Ethanol Extract Of Flowers Research Articles

Phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Echinops persicus plant extract: green synthesis of carbon quantum dots from the plant extract

Echinops persicus is a species of Echinops that can be found in Europe and western Asia especially in Iran. In this paper, the phytochemical properties of Echinops persicus were thoroughly investigated and studied. In this way, total amounts of flavonoid, tannins, phenols, carotenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and anthocyanin were measured by various analytical methods. The major phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the root acetone and flower ethanolic extract of the plant. Also, major saponins and carotenoid contents was found in root and leaf of the plant. These measurements were also performed for root, leaf, and flower of the plant in various solvent extracts. The results indicated that Echinops persicus is a rich source of secondary metabolites. Also, the plant extract demonstrated a considerable antiradical activity, which evaluated qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The largest capacity to neutralize DPPH radicals was found for root water extract of Echinops persicus plant. Finally, the possibility of the plant extract was evaluated for the green preparation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). As-prepared CQDs were characterized by TEM, HRTEM, UV–Vis, XRD, and EDX analyses.

Haematoxylon campechianum Extract Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Inhibition of NF-κB/TNF-α/NOX/iNOS Signalling Pathway in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury.

In this study, the phytochemical composition and the possible prophylactic effects of an aqueous ethanol extract of Haematoxylon campechianum flowers (HCF) on peripheral neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model are investigated. Rats with induced CCI were subjected to neuropathic pain behaviour tests and evaluated by chemical, thermal, and mechanical sensation tests and functional recovery of the brain stem and sciatic nerve at 7- and 14-day intervals. The effect of the extract on acute pain and inflammation is also investigated. The extract exerted both peripheral and central analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in addition to antipyretic effects that are clear from targeting COX, LOX and PGE. It was found that CCI produced significant thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia and deleterious structural changes in both sciatic nerve and brain stem. Treatments with HCF extract significantly improved cold and thermal withdrawal latency, mechanical sensibility and ameliorated deleterious changes of sciatic nerve and brain stem at different dose levels. The extract also ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in brain stem and sciatic nerve. It suppressed the apoptotic marker, p53, and restored myelin sheath integrity. The effects of HCF extract were more potent than pregabalin. Fifteen secondary metabolites, mainly gallotannins and flavonoids, were characterized in the extract based on their retention times and MS/MS data. The identified phenolic constituents from the extract could be promising candidates to treat neuropathic pain due to their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.

Comparison and HPLC quantification of antioxidant profiling of ginger rhizome, leaves and flower extracts

BackgroundIn the present era, the attention of nutritionist diverted towards the bioactive entities present in natural sources owing to the presence of health boosting perspectives against lifestyle related disarrays.MethodsIn this context, different parts of ginger crop i.e. rhizome, leaves and flower of variety Suravi (ID no. 008) were used for the preparation of ginger extracts with 50% methanol, 50% ethanol and water via rotatory shaker for 45 min. After that, different phytochemical analysis and in vitro analyses were carried out to determine the antioxidant potential of these extracts. Lastly, the best selected extracts from each part was quantified through HPLC.ResultsThe results of current investigated indicated that ethanol extract proved to have maximum quantity of phytoceutics as compared to methanol and water. The maximum TPC, flavonoids, flavonols, DPPH assay, antioxidant activity, FRAP assay, ABTS assay and metal chelating potential was observed in ginger leaves as 780.56 ± 32.78 GAE/100 g, 253.56 ± 10.65 mg/100 g, 49.54 ± 1.74 mg/100 g, 75.54 ± 3.17%, 77.88 ± 3.27%, 105.72 ± 4.44 μmole TE/g, 118.43 ± 4.97 μmole TE/g and 35.16 ± 1.48%, respectively followed by ginger flowers and ginger rhizome. The lowest antioxidant activity was estimated in ginger rhizome. On the basis of phytochemical profiling and in vitro analyses, ethanol extracts of ginger flowers, leaves and rhizome were selected for the quantification through HPLC.ConclusionThe findings proved that maximum 6-gingerol was present in ginger leaves (4.9 mg/g) tackled by ginger flowers (2.87 mg/g) and ginger rhizome (1.03 mg/g).

Effect of Different Green Extraction Methods and Solvents on Bioactive Components of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flowers.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) dried flowers contain a group of interesting biologically active compounds such as sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins, vitamins, phenolic acids and glucosides. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the composition in bioactive compounds (specialized metabolites) present in water and ethanol extracts of chamomile flowers, together with monitoring the impact of different extraction techniques (conventional vs. ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)) on the parameters under investigation. UAE treatment significantly decreased the extraction time of bioactive compounds from herbal material. Polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in UAE extracts. Moreover, solvent type had a significant impact on the specialized metabolites content, while the highest vitamin C and polyphenols content were recorded in 50% ethanol (v/v) extracts. Optimization of basic extraction factors: solvent type, temperature and technique is crucial for obtaining the extracts with the highest content of specialized metabolites and antioxidant capacity.

Identifikasi dan Penetapan Kadar Senyawa Saponin Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L) Metode Gravimetri

Obat tradisional merupakan warisan budaya nenek moyang yang berasal dari bahan alam dan sampai saat ini tetap digunakan oleh masyarakat secara luas. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat tradisional adalah tanaman senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui senyawa saponin yang terkandung dari ekstrak bunga senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L) dan persen kadar saponin dari ekstrak bunga senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L).Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% selama 5 hari. Ekstraksi yang diperoleh kemudian dipekatkan dengan alat rotary evaporator. Kemudian dilakukan uji kualitatif yaitu identifikasi pada uji busa dan uji warna dan uji kuantitatif dengan metode gravimetri.Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan ekstrak etanol bunga senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L) mengandung saponin jenis triterpenoid dilihat dari adanya cincin yang berwarna merah kecoklatan dan didapat kadar rata-rata saponin bunga senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L) yaitu 11,46 %.

In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of leaf and flower extracts from Bombax ceiba

Context: Bombax ceiba is belonging to the family Bombacaceae. Dried stamen of this plant is used as vegetable and food ingredients for people in the Northern part of Thailand. There are very few reports on the biological activities in this plant, especially the flower parts. Objectives: The present study aimed to demonstrate the phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of crude extracts from B. ceiba. Materials and Methods: The leaf and flower part of B. ceiba were extracted using different solvents including water, 50% ethanol, and 95% ethanol. The phytochemical constituents were determined using standard qualitative methods. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were analyzed by colorimetric methods. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothaizoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the extracts. For in vitro antidiabetic activities, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effects were tested. Results: Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides in this plant. The highest TPC and TFC were found in 95% ethanol flower extract (2.73 ± 0.064 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 28.25 ± 2.33 mg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively.). However, the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS + assay) was found in 95% ethanol leaf extract (0.012 ± 0.0003, 0.009 ± 0.0005 mg/mL, respectively.) and FRAP assay was found in 95% ethanol flower extract (349.27 ± 35.16 mg trolox equivalent/g). The highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were found in 95% ethanol flower extract (0.001 ± 0.0012 and 0.0002 ± 0.0001 mg/mL, respectively). Conclusion: The crude extracts from B. ceiba showed the potent in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, especially the flower extracts. These findings confirm the ethnobotanical uses of B. ceiba as food and medicinal plants. Further studies on biological and pharmacological activities of this plant in the animal model and clinical trials must be carried out to confirm the use in medical aspects.

Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals and anti-bacterial screening using ZnS/Mn nanoparticles encapsulated with ethanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn.

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. (Nyctanthaceae) is one among the most useful traditional plants in India. It is a valuable medicinal plant used in Ayurveda. Various parts of the plant like fruits, leaves, seeds, flowers, barks and stem contain many phytochemicals and are used for the treatment and management of various diseases. Present investigation deals with the qualitative analysis of phytochemicals and antibacterial screening of dried leaf and flower extracts prepared in ethyl acetate, ethanol and benzene. The effect of ZnS/Mn nano particles coated with the ethanolic extract of leaf and flower was also reported. The qualitative analysis of the leaf and flower extracts revealed the presence of various classes of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, resins, tanins, and steroids. The antibacterial potential of the extracts were evaluated on gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas pyogens) bacteria in terms of zone of inhibition using agar well diffusion method.In the anti-bacterial screening, it is evident that flower has more anti-bacterial property than leaf. Among the three solvent extracts used, benzene gave no or poor zone of inhibition while ethyl acetate gave maximum zone of inhibition and the ethanolic extract gave only moderate zone of inhibition. ZnS/Mn nanoparticle encapsulated with ethanolic extracts of leaf and flower was screened for anti-bacterial activity against ethanolic extract. The ZnS/Mn encapsulated extracts gave more zone of inhibition than the extract alone. The results of this study indicates the potential of ZnS/Mn nanoparticles as a strong antibacterial agent which can be useful for antimicrobial applications. Further studies in this aspect has the potential to lead towards a few more astonishing facts towards the anti-biotic property of ZnS/Mn nanoparticles coated with the extracts.

A New Steroid Isolated from Leucas cephalotes

A new steroidal triterpenoid was isolated from hexane washed ethanolic extract of flowers of Leucas cephalotes. Its structure was elucidated as (Z)-17-(4,4-dimethylhept-2en-2-yl)-8,10,14-trimethyl- 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopent[a]phenanthren-3-ol (1). The structure of the new compound was determined by 1D and 2D NMR and MS and DEPT experiments as well as by comparison of their data with the reported values.

Antiinflammatory Activity of Pagoda Flower (Clerodendrum Paniculatum L.) Ethanol Extract Using Paw Edema Method

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine antiinflammatory activity of pagoda flower (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) ethanolic extract
 Design: This study uses an experimental laboratory design. This research uses paw edema method by inducing carrageenin in the legs of male white rats as an induction of inflammation.
 Interventions: The sample used was pagoda flower ethanol extract in various dosages of 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg. As a comparison, acetosal dose 33 mg / kg was used. Na CMC suspension was used as a negative control.
 Main outcome measure: The results in this study are the difference in the volume of edema volume from rat feet per unit time. The measurement of the rat's leg volume was measured at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes.
 Conclusion: Pagoda flower ethanol extract does not have good anti-inflammatory activity. there were no significant differences between groups except at dose 100 and positive control at minute 300 of negative control.
 

Hostaflavanol A, a new anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities flavanol from the flowers of Hosta plantaginea

A new flavan-3-ol glycoside, hostaflavanol A (1) along with two related known ones, including dihydrokaempferol (2) and naringnin (3) were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of Hosta plantaginea flowers. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, as well as by comparison with literature data. To the best our knowledge, compounds 2 and 3 were characterized for the first time from the Liliaceae family and genus Hosta, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity against cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) in vitro results revealed that compounds 1‒3 exhibited significant or moderate COX-1 and moderate COX-2 inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 23.7 ± 1.8, 31.6 ± 1.6, and 61.3 ± 3.1 μM for COX-1, as well as 46.7 ± 3.1, 71.2 ± 3.5, and 115.7 ± 6.5 μM for COX-2, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of compounds 1‒3 was also measured by the DPPH method, 1‒3 exhibited significant or moderate antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 112.7 ± 3.8, 46.6 ± 1.3, and 82.4 ± 2.4 μM, respectively.

Antibacterial, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity capacities of Doronicum macrolepis (FREYN&SINT): An endemic plant from Turkey

In the present study, the antioxidant, enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterase) and antimicrobial (MIC) activities of three different solvent (ethanol, methanol, or ethyl acetate) extracts of stem, root, and flower of Doronicum macrolepis plant were investigated. In addition to this, the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil were determined. Antioxidant activity was detected using ABTS and DPPH assays. Antimicrobial activity evaluated by microdilution method against to nineteen microorganisms. Also, enzyme inhibition activities were determined by colorimetric methods. Essential oil of the plant extracted by hydrodistilation and characterized using GC/MS. The antioxidant properties of the flower were determined to be higher than those of the other segments of this plant. Moreover, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also found to be higher in the flower parts. The highest enzyme inhibition activity was observed to be α-amylase (221.54 mmol ACAE/g extract) in flower ethylacetate extract, α-glucosidase (15.32 mmol ACAE/g extract) in flower ethanol extract, and cholinesterase (AChE: 2.4 and BChE: 22.35 mg GALE/g extract) in stem ethylacetate extract. Besides them, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was found to be higher than the extracts. It showed a high level of inhibition especially on E. coli at 4 µg/ml concentration. Moreover, remarkable inhibition was observed for two candida strains tested. In conclusion, the results suggest that, because of its bioactivity including the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition properties, the D. macrolepis can be accepted as a promising and natural source for the industrial applications. The present study is the first study, in which the bioactive components and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition properties of endemic D. macrolepis plant were determined.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA KECOMBRANG (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M.Sm.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes

Acne is one of the skin diseases that disturbs the appearance especially of teenagers. Some types of bacteria that cause acne is Propionibacterium acnes. An alternative natural ingredient that can be used to treat acne is kecombrang flowers (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm.). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the kecombrang ethanol extract has antibacterial activity against the bacteria that caused acne, and to know the effective concentration of the ethanol extract of the kecombrang flower on the bacteria that caused the acne. The research conducted was experimental research. The stages of the study began from the determination of the sample, the manufacture of simplicia powder, extraction of kecombrang flowers using the maceration method, phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method. The concentrations of extract used in the testing of antibacterial activity were 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the kecombrang flower contained secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids and saponins. The results of the testing of the antibacterial activity showed that the ethanol extract of the kecombrang flowers had a medium activity at a concentration of 80% against the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with a inhibition zone of 7,67 mm. Keywords: Kecombrang flowers (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm.), Antibacterial activity test, Propionibacterium acnes

Microcapsule efficiency of ethanol extract of rosella petal flower (hibiscus sabdariffa linn) coated crude carrageenan (Eucheuma cottony)

The research of microcapsule efficiency of ethanol extract of sepal flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) coated crude carrageenan has been done. The aim of research is to determine the highest efficiency microencapsulation based on the ratio of ethanol extract of the sepal flower toward seaweed crude carrageenan (Eucheuma cottony ) as coating substance. The microencapsulation was carried out by using freeze drying technique. This encapsulation may preserve the active compound of ethanol extract. Ratio of ethanol extract of the sepal flower toward seaweed crude carrageenan were set at 1:3; 1:4; 1:5; 1:6 and 1:7 (w/w). The result of research obtained that the highest efficiency ratio is at 1:7 with percentage of 86.01%.

Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Musa acuminata colla flower and its pharmaceutical activity against bacteria and anticancer efficacy

Synthesis of nanoparticles using plant sources as reducing agent has become important, as physical and chemical methods are costlier and affects environment. Hence it is important to develop environment friendly nanoparticle synthesis by avoiding the use of toxic chemicals. The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag Nps) and gold nanoparticles (AuNps) using Musa acuminata colla flower and its pharmaceutical activity against extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene producing bacteria and anticancer efficacy. The synthesized Ag and Au NPs were analysed by means of UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD,SEM and EDAX evidenced the bioreduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0 and Au3+ ions to Au0 respectively. Both nanoparticles and flower extracts were studied for antibacterial activity of ESBL gene producing bacteria by disc diffusion and microdilution (Resazurin) method. In vitro anticancer efficacy (MCF-7) and toxicity (VERO) of AgNPs, AuNPs, aqueous extract and ethanol extract of flowers were performed by MTT assay. IC50 value for DPPH analysis was at 390 μg and 460 μg for ethanol and aqueous extract respectively. Total antioxidant content was found be 740 μg/mg and 460 μg/mg for ethanol and aqueous extract. GCMS analysis authenticated the existence of the compounds namely, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid(z,z)- and n-hexadecanoic acid in the crude extract of the samples. Among the samples, AgNPs had best antibacterial activity. AgNPs and AuNPs were confirmed by colour change to reddish brown and ruby red. Further ƛmax were obtained at 474 and 540 nm by UV - visible spectrum. SEM analysis revealed the particle size ranges from 12.6 to 15.7 nm for silver and 10.1 to 15.6 nm for gold nanoparticles. The EDAX spectrum shows a strong signal for elemental Ag and Au at ~ 3 keV and 1.5 keV. The XRD patterns for silver and gold nanoparticles at 36.701, 42.900, 63.281 and 76.398 corresponding to the lattice planes 2.4467, 2.1064, 1.46839, 1.24564 nm and 27.32, 36.7228, 39.56, 42.888, 63.253, 63.253, 65.02 and 76.383 corresponding to the lattice planes 3.262, 2.44530, 2.276, 2.1070, 1.46897, 1.4332 and 1.24585 nm. The IC50 values for MCF-7 and VERO cells were 30.0 μg/ml and 55.0 μg/ml respectively.

Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Madhuca longifolia Flowers

The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is imperiling the worth of antibiotics, which have previously transformed medical sciences. Further, commercial antibiotic drugs caused side effects to body. However, herbal remedies often do not produce any side effects, and safe to be use. Hence the aim of the present study was to perform phytochemical study, and evaluate antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Madhuca longifolia against various bacterial and fungal species. The ethanol extract of flower of Madhuca longifolia were prepared and screened for phytochemical study. The different concentration of ethanol extract (50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 150 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml) was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi by disc diffusion method. The phytochemical study indicates the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenol in ethanol extract. The extract demonstrated the mild to moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity. The maximum antibacterial activity of extract was found on Staphylococcus aureus, while the highest antifungal activity was found on Aspergillus niger. The present study was concluded that the antimicrobial activity of Madhuca longifolia might be due to presence of flavonoids and polyphenol component.

Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Leaf, Bark and Flower of Tecoma stans with Ibuprofen- An In vitro Analysis

Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Leaf, Bark and Flower of Tecoma stans with Ibuprofen- An In vitro Analysis

Comparison of Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant, and Anti-Photoaging Activities of Paeonia suffruticosa Flowers at Different Flowering Stages.

Paeonia suffruticosa is an ornamental, edible, and medicinal plant. The ethanolic extracts of P. suffruticosa bud and flower were examined for their antioxidant, anti-photoaging, and phytochemical properties prior to chemometric analysis. The results showed that the bud ethanolic extract (BEE) and the flower (the early flowering stage) ethanolic extract (FEE) had better antioxidant activities, and significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the skin tissues. In total, 68 compounds, including 20 flavonoids, 15 phenolic derivatives, 12 terpenoids, 9 fatty acids, and 12 others were identified or tentatively identified by ultra-fast liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS). Gallic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloyl glucose, paeoniflorin, and oxypaeoniflorin were predominant compounds in the extracts. Taken together, P. suffruticosa flowers are a candidate for functional material in food and health related industries, and their optimal time to harvest is before the early flowering stage.

ANALISIS KADAR TANIN TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum L.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

Clove flower (Syzygium aromaticum L.) contain saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and flavonoids. The research aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the existence of tannins in ethanol extract of clove flower by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The extraction process used was maceration using ethanol of 30% with the yield value of 4.26%. The extract obtained was measured by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at the maximum wavelength of 649.9 nm using tanic acid as the standard. The value of the measurement result of tannin content obtained in the ethanol extract of clove flower was 300.826 mg TAE/g extract or 30.0826% b/b TAE.

IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN FLOWER OF TABERNAEMONTANA DIVARICATA (L.) USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS

Objective: Herbs are a key resource with therapeutic properties. Nowadays, there is a focus on the identification of bioactive compounds with the ability to act against various disorders.
 Methods: In the present study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was conducted to determine the occurrence of different phytochemical compounds in ethanolic flower extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.).
 Results: The ethanol extract of flower revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid, squalene, Vitamin D3, Vitamin A aldehyde, desulfosinigrin, and Urs-12-en-24-oic acid, 3-oxo-, methyl ester, (+)-.
 Conclusion: The perceived compounds from ethanolic extract of flower have diverse beneficial properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cancer anticipatory effect, pesticide, and antiarthritic.

The Phytochemical Screning and Assesment of Bioactivity of Pagoda Flower (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) Using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Lethality Assay

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the bioactive content of the pagoda flower ethanol extract and measure its activity using the brine shrimp lethal dose method
 Design: The design of this study was qualitative and quantitative experimental, where bioactive compounds of pagoda flower ethanol extract was tested by qualitatitive chemical analisys and brine shrimp lethal dose method was quantitatively calculated the number of deaths.
 Interventions: The variable that was intervened in this study was the concentration of extract used.
 Main outcome measurre: The main measurement results in this study were to know the bioactive compounds contained in the extract and the value of Lethality Concentration 50% (LC50).
 Results: The results of phytochemical screening from the ethanol extract of pagoda flowers showed bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. The value of LC50 in the toxicity test for artemia salina was 49.415 ppm.
 Conclusion: The pagoda flower ethanol extract contains alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. Pagoda flower ethanol extract has strong potential activity.