norms in the context of the massive introduction of information (digital) technologies that signifi cantly change the forms of implementation of law in Russia. The normative elaboration of the topic of the article is revealed through the analysis of the Concept for the development of regulation of relations in the fi eld of artifi cial intelligence and robotics technologies until 2024, approved in 2020 by the Government of the Russian Federation, which refl ects the basic provisions of the normative regulation of the digital transformation of public relations in our country. The most important aspects of the article are related to the comparison of the government’s risk-based approach and the lawyer’s safe approach to the introduction of information (digital) technologies, taking into account the general situation with IT solutions in Russia and the creation of the Integrated Information System of the Russian Advocacy (IIS RA), consisting of subsystems — digital forms (tools), the development of which is described in the article with an explanation of the transition from plurality (variability) to unifi cation in their use. The article explains the prerequisites for the manifestation of a set of approaches to the creation and use of digital forms (tools) in the framework of the CIS RB: universalization; unifi cation; authenticity; transparency; fi duciary, as well as appropriate methods of working with these tools.

Constitutional Morality and Societal Morality: An impact over Live in Relationship

This paper focuses on the aspect of Constitutional morality and societal morality in the present scenario and its relevance in all the modern societies. As we all know that morality is the very basis of law and therefore a law reflects the idea of morality. The concept of live in relationship is one of the issues which is related to Constitutionality and societal morality. The concept of live in relationship although is a part of Constitutional morality under Article 21 of Indian Constitution, but fails to be within the ambit of societal morality in context of the Indian society. The paper discusses the difference and the relationship between Constitutional morality and societal morality and its impact on live in relationship. As it said that a society grows only if it adapts itself with the changing time and thereby widening the scope of societal morality by accepting the new concept like live in relationship. The goal of this study is to develop a balance between the constitutional and societal morality in order to give recognition to the concept of live in relationship thereby not limiting itself within the principles of morality

Понятие нацистской морали: вызов моральной философии

Thinking about Auschwitz is bound to being moral, but Auschwitz turned into a challenge to the very idea of morality, the collapse of its entire conceptual con­tent. One of the main challenges lies in the concept of Nazi ethic: the prevailing understanding of morality in everyday consciousness and moral rhetory does not allow us to consider it as an oxymoron. This is indicated by abundant moral rhetoric, preoccupation with moral problems, the presence of everything which the idea of ​​morality is connected with – norms, values, the dominance of duty over inclination, appeal to moral imperativeness and conscience, ideas of good and evil, images and lists of virtues, moral evaluation of yourself and others, ideas of duty, dignity, responsibility, the primacy of morality over law. The idea of fighting evil, the image of which is set by the ideology of Nazism, became the moral basis of Auschwitz, reproducing the logic of a “just war”. At the heart of Nazi morality there is the gap between a virtuous person and his deed, which allows that killing does not makes someone a murderer. Killing is also seen divid­edly: the most important are its motives and how it is done, which should be “hu­mane”, clement both for the murderers and for the victims, and therefore morally sanctioned. The author shows that morality is an important part of Auschwitz me­chanics. Nazi morality is not opposed by any other expanded morality, but only by individual actions of rescue, not mediated by moral ideology. Disallowance of the concept of Nazi morality closes the idea of morality to non-killing as a pre-non-moral beginning that is not a norm or a prohibition mediated by moral ideas.

Рабочая программа индивидуальных и групповых коррекционных занятий для обучающихся 5–9 классов с задержкой психического развития «Ступени развития»

The program belongs to the category of “psychological correction of behavior and developmental disorders of students” and is aimed at the development of personal self-regulation and prevention of deviant behavior in adolescents with mental retardation (MR). Adolescents with MR are characterized by “loose” connectivity between the structural components of self-regulation, which manifests itself in a weak interdependence and mutual influence on each other of indicators of activity, reflection, value orientations and moral ideas. The weakest in regulation are reflection, the value of responsibility, value-I, self-guidance and moral ideas. Modern studies of domestic and foreign authors show that children with MR have a high risk of behavioral disorders, which becomes most obvious in adolescence and necessitates targeted correctional work with children of this category. Results of research in 2009 made by T.N. Matantseva showed that adolescents with MR have the potential for personal development and the formation of personal self-regulation, subject to the appropriate organization of correctional and developmental work. Personal self-regulation acts as a functional means of the subject, allowing mobilizing personal and cognitive resources for the implementation of activity and achievement of meaningful goals.

Judicial interpretation: features and practical significance

Judicial interpretation: features and practical significance

О двух экзистенциально-нравственных трендах в философии ХХ века

The article is devoted to two important existential and moral trends ‘Freudian’ and ‘Sartrian’ that, having emerged in the twentieth century, exist today. The authors distinguish the exis­tential and the moral: if the moral is a system of internal and external commands and prohi­bitions, the existential is an individual “life of the soul”, a set of experiences, moods and passions. The existential and moral coincide only partially, and there is a certain separation of the vital-existential from morality in the 20th century: the desire to break out from any given behavioral framework. This was facilitated by secularization, which overthrew the transcendent, which to a large extent served as the foundation of morality. The opposition of the vital-existential principle to traditionally understood morality was expressed, in particu­lar, in the line of praising personal freedom (J.-P. Sartre) and in the desire to liberate per­son’s instinctive and emotionally passionate aspirations from moral pressure (S. Freud). Cer­tainly, Freud and Sartre express an objective cultural transition from tradition to innovation, from the sacred to the profane, from “rigorous morality” to free expression of the will, but at the same time they were intellectuals who, with their formulations and manifests facilitate “struggle against morality” and legitimize it, as a result the new moral concepts based on the idea of “overcoming any boundaries” become common. The existential-vital impulse crowds out the moral prohibitive-imperative system of regulation. The ideas of Freud and Sartre were initially understood by the cultural community as humanistic, but in low culture they were transformed into a protest against any moral and rational restrictions, and rela­tivized moral ideas.