Ethanol Oxidation Research Articles

Atomically dispersed NiOx cluster on high-index Pt facets boost ethanol electrooxidation through long-range synergistic sites

Constructing the desired long-range dual sites to enhance the C–C bond-cleavage and CO-tolerate ability during ethanol oxidation reaction is of importance for further applications. Herein, the concept of holding atomically dispersed NiOx cluster supported on Pt-based high-index facets (NiOx/Pt) is proposed to build O-bridged Pt–Ni dual sites. Strikingly, the obtained NiOx/Pt dual sites show 4.97 times specific activity higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.35 ​mA ​cm−2), as well as outstanding CO-tolerance and durability. The advanced electrochemical in-situ characterizations reveal that the NiOx/Pt can accelerate rapid dehydroxylation and C–C bond-cleavage over the Pt–Ni dual sites. Theoretical calculations disclose that the atomically dispersed NiOx species can lower the adsorption/reaction energy barriers of intermediates. This tactic provides a promising methodology on regulating the surface synergistic sites via engineering atomically dispersed oxide site.

Anomalous Reaction Pathways to Methane Production in Photocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation.

Photocatalytic reduction reactions occasionally utilize sacrificial agents to scavenge photogenerated holes, thus enhancing the kinetics and efficiency of electron harvesting. However, exploring alternative hole-mediated oxidation reactions and their potential impact on photoredox processes is limited. This study investigates the products resulting from the oxidation of ethanol, a commonly used hole scavenger, and the underlying mechanisms involved. We examine a homogeneous eosin Y photoreaction scheme containing a Cu complex coordinated with an N-heterocyclic carbene, a combination often employed in CO2 conversion. Under visible-light excitation, this photosystem yields methane as an unusual product, alongside acetaldehyde and carbon monoxide. Mechanistic analysis reveals that ethanol undergoes a catalytic cascade involving oxidative processes, C-C bond cleavage, and intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer. Notably, the Lewis-acidic metal center of the Cu complex activates a novel pathway for ethanol oxidation. This work presents the influence of catalyst selection and reaction condition optimization on the emergence of new or unexpected catalytic processes.

Enhancing medium-chain fatty acids production via alkyl polyglucose modulation of electron acceptor generation, microbial community and metabolic traits in anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge

Production of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) through anaerobic fermentation is an essential pathway for efficient resource recovery and utilization of waste activated sludge (WAS). In this study, a novel strategy utilizing polyglucose (APG) to enhance MCFAs production from WAS by anaerobic fermentation was proposed. The results showed that the maximum MCFAs production reached 14745.0 mg COD/L with 0.3 g APG/g TSS, which was 20.2 times of that without APG treatment. The transformation of intermediates demonstrated that APG promoted the generation of electron acceptors (i.e., short-chain fatty acids) and conversion of substrate to MCFAs. Microbial community analysis indicated that APG selectively enriched microbe involved in hydrolysis, acidogenesis and chain elongation (CE). Also, the presence of APG had a negative impact on methanogens and potential excessive ethanol oxidation (EEO) microbe, which were competitors of CE bacteria in mixed-culture system. Metagenomic analysis showed an increase in relative abundance of genes encoding metabolic functions responsible for hydrolysis, acidogenesis, CE and energy generation, thus maintained high microbial activity in MCFAs biosynthesis. These enhanced metabolic functions were accompanied by a reduction in relative abundance of genes encoding methanogenesis and EEO metabolism, which together result in boosting the efficiency of substrate and energy flow to MCFAs production. This study presents a promising approach to improve the biotransformation of polysaccharides and proteins from WAS into MCFAs.

Low-Loaded Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene as a Sustainable Catalyst for Electrochemical Ethanol Oxidation

Low-Loaded Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene as a Sustainable Catalyst for Electrochemical Ethanol Oxidation

Ethanol Oxidation Reaction on Electrodeposited Pd and Sb‒Pd Catalysts in Alkaline Solution Containing Na or Li Cations

Abstract This work reports the galvanostatical electrodeposition of Pd and Sb‒Pd catalysts on rotating glassy carbon (GC) electrode using surfactant-free electrolytes and the prepared catalysts were tested is the electro-oxidation reactions in alkaline solutions. Characterization of Pd and Sb‒Pd catalysts was performed with scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry were applied in order to study the electrocatalytic behavior of Pd and Sb‒Pd catalysts in the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline solution containing Na+ or Li+ cations from the point of the impact of the selected alkali metal cations on the electrocatalytic activity. The peak current of EOR at Pd and Sb‒Pd catalysts in the solution with Li+ cations is 2.5 times higher compared to the values obtained in the solution with Na+ cations. EOR starts at rather negative potentials in LiOH solution regarding NaOH for approximately 0.03 V indicating the active role of OHad and the impact of the nature of alkali metal cations which consequently arises from the formation of OHad ‒ cation clusters. The role of Sb in bimetallic catalyst was established by adjusting the extent and persistence of OHad surface coverage.

Construction of high-efficiency Fe-MnO@Fe electrocatalyst for methanol and ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium

Abstract Acquiring effective, durable and economical non-precious metal electrocatalysts is crucial for the widespread utilization of fuel cells. In this work, an iron/manganese oxide nanocomposite (Fe-MnO@Fe) is synthesized as a novel electrocatalyst by direct-current (DC) arc plasma technology integrating transition metal and transition metal oxide. The Fe-MnO@Fe catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic performance. By modulating the percentage of transition metal and transition metal oxide in the composite, the largest current density values of methanol and ethanol oxidation of the composite reach 20.18 and 7.83 mA/cm2, respectively. In addition, the composite catalyst exhibits excellent stability and conductivity, and the catalyst greatly reduces the experimental cost relative to the noble metal catalysts, indicating that the composite is a potential fuel cell catalyst candidate and provides an innovative concept for creation non-precious metal catalysts.

Bimetallic Rh–Pd aerogels as efficient materials for ethanol electrooxidation

This study introduces a series of Rh–Pd bimetallic aerogels Rh75Pd25, Rh50Pd50, and Rh25Pd75 as efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol electrooxidation, crucial for direct ethanol fuel cell technology. The bimetallic Rh–Pd and monometallic Rh and Pd aerogels were synthesized from RhCl3 and PdCl2 as starting materials and sodium borohydride as the reducing agent. A combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental mapping, and electron microscopy studies of the bimetallic aerogels enable compositional analysis of the materials and provide insight into the porous 3D nanoarchitecture. Importantly, the material performs efficiently as an electrocatalyst on glassy carbon electrodes for the oxidation of ethanol under basic conditions (1.0 M KOH) at onset potentials ranging from −0.59 to −0.64 V (vs. Hg/HgO). Importantly, these materials exhibit high peak current densities of 216 mA/cm2 for the Rh-rich Rh75Pd25 to 536 mA/cm2 for Rh25Pd75, which are significantly higher than reported peak current densities for other Pd-containing electrocatalysts. The 1H and 13C NMR techniques were used to evaluate products for ethanol electrooxidation, with the results indicating selectivity for acetic acid. This demonstrates an enhanced catalytic activity, selectivity to acetic acid vs. CO2, representing a significant step in advancing DEFCs and their broader application in sustainable energy technologies.

Facile and innovation synthesis of Zn-Mn-Co-LDH/polypyrrole and its application in investigating ethanol oxidation in an alkaline medium

Overvoltage and low current are observed for ethanol electrooxidation on the surface of many unmodified electrodes. Therefore, it is desirable to use a suitable catalyst for ethanol electrooxidation to increase the current. This research introduces a new sensor to catalyze ethanol oxidation in an alkaline environment. This new Zn-Mn-Co LDH/PolyPyrrole/GCE nanocomposite sensor exhibits high catalytic activity for ethanol electrooxidation. It changes the oxidation potential of ethanol to a less positive potential. To identify this proposed sensor, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brauner Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FT-IR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermal analysis (TGA), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and cyclic voltammetry techniques were used. Ethanol electrooxidation was investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique. The effects of scan rate and ethanol concentration on the ethanol oxidation peak have been investigated. The proposed sensor showed long-term stability. This prepared nanocomposite can be used as an anode catalyst for ethanol fuel cells.

Outstanding enhancement of caproate production with microwave pyrolyzed highly reductive biochar addition

The integration of biochar into microbial Chain Elongation (CE) proves to be an effective tool of producing high-value bio-based products. This study innovatively applied biochar fabricated under microwave irradiation with carbon fiber cloth assistance into CE system. Results highlighted that microwave biochar achieved maximal CE efficiency yielding 8 g COD/L, with 3-fold increase to the blank group devoid of any biochar. Microwave biochar also obtained the highest substrate utilization rate of 94 %, while conventional biochar group recorded 90 % and the blank group was of 74 %. Mechanistic insights revealed that the reductive surface properties facilitated CE performance, which is relevant to fostering dominant genera of Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, and Macellibacteroides. By metagenomics, microwave biochar up-regulated functional genes and enzymes involved in CE process including ethanol oxidation, the reverse β-oxidation pathway, and the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. This study effectively facilitated caproate production by utilizing a new microwave biochar preparation strategy.

Mechanisms of gelation induced by laser irradiation for CaO powder dispersed in ethanol – Formation of calcium acetate and its role in gelation

Our recent study of gelation induced by laser ablation of CaO powders dispersed in ethanol proposed that CaO particle size composition would be an important factor affecting gelation because gelation is brought about by mixing a colloid composed of laser-fragmented particles and a raw CaO colloid. The present work was conducted to clarify this point. Results showed that, differing from our assumption, laser-fragmented particles are not necessary for gelation because gelation occurred even when laser-fragmented particles were removed from a laser-irradiated colloid before mixing it with a raw CaO colloid. Moreover, findings revealed that acetic acid generated by laser-induced oxidation of ethanol causes gelation, as confirmed by the fact that gelation also occurred when a proper amount of acetic acid was added to a raw CaO colloid. Results also revealed that nanofibers composed of calcium acetate hydrate play an important role in the gel structure formation. Results demonstrated that the gel structure and composition can be controlled simply by adjusting the amount of acetic acid without laser irradiation, suggesting that the results obtained from this study are useful as a newly developed and simple method of preparing calcium gel with various structures.

Electrochemical oxidation of ethanol on NiO/MoO2 hybridized wheat husk derived activated carbon

The ethanol oxidation process in fuel cells is most efficient when conducted by platinum based catalysts. Our research team endeavored to find affordable and efficient catalysts, synthesizing catalysts based on metal oxides of nickel and molybdenum in the form of NiO/MoO2and NiO/MoO2hybridized with activated carbon obtained from the wheat husk (ACWH) through a hydrothermal method. After precise physical characterization, the capability of these catalysts in the ethanol oxidation process was measured through electrochemical analyses in an alkaline environment. The presence of ACWH in the catalyst structure significantly improves the active surface and electrocatalytic activity. NiO/MoO2/ACWH with a current density of 16 mA cm-2at a peak potential of 0.55 V and 93% cyclic stability after 5000 alternate CV cycles, can be an appealing, relatively efficient, and stable option in ethanol oxidation.

Ethanol with thioacetamide murine model of alcoholic liver disease identifies hepatic pathways as targets for the human disease

Introduction and ObjectivesHepatic proteome and gut microbiota alterations are known in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AAH). Current animal models sparsely mimic human AAH. We aimed to develop an murine model that closely resembled human AAH. Materials and MethodsMale C57BL/6N mice were pair-fed control/incremental ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diets and thioacetamide (TAA) for 12-weeks to induce AAH. Hepatic proteome was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Gut-bacteria was determined using 16s-rRNA sequencing. ResultsMice exposed to EtOH+TAA displayed higher expression of liver triglycerides (1.5-fold, p = 0.001), pro-inflammatory (IL6, 1.5-fold, p = 0.002 and TNFα, 1.7-fold, p = 0.01), fibrotic (TGF-β, 2.7-fold, p = 0.01 and Col1α1, 2-fold, p = 0.01) and oxidative markers (GSH and SOD (-1.5 fold, p = 0.004 & 0.005 respectively)) as compared to EtOH alone. Histology of EtOH+TAA liver displayed pericellular liver fibrosis, increased steatosis, and neutrophil infiltration, which resembled human AAH. In the 12wk EtOH+TAA group, Desulfobacteria, Campylobacteria, and Patescibacteria increased by 2-fold (p = 0.02). Pathway combined score (CS, log10) in EtOH+TAA treatment showed upregulated hepatic ethanol oxidation (CS=1.93), fatty acid biosynthesis (CS=2.48), necrosis (CS=1.59), collagen formation (CS=1.28) and hypoxia (CS=0.68) and downregulated fatty acid beta-oxidation (CS=2.37), PPAR signaling (CS=1.35) fatty acid degradation (CS=2.35), bile acid metabolism (CS=1.87), and oxidative phosphorylation (CS=1.50), as observed in human disease. ConclusionsUsing an ethanol-thioacetamide combination in mice results in a faster establishment of AAH with fibrosis than previously known models. Differential protein expression strongly correlates with pathways found altered in human AAH, thus making the model mimic human disease better than other known models., respectively. Thioacetamide (TAA) was administered to enhance liver fibrosis and mimic human AAH.

Dual Polarization of Ni Sites at VOx-Ni3N Interface Boosts Ethanol Oxidation Reaction.

Substituting thermodynamically favorable ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) engenders high-efficiency hydrogen production and generates high value-added products as well. However, the main obstacles have been the low activity and the absence of an explicit catalytic mechanism. Herein, a heterostructure composed of amorphous vanadium oxide and crystalline nickel nitride (VOx-Ni3N) is developed. The heterostructure immensely boosts the EOR process, achieving the current density of 50mA cm-2 at the low potential of 1.38V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), far surpassing the sluggish OER (1.65V vs RHE). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that the as-fabricated heterostructure can promote the adsorption of OH- and the generation of the reactive species (O*). Theoretical calculations further outline the dual polarization of the Ni site at the interface, specifically the asymmetric charge redistribution (interfacial polarization) and in-plane polarization. Consequently, the dual polarization modulates the d-band center, which in turn regulates the adsorption/desorption strength of key reaction intermediates, thereby facilitating the entire EOR process. Moreover, a VOx-Ni3N-based electrolyzer, coupling hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and EOR, attains 50mA cm-2 at a low cell voltage of ≈1.5V. This work thus paves the way for creating dual polarization through interface engineering toward broad catalysis.

Reverse Hydrogen Spillover on Metal Oxides for Water-Promoted Catalytic Oxidation Reactions.

Understanding the water-involved mechanism on metal oxide surface and the dynamic interaction of water with active sites is crucial in solving water poisoning in catalytic reactions. Herein, this work solves this problem by designing the water-promoted function of metal oxides in the ethanol oxidation reaction. In situ multimodal spectroscopies unveil that the competitive adsorption of water-dissociated *OH species with O2 at Sn active sites results in water poisoning and the sluggish proton transfer in CoO-SnO2 imparts water-resistant effect. Carbon material as electron donor and proton transport channel optimizes the Co active sites and expedites the reverse hydrogen spillover from CoO to SnO2. The water-promoted function arises from spillover protons facilitating O2 activation on the SnO2 surface, leading to crucial *OOH intermediate formation for catalyzing C-H and C-C cleavage. Consequently, the tailored CoO-C-SnO2 showcases a remarkable 60-fold enhancement in ethanol oxidation reaction compared to bare SnO2 under high-humidity conditions.

Changes in microbial communities during high-rate microbial selenate reduction in an up-flow anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

Biological fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a promising treatment option for removing selenium oxyanions from wastewater by converting them into elemental selenium. The process can achieve high rates and be efficiently operated at low hydraulic retention times (HRT). However, the effects of HRT on the changes in microbial community in the FBR process have not been previously explored. In this study, dynamic changes of microbial communities both on biofilm carrier and in suspension of a selenate-reducing FBR were explored at various HRTs (0.3–120 h). Based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the microbial communities, alpha diversity of microbial communities in suspension rather than in the biofilm were impacted by low HRTs (0.3 h–3 h). Members from genera Geobacter, Geoalkalibacter, and Geovibrio were the main selenate-reducing bacteria on carrier throughout the FBR process. Genus Geobacter was dominant in FBR carrier at HRT of 24 h–120 h, whereas Geoalkalibacter and Geovibrio dominated at low HRT of 0.3 h–6 h. Suspended microbial communities detected in the FBR effluent were more sensitive to HRT changes than that in biofilm. “Shock loading” at HRT of 0.3 h had a great impact on microbial community compositions both in the biofilm and effluent. Reactor operation in batch mode and long HRT of 24 h helped recover the community from “shock loading” and improved selenite reduction and ethanol oxidation. Redundancy analysis revealed that HRT, influent pH and selenate loading were key operational parameters impacting both the FBR performance and the composition of microbial communities associated with both the FBR carrier and effluent. Overall, the microbial communities in FBR biofilm flexibly responded to the changes of HRT and showed resilience to the temporary shock loading, enabling efficient selenate removal.

Sn doped cobalt-based phosphide as bifunctional catalyst for ethanol oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction

The development of non-precious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts is of practical significance to solve resource shortage and energy crisis. In this study, to accelerate mass/electron transfer and maximize the area of exposed active sites, a coral-like Sn–Co–P/NF bi-functional electrocatalyst was synthesized by electrodeposition for total hydrolysis. Ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) was used to replace oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to further improve the water electrolysis rate. The catalyst showed great electrochemical activity and stability in both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the required overpotential for HER is only 59 mV (vs. RHE) and 304 mV (vs. RHE) for OER, and the corresponding Tafel slopes are 42 mV·dec−1 and 67 mV·dec−1, respectively. When EOR was substituted for anodic oxygen evolution, the overpotential could be reduced by 240 mV. In addition, when Sn–Co–P/NF is used as a water-ethanol electrolytic cell assembled with anode and cathode, the current density of 10 mA cm−2 can be reached with only 1.49 V operating voltage, which is 130 mV lower than that of hydrolysis alone, and it also shows good durability in the test of 28 h. Therefore, the experimental results show that it is feasible to use EOR instead of OER to coupling with HER, the catalyst has broad application prospects in industrial electrolysis.

A novel Ni-complex nanocatalyst for efficient electrochemical oxidation of alcohol in alkaline medium: Mechanism and DFT study

A novel catalyst based on nanoparticles of Ni(II) complex was developed to enhance the activity toward alcohol oxidation and hence its possible application in direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). The [NiII(ABP)2] complex was formed in a molar ratio 1(Ni):2(ABP), where (ABP) was synthesized based on 4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (DMBA), 4-Aminoantipyrine (AAP) and 2-aminophenol (AP) through two condensation steps. Several characterization techniques were used to evaluate the structure of the synthesized compounds, such as elemental analysis, mass, FTIR, UV–Vis, 1HNMR , magnetic, molar conductance and XRD. Transmission and scanning electron microscope (TEM and SEM) images of separated [NiII(ABP)2] complex revealed particles with a size lower than 26 nm. SEM for [NiII(ABP)2]/GCE before and after ethanol oxidation was performed along with EDX and mapping techniques. The computational DFT (density functional theory) calculations supported the octahedral geometry shape of the prepared [NiII(ABP)2] chelate. Several octahedral structures involved in a purposed mechanism were studied using DFT to show the expected optimized shapes formed during ethanol oxidation. Also, the alcohol adsorption simulation was performed using Dmol3 numerical DFT modules to calculate the adsorption energy of alcohols on nickel complex surface. Additionally, the activity toward oxidation of alcohols with different sizes and stereochemistry (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol) was investigated in an alkaline medium. The electrode activity was represented for each alcohol as a function of anodic oxidation current. Whereas the electrode achieved 14, 26, 6, and 4 mA cm−2 for methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, respectively. Moreover, several parameters were calculated to judge the electrode performance, like diffusion coefficient, catalytic rate constant, stability, Tafel slope, and charge transfer resistance. The theoretical calculations and the experimental findings strongly correlate with each other, where Ni-complex showed the greatest catalytic activity toward ethanol oxidation.

Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Pd Nanocatalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells by Functionalizing Vulcan XC-72 with Cu Organometallic Compounds.

The most widely used support in low-temperature fuel cell applications is the commercially available Vulcan XC-72. Herein, we report its functionalization with the home-obtained mesityl copper (Cu-mes) and Cu coordinate (Cu(dmpz)L2) organometallic compounds. Pd nanoparticles are anchored on the supports obtaining Pd/CCu-mes, Pd/CCu(dmpz)L2, and Pd/C (on nonfunctionalized support). The polarization curves of the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) show that Pd/CCu-mes and Pd/CCu(dmpz)L2 promote the reaction at a more negative onset potential, i.e., E onset = 0.38 V/reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), compared to 0.41 V/RHE of Pd/C. The mass current density (j m) delivered by Pd/CCu-mes is considerably higher (1231.3 mA mgPd -1), followed by Pd/CCu(dmpz)L2 (1001.8 mA mgPd -1), and Pd/C (808.3 mA mgPd -1). The enhanced performance of Pd/CCu-mes and Pd/CCu(dmpz)L2 for the EOR (and tolerance to CO poisoning) is attributed to a shift of their d-band center toward more negative values, compared to Pd/C, because of the formation of PdCu alloyed phases arising from the functionalization. In addition, laboratory-scale tests of the anion exchange membrane-direct ethanol fuel cell assembled with Pd/CCu-mes show the highest open circuit voltage (OCV = 0.60 V) and cell power density (P cell = 0.14 mW cm-2). As a result of its high catalytic activity, Pd/CCu-mes can find application as an anode nanocatalyst in AEM-DEFCs.

Effect of deposition potential and KOH concentration on ethanol oxidation reaction with Pd nanoparticles electrodeposited on glassy carbon from reline

Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) are deposited electrochemically on the glassy carbon electrode surface using PdCl2 dissolved in a deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and urea (reline). The morphology and particle size of the PdNPs are determined from SEM exhibiting a homogeneous distribution with potential deposition depending on particle size. The particles display a core-shell morphology, consisting of Pd(0) as the core and Pd(OH)2 as the shell. The ethanol oxidation reaction, EOR, is evaluated at different KOH concentrations. The electrocatalyst with the highest mass activity is achieved at −750 mV potential deposition and 1 M KOH, exhibiting 3126 ± 606 mAmgPd−1. However, when 0.1 M KOH is used the mass activity decreases to one-third the value obtained at 1 M KOH. Notwithstanding, the mass activity displayed by these PdNPs is superior to that reported for other Pd-based nanoparticles synthesized using more complex, time-consuming and costly methods reported in the literature.

Simply prepared α-Ni(OH)2-based electrode for efficient electrocatalysis of EOR and OER

As one of the most efficient Ni phases towards ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), α-Ni(OH)2 is aimed to be simply prepared. Various α-Ni(OH)2-rich deposits are obtained chronoamperometrically from NiCl2 solution onto a pristine graphite surface at different potentials. After careful optimization, the optimum values deposition potential and time are found to be -0.9 V and 150 s, respectively. At longer deposition times, the predominant component of the deposits is the β-Ni(OH)2 phase. The optimum electrode, Ni(OH)2/G(opt), exhibits remarkable EOR catalytic activity with an ethanol oxidation peak current of 325.35 mA/cm2. Moreover, Ni(OH)2/G(opt) demonstrates noteworthy activity and durability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M NaOH. Whereas the overpotential at current density of 10 mA/cm2 (ηt=0) is 0.37 V; however, after 24 h it slightly increases to (ηt=24h) 0.39 V. These values imply significant outcomes for our novel and straightforward preparation method for creating highly efficient electrocatalysts for both EOR and OER using time- and cost-effective materials.