Moral Rules Research Articles

Practices and determinants of urban land governance in Sheger City, Ethiopia

While there have been numerous global discussions on urban land governance, a lot remains to be done and serious urban land related obstacles remain to be overcome. This article identifies the most important governance principles for improving land governance for urban development and growth. The governance principles assessed in this study include participation, responsiveness, efficiency, openness, rule of law, rule of ethics, completeness, innovation, sustainability, sound financial management, sound human rights and accountability. Source of primary data is 458 respondents selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method from the six sub cities and secondary data was collected from policy documents and regional government reports. The governance level is measured by using seven point likert scale and the results reveal that the status of land governance in Sheger City is lower (3.445) than the average level which is 3.5 (50%). Out of the twelve independent variables, the mean score of only four, meaning innovation and openness to change (3.74), openness and transparency (3.68), competence and capacity (3.51), and rule of law (3.52), is more than 50%. The remaining eight variables are below the average, indicating poor land governance in Sheger City. Regarding the determinants, 76.21% of the variation in land governance in Sheger city is explained by the model applied. The highest beta value is registered for responsiveness, and the next highest is for innovation and openness to change. These findings have important implications for policymakers and urban planners in Ethiopia, highlighting the need for continued efforts to improve urban good governance and land management practices to ensure sustainable and equitable urban development.

The influence of European integration on the development of the concept of fair competition in Ukraine

Bona fide and fair competition is a form for implementation of the fairness principlein the economic activity. Fair competition in the modern economic turnover allows takinginto account and coordinating diverse interests of market participants, consumers,and the state, as well as achieving a necessary compromise in their implementation.Providing the legal framework for free and easy implementation of fair competition isone of the leading directions in the state legal policy implementation.Fair competition is the embodiment of certain moral, ethical and socio-historicalideas about good and evil in economic activity, which defines the boundaries of permissiblebehaviour, including competition. Thus, fair competition is the embodiment of moral and ethical ideals of good and justice, and the implementation of the rule of lawprinciple in economic (competitive) legal relations.The study of the problems of legal regulation of fair competition gives us the opportunityto assert that in Ukraine, repeated attempts by legislators and representatives of theAntimonopoly Committee of Ukraine to formulate more or less defined rules of fair competitionhave not been successful. The rules of professional ethics developed by entrepreneursin cooperation with chambers of commerce and industry and approved by the AntimonopolyCommittee of Ukraine, recommendations of advisory bodies and internationalnon-governmental organizations and unions, and judgments of the European Court ofHuman Rights remain an effective mechanism for implementing the principles of goodfaith of participants in competitive competition.The key to effective development of economic relations in Ukraine is the gradual integrationof Ukraine's economic system into the global economic world, which is possibleonly through the unification and harmonisation of the current legislation within theframework of regional and universal trade agreements. For Ukraine, as a candidate countryfor EU accession, it is important to finalise the implementation of European legislationinto the legal system of Ukraine, to decide on the conceptual framework for the protectionof trade secrets and the model of unification of European law affecting the development ofcompetition in certain markets at the national level.

Similarities and differences in morphology, CD31 and CD68 expression of male vs. female sinoatrial node and its surrounding atrial muscle in ageing and obesity

Research purposeThe sinoatrial node (SN) is the main pacemaker site, and it is located in the junctional area of the superior vena cava within the right atrium (RA). The precise micro-anatomy of the SN in males and females in ageing and obesity remains unclear. Basic proceduresHuman SN/RA specimens were dissected from 25 post-mortem hearts (preserved in 4 % formaldehyde solution), under Polish local ethical rules. The SN/RA tissue blocks were embedded in paraffin. Masson's Trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for CD31 (a marker of endothelial cells) and CD68 (a marker of macrophages) were performed. Images at different magnifications were taken and analysed. 12-lead ECGs from 24 patients under Polish local ethical rules were obtained. Heart rate and P wave morphologies from lead II, lead III and lead aVF were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed with the unpaired t-test. Principal resultsHeart weight to body weight ratio was significantly higher in aged obese males vs. their female counterparts. In the RA samples, there was an increase in connective tissue and decreased myocyte content from aged obese females compared to aged obese males. Aged non-obese males had significantly increased cellular hypertrophy than the aged non-obese females. Both the aged obese and aged non-obese females showed more CD3 but less CD68 expressing cells than males. In the SN samples, CD31 and CD68 expressing cells were higher in both aged non-obese and aged obese males than their female counterparts. Major conclusionsAgeing and/or obesity are more likely to impact these cardiac tissues through increased inflammation, increased immune response and hypertrophy.

Ethical requirements for the behavior of a private contractor when performing executive actions

The article analyzes the ethical requirements for the behavior of a private executor during execution of executive actions. It is noted that the activity of a private performer belongs to the socionomic type of professions of the system and is associated with constant interaction with people. Professions of this kind mostly make high demands on a person’s health, physical and mental capacity. They are characterized by a complex combination of direct and indirect labor results, immediate and remote in time. The content of work in these professions is characterized by high emotional saturation of interpersonal contacts, high responsibility for the results of communication, for decision-making. In their activities, private executors are faced with the need to evaluate people’s actions from the point of view of the law. Since they observe the most diverse manifestations of people’s activity in the most crisis situations of their lives and have to decide their fate on the basis of legal norms, this profession carries the highest social significance and responsibility. Attention is focused on the fact that the nature of ethical requirements for the behavior of a private executive during executive actions remains insufficiently clarified. It is indicated that the purpose of the article is to determine the model of ethical requirements for the behavior of a private performer during performance of executive actions according to the rules of professional ethics. It is noted that procedural communication, regulated by legislation, with a private executor should be quick and accessible to the parties. The reception time should be as convenient as possible for the participants of the enforcement proceedings. Ethical principles of professional communication and private communication are considered: the prohibition of undue benefit, ensuring the interests of all parties to enforcement proceedings and the private executor, documenting and recording the actions of the private executor, avoiding conflicts of interest, maintaining confidentiality. Issues of mediation in executive proceedings are being investigated. It is concluded that in the course of his professional activity, a private performer, entering into interpersonal relations with various categories of citizens, is obliged to take into account and use various forms of interactions that comply with the law, rules of ethics and communication circumstances.

Etika penggunaan AI dalam Karya : Pengabdian Masyarakat kepada Komunitas Film linkpictureID di Depok Jawa Barat

The use of AI (artificial intelligence) in a work in the film community is growing very rapidly. The LinkpictureID film community is one of them. Applications that use AI are increasingly being used by the film community. This has a quite important impact considering that there are many things that can be used in the use of AI in a film where it must apply in accordance with the ethical rules that apply in society. The use of AI in accordance with ethical rules in society is formed based on norms. On this occasion, we help the LinkpictureID film community to be able to utilize AI in accordance with applicable norms such as interactive dialogues, the formation of FGDs and presentations by experts in the use of AI in a work. As a result of the service, it is hoped that the creative industries can utilize AI in accordance with the interests of policy makers so that they do not deviate from the norms that apply in the community of Depok, West Java.

Which Golden Rule of Ethics?

Which Golden Rule of Ethics?

Fair Play Principle in Esports

ABSTRACT The aim of the article is the analysis of the principle of fair play which co-creates an axiological basis of contemporary sport as well as its basic moral category. The constituents of fair play are, first of all, responsibility and justice. Both values are central values, connected with each other, and also closely connected with other values inscribed in fair play, e.g. respect, solidarity, care or honesty. The conducted analysis shows that the rules of fair play connected with formal responsibility and justice, i.e. following the rules and caring for the integrity of sport, are constituent for both sport and esports, whereas the rules of fair play connected with acting responsibly, i.e. respect and avoiding victory at all costs, are hard to realise in esports. It results from the fact that contact between the players is digitally mediated. Hence, apart from gestures and verbal communication, display of respect towards a player during a game is impeded, as is still more a spontaneous reaction to his or her being hurt. Also, avoiding winning at all costs is impeded in esports, as activities directed at obtaining victory are built into the content of the game and therefore should be carried out in accordance with the regulations, from the technical and tactical side and according to the possessed skills. However, it is possible to stop the game when the connection with the other player is suddenly interrupted. From a fair-play perspective also the content of some games employed in esports is questionable, as it assumes contesting moral rules, which in turn is at variance with the realisation of integrative, educational and formative functions of esports in society.

Importance application discipline Yāma and Nyāma for yoga trainer in Bali

Background: Application discipline Yāma and Nyāma hold roles crucial for yoga trainers in Bali, good in development personal or professional. Yāma, which includes principles of ethics like ahimsa (without violence), satya (honesty), asteya (no stealing), brahmacharya (control self), and aparigraha (no greedy), purposeful For form moral character and integrity a yoga trainer . On the other hand , Nyāma, which consists from saucha (cleanliness), santosha (satisfaction), tapas (discipline), svadhyaya (study self), and Ishvara pranidhana (surrender to God), focuses on spiritual development and well-being inner. Practicing yoga trainer second principle This in a way consistent. Not only capable of creating an environment practice that is harmonious and conducive, but also plays a role as an example for his students. Method: This qualitative study examines how yoga trainers in Bali apply Yāma and Nyāma. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 25 trainers, participatory observations, and documentation. Thematic analysis was used to identify and interpret key themes related to the application of these principles in teaching and personal development. Findings: Discipline Yāma and Nyāma help coach in controlling emotions, increase concentration, and maintain mental balance, which in turn increase quality yoga teaching. Additionally, implementation​ discipline also supports coaches in undergoing a healthy and sustainable, which is essential in maintaining stamina and energy positive . In Bali, it is known as a spiritual and cultural center, and applications to Yāma and Nyāma become more significant. Culture local rich with spiritual values are in line with the principles of yoga, so it makes it easier to coach For integrate discipline This in life daily. Conclusion: With internalization of Yāma and Nyāma, yoga trainers in Bali can enrich their spiritual experience, enhance professionalism, and deliver a more positive impact to the yoga community. Application discipline This Not only as moral rules, but as road comprehensive, reflective life​ harmony between body, mind, and soul. Novelty/Originality in this Study: This study crosses the line between ancient tradition and modern practice, revealing how the principles of Yama and Nyama translate into the lived realities of yoga instructors in Bali. By investigating the unique intersection of yoga philosophy, Balinese culture, and the global wellness industry, this study provides valuable insights into the adaptation and relevance of spiritual teachings in a contemporary context.

Building a Responsive Legal System Through Reforming the Indonesian Constitution

Legal politics or what is known as policy direction is important in order to provide direction on the form and material of law. However, in a study that examines the problems of law enforcement, in Indonesia, which was studied from a legal sociology perspective, it was stated that developments in the world today often give rise to various problems, whether in the form of violations of norms that exist in social life or rules that have a tendency to create a phenomenon that is contrary to moral and ethical rules as well as legal rules. This paper aims to find out the facts and legal political realities that occur on post-reform legislation in forming responsive laws. Using a normative writing method. The direction of legal politics in post-reform Indonesia is the desire to form a responsive legal system, this can be implicitly seen in several changes to the constitution. Change towards responsive law is not something instant and easy, there must be a commitment from the state and the people together to realize the ideal of this system. Although the current implementation of law still experiences many errors here and there, at least the existing legal products have led to laws that responsive, what is needed now are leadership figures who are able to bring Indonesia to the implementation of responsive laws that are in accordance with what was previously expected in order to achieve prosperity for the people.

Analisis Prinsip Good Corporate Governance dalam Regulasi Hukum Perusahaan

Good Corporate Governance in companies in Indonesia or commonly known by the short term (GCG) is a governance framework that includes ethical rules and norms to protect the integrity, especially in this writing, of companies to improve their performance. The principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) emphasize fundamental principles that must be implemented to increase company effectiveness and compliance with company legal regulations. Good corporate governance (GCG) is an important concept in regulating company behavior to ensure transparency, accountability, fairness and compliance with the law. In corporate legal regulations, GCG principles are the basis for building a framework that ensures effective management, protection of shareholder interests and appropriate risk management. Through in-depth analysis of GCG principles, company legal regulations can be strengthened to create a healthy and sustainable business environment. However, there are obstacles to its implementation, including legal, cultural, political and business environments. Despite being a pressure, GCG is recognized as an opportunity to improve quality and sustainability in business efforts. The main challenge involves changing the company culture towards solid and transparent leadership. Steps to develop GCG require integrated awareness and good relationships between various stakeholders in the company. GCG principles, such as transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence and equality, are needed to ensure fair protection and interests for all parties involved in the company.

The Category of Good Faith in Modern Russian Civil Law

The paper considers the main approaches to understanding the essence of the category of good faith in modern civil law of the Russian Federation. The emphasis is placed on the problem of the lack of a unified approach to understanding this category in modern civil law science. The author analyzes the historical course of the development and formation of good faith: it takes its origins from the category of bona fides of Roman private law, which clearly had a moral significance. The conclusion is formulated about the borrowing of such a meaning by the modern category of conscientiousness. Explaining the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the category of good faith, the Plenum of the Supreme Court applied a broad interpretation and determined that its key feature is the coordination of its interests with the interests of other subjects of civil turnover. The paper examines the approaches of various scientists to understanding the category in question. Thus, according to E. E. Bogdanova, conscientiousness is a purely moral category and can be assessed only from the standpoint of the rules of morality. E. A. Sukhanov’s approach, on the contrary, considers good faith as the condition of a person who is unaware of facts entailing certain legal consequences and defines this category as «ethically indifferent». The position of I. B. Novitsky, who for the first time divided conscientiousness into objective and subjective categories, is noteworthy. Objective conscientiousness acts as an external measure of civil legal relations, while subjective conscientiousness is a person’s ignorance of circumstances important to the law. The author concludes on the flexibility of the category of good faith due to its ambiguous and ambivalent nature.

Echivalența versurilor în subtitrări ale filmelor Disney

This paper proposes a detailed analysis of the translation process of Disney movies´ lyrics, focusing on the concept of lexical equivalence and ways of correspondence between English and Romanian. Three Disney musical films – „Frozen” (2013), „The Lion King” (1994 and 2019), and „Moana” (2016) – are selected to illustrate various lexical contexts, highlighting the ways in which words and phrases are translated and adapted to preserve the melodicity of the lyrics. The analysis also focuses on translation errors, explaining the reasons for them and offering suggestions for replacing those lyrics. In the context of translation theory, it is emphasized that the process of transfer from source to target language involves creating an equivalence that preserves the specific features of the original text. Through the Disney films, the text explores the phenomenon of equivalence in lexical correspondence, which is partial in most cases. It also discusses the particularities of verse translation, focusing on the restrictions and challenges faced by the translator, such as adjusting the number of syllables to match the musical notes. Aspects such as repetition of words and phrases, placement of punctuation marks and rhythmic characteristics of the vocal line are also considered in the translation process. In addition to linguistic issues, this analysis explores the influence of Disney films on culture and language in childhood, highlighting the importance of adapting texts written for children to moral rules and age appropriateness. By addressing these issues, the paper provides a significant insight into understanding the complexity of the translation process and how it influences the reception of cultural elements between different languages.

The effect of Philosophy for Children (P4C) activities on the development of moral perception and social rules of preschool children

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of P4C implementations on children's perceptions of moral and social rules. The study was carried out with a total of 48 children aged five years old, 23 of them in the experimental group and 25 of them in the control group, attending a public school in the 2023–2024 academic years. A quasi-experimental design was used in the research, and the fully mixed sequential equal status design, one of the mixed research typologies, was applied. The Preschool Children's Conceptions of Moral and Social Rules Scale was applied in the quantitative dimension of the research, and observation, interviews, and anecdotal records constituted the qualitative data collection dimension. Briefly, after the implementation process, the experimental group's perception of moral and social norms improved. In the current study, a substantial difference between the children's moral rule and social rule perceptions after the P4C sessions was discovered when the experimental group's moral rule and social rule perception scale scores were analyzed before and after the implementation. A noticeable improvement in cognitive and social-emotional development was seen. It was determined that positive behaviors improved, particularly in moral situations requiring tolerance, in the experimental group. The study came to the conclusion that teaching children philosophy helps them enhance their critical thinking skills.

The Prophet’s efforts in preserving and developing the plant environment and expanding the green areas in Medina in the era of the message from 1-11 of the Hijra

The study was keen to clarify that the ethics of Islamic banking is a set of principles, values and moral rules derived from Islamic Sharia, according to which morals and the ethics of workers are determined, such as sincerity, honesty, justice and fairness ... etc. Likewise, work ethic is based on respect for order and laws, factors of production, self-restraint, respect for ownership, speed of achievement, and mastery. And also, the ethics of financial transactions from preventing usury, hoarding money, and avoiding prohibitions in transactions. In addition to the bank's ethics towards internal and external communities, such as helping to spread and fulfill Islamic banking awareness for the public interest, taking into account social conditions. We also concluded that the Islamic bank is keen to apply all Islamic work ethics in Islamic banks. Thus, the Islamic bank performed its moral and social mission and achieved the desired success. Keywords: Islamic banking, work ethics, Governance.

İNGİLİS ATALAR SÖZLƏRİNİN TƏRİFLƏRİ VƏ ÖYRƏNİLMƏSİ

English Proverbs Definitions and Learning Summary This article is devoted to the semantic classification of proverbs and sayings in the English language. Proverbs and sayings reflect the wisdom of the people, a set of moral rules of life. Proverb and sayings, as a folk art, are similar to each other in their features. The main sources and meaning of English proverbs and sayings are analyzed in this article. Key words: multiculturalism, tolerance, migrants, ideology, politics

Ethical and Legal Model of the Cybermedia: Case Study in North Sumatra, Indonesia

In the new media era, most violations cases of press ethics and law are made by cybermedia in Indonesia. At the same time, cybermedia is one of the factors driving national stability, as well as a factor encouraging democratization. This study aimed to determine the ethical and legal model indicators of cybermedia from the Indonesia Cybermedia Union (SMSI) of North Sumatra case study. The research is a mixed-method approach that combines qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data were collected from interviews with 39 journalists through questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGD) with two press experts, two North Sumatra SMSI administrators and an honorary board member of the press organization. The results of this study indicated that five problems were indicators of models for implementing press ethics and law in cybermedia. First, increasing the competence of journalists in several ways, such as encouraging journalists to take the journalist competency tests and conducting training; second, encouraging cybermedia verification by the Press Council; third, providing legal assistance for journalists who were caught in the law; fourth, following the existing rules of press ethics and law. This was done because cybermedia did not have its own rules of ethics and press law; fifth, conducting an interaction model with stakeholders through journalist competency test activities.

Preschoolers’ moral judgment and punishment attribution: Longitudinal links to theory of mind and emotion understanding

AbstractUnderstanding what others think and feel, an essential ingredient of social functioning, develops early on, allowing children to understand and evaluate other people's actions. To assess whether those actions break or uphold moral rules (moral judgments), children must consider the agent's intentions and whether the action harms or helps others. The present study investigated longitudinally the changes and interrelations between cognitive and affective perspective‐taking and moral evaluations in 3‐ to 5‐year‐old preschoolers (N = 92, 43 girls). We assessed children's first‐order theory of mind and their ability to understand other people's emotions. Next, we presented them with two moral stories which measured how children evaluated the “good” or “bad” nature of the character's intention, and whether the character deserved to be punished. Controlling for inhibitory control—which is thought to help individuals integrate information about intention—and for time across development, our main findings showed that moral judgment was positively associated with theory of mind and that both moral judgment and punishment were positively associated with the ability to understand other people's emotions. There were developmental effects for each of the measured variables, improvements being visible 15 months later, especially in the case of the theory of mind and punishment attributions. We discuss our findings in light of recent models of moral judgment regarding the processes involved in children's moral judgments and put forward future methodological directions.

О механизмах влияния на речевой узус в эпоху консциентальной войны

Russian language preservation in modern geopolitical conditions is the subject of the article: during the war to defeat consciousness in everyday speech communication, there is a struggle for the preservation of the Russian language, culture, and mentality of the nation. The article says that the national language is preserved only through the use of a literary language. The author shows the mechanisms of influence on speech use by artificially forming the evaluative background of an utterance in order to influence the motivational aspect of a linguistic personality – its pragmaticon.The article describes how humanitarian intervention creates factors of destruction of culture and national language: historically established ethical rules of communication are broken, stylistically reduced speech patterns, false concepts are introduced, the prestige of a high level of language proficiency is denied. The author identifies channels of powerful influence on the Russian language from the English language:the language of the media, professional speech, and the design of the visual space of all public venues. The author shows that the issue of literary language protection affects a wide range of humanitarian problems in the life of the country, that the introduction of Anglicisms harms the lexical diversity of the Russian language and leads to a simplification of the cognitive picture of the world of native speakers. The article says that speech practice is the subject of research in various modern sciences about the life of language in society.

PUNISHMENT AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL-MORAL PHENOMENON

Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of punishment as a complex phenomenon of reality, which combines the most important postulates of the development and improvement of personality, society and the state, based on cultural values and norms. It acts as an important regulator of the external and internal components of human behavior in society, bearing moral guidelines – the dignity of personality, humanism, justice, mercy. Tasks. The author has to identify socio-cultural and spiritual and moral features in the phenomenon of punishment by understanding the value-normative component of society when applying negative sanctions to the violator (mutual transition from social to cultural, the use of the Talion principle and the Golden Rule of Morality). Methodology. The basis of the presented research is formed by comparative, phenomenological, cultural and philosophical research methods that allow us to reveal the essence and features of the interdisciplinary nature of the phenomenon of punishment in the diversity and multidimensional nature of its underlying values and norms. Results. The results of the work are that the author comes to the conclusion that the phenomenon of punishment contains spiritual, moral and socio-cultural elements. At the interdisciplinary level, it is possible to address the deep foundations of the external and internal behavioral act of a person manifested in society. The scope of the results. The results of the study can be applied in the field of socio-political design and forecasting.

Моральная мотивация в моделях нравственного поведения

This article shows the relationship between moral motives and emotions, both negative and positive. The main idea is that the motives for moral behavior are diverse and cannot be reduced to a single basis, nor to one moral rule, nor to several fundamental rules. The role of negative emotions is manifested in the anticipation of future states of an unfulfilled duty, which in some cases may be associated with the choice of death as a preferable alternative to life with constant torment of conscience. Positive emotions in morality are associated with the consciousness of a fulfilled duty or are determined by the nature of the process of satisfying a person’s highest social needs, since the target behavior is necessarily associated with moral motives that enhance the power of emotional perception of the process of carrying out all complex types of social activities. I am aware that the behavioral models proposed in the article involve a certain simplification of the forms of behavior found in real life. However, simplification is a means of any theoretical analysis, so it is also quite justified in the approach to morality.