Essential Points Research Articles

IDᾹRAT BARNᾹMAJ AL LUGHAH FĪ INTᾹJI AL AJYᾹL AL MUTAFAWWIQAH BI ALLUGHAH AL‘ARABIYYAT LADA AL MUASSASATI AL NᾹTHIQ AL ‘ᾹLAMI AL ‘ARABI

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Mastering the Arabic language is the dream of every learner of the Arabic language in Indonesia. The objectives of this research consist of two goals, the first is to find out how to manage the language program in producing outstanding generations in the Arabic language at the Arab International Speaking Foundation, and the second is to know the reflection of the language program on the formation of outstanding generations in the Arabic language at the Arab International Speaking Foundation. The researchers use descriptive qualitative research. It uses the data analysis technique of Milles and Hubermen with four stages data reduction, data presentation, data condensation, and inference. Data reduction is obtained in the field by choosing things related to language programs such as study hours, weekly activities, monthly activities, welcoming new students on the 10th or 25th of each month, data presentation is the data taken from the data collected and then arranged in a narrative paragraph so that it becomes Structured data Data condensation is a process of selection Focusing on, simplifying, summarizing, and changing field notes, interview transcripts, documents, or data in the field While inference is concluding the data collected to select data worth publishing. The results of this research indicate that the management of the language program in the production of outstanding generations in the Arabic language at the International Arabic Speaking Foundation includes four essential points: planning, organization, implementation, and evaluation. </em></p>

Evaluating the Pretoria Agreement: the limitations of presentist analysis of conflicts in Ethiopia

SUMMARY This debate piece contains an assessment of the debate on the ‘Pretoria Agreement’ (or Cessation of Hostilities Agreement) concluded on 2 November 2022 regarding the armed conflict in Ethiopia. On the basis of a critical discussion of a paper by F. Gebresenbet and Y. Tariku (2023) published in the Spring issue of the Review of African Political Economy (ROAPE), the author here contests the short-term analysis of the authors, who miss essential points of the wider context of political conflict in Ethiopia and also scholastically misrepresent some other authors in the debate.

The Economic Development of Asian Countries With Achievement of SDG 8: A Systematic Literature Review


 
 
 
 This study aims to find the correlation between goal 8 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the economic growth of countries in Asia. This study uses the research method applied in this study, the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which operates about 600 articles of scientific data sourced from the Scopus database in this review, using the Vosviewer application. The research results reveal many essential points in economic growth in achieving the goals of SDG 8. Since there are still many differences in development that support economic growth, the findings of this study are beneficial to a nation, particularly developing countries in Asia that are still lagging in their economies. With the implementation of the SDGs, the expectation is that the Asian countries are still languishing in infrastructure development as support for the product would realize, and economic growth would be distributed. SDG goal 8, "Economic Growth and Jobs Worth it," emphasizes growth in a more inclusive and sustainable economy, in addition to more productive and full employment opportunities and decent work for all. In addition, population growth is also a factor that has an essential role in achieving the expected economic growth, population density in a country will later impact the country's economy if the government takes no action to deal with this.
 
 
 

오스트리아학파 경기순환론에 대한 공공선택학파의 대응

Since Mises’ advocacy and Hayek’s refinement, ABCT(Austrian Business Cycle Theory) has been well formulated and showed valid explanation on actual economic business cycles as well. This article reveals how Public Choice responded to ABCT and how they developed its own ideas on business cycle. Gordon Tullock criticized Rothbardian sense of ABCT, followed by severe response from Sallerno. Some essential points on this argument were extracted to compare the basic difference of Tullock and Rothbard. ABCT activates business cycle when gov’t(central bank) ‘artificially’ lower the interest rate. Public Choice theorists focus on ‘why’ they do that. For ABCT, whether or not they have good intention is not important. PBCT, however, more emphasize that was done for the selfish political interests that politicians or bureaucrats have in political context. Austrians suggested new meaning to ‘bust’ phase of economic cycle, which under neo-classcical economics school long have been ignored as ‘bad’ event. ABCT assumes two key concepts; heterogeneity of capital, and mal-investment. PBCT is unfamiliar to those. So PBCT frequently does not identify the difference between over-investment and mal-investment, and assumes homogeneity of capital. It’s because Public Choice stands on neo-classical economics, not Austrian sense of economics. Then, four political business cycle theory(PBCT) models were reviewed: Opportunistic, Partisan, Rational Opportunistic, and Rational Partisan model. Austrians focusing on market process met Public Choice Theorists focusing political market met on the theme of business cycle. ABCT shows how ‘visible hand’ gives impact on market economy, and PBCT shows what impact business cycle has to political market. Each mutually gives sound tension, plus contributes to complementary explanation on overall business cycle.

On Verbal Cognition: Śāntarakṣita’s and Kamalaśīla’s Treatment of vivakṣā

Abstract Jinendrabuddhi, Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla are those who, while putting the ‘intention of the speaker’ (vivakṣā) at the core of their analysis of verbal communication, opt for a formal and technical treatment of the topic. In order to prove through coherent arguments that śābdajñāna is inference and therefore to support Dignāga’s reduction of the valid means of correct knowledge, they all identify vivakṣā with the property-possessor (dharmin) or probandum (sādhya), and śabda (‘word’) with the logical mark (liṅga) or probans (sādhana). They do so to counteract the criticisms of the opponents (Kumārila first of all). Nevertheless, while Jinendrabuddhi, following Dharmakīrti, recognizes the sheer pragmatic value of verbal cognition, Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla seem to follow Dignāga more closely and also recognize its epistemic value. The purpose of this article is precisely to describe the essential points of the arguments of Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla, and show their most original aspects.

Barriers to global pharmacometrics: educational challenges and opportunities across the globe.

Barriers to global pharmacometrics: educational challenges and opportunities across the globe.

Contributions to the Phenomenology of the Smile: Disruption during a Pandemic

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the meaning of the smile and how various kinds of disruptions motivate its thematization. In so doing, it broaches experiences in the recent pandemic, as the masked face disrupts the givenness of the smile. Indeed, the paper claims that such a situation affords the possibility of becoming even more attentive to the conditions of meaningfulness at a global scale. It evidences such a claim by first tracing some essential points of the meaning of meaning via the analysis of intentionality in the work of Edmund Husserl and Bernard Lonergan; then, it reviews the classic treatment of the smile’s meaning by Frederick Buytendijk, along with Lonergan’s further clarification of how an pre-thematic or elemental relation between persons conditions the phenomena; it concludes by suggesting how various sorts of disruption might motivate the smile’s thematization, especially in phenomenology’s inquiry back to the elemental dimension of meaning.

A View on Uterine Leiomyoma Genesis through the Prism of Genetic, Epigenetic and Cellular Heterogeneity.

Uterine leiomyomas (ULs), frequent benign tumours of the female reproductive tract, are associated with a range of symptoms and significant morbidity. Despite extensive research, there is no consensus on essential points of UL initiation and development. The main reason for this is a pronounced inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity resulting from diverse and complicated mechanisms underlying UL pathobiology. In this review, we comprehensively analyse risk and protective factors for UL development, UL cellular composition, hormonal and paracrine signalling, epigenetic regulation and genetic abnormalities. We conclude the need to carefully update the concept of UL genesis in light of the current data. Staying within the framework of the existing hypotheses, we introduce a possible timeline for UL development and the associated key events-from potential prerequisites to the beginning of UL formation and the onset of driver and passenger changes.

Contributions to the Phenomenology of the Smile: Disruption During a Pandemic

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the meaning of the smile and how various kinds of disruptions motivate its thematization. In so doing, it broaches experiences in the recent pandemic, as the masked face disrupts the givenness of the smile. Indeed, the paper claims that such a situation affords the possibility of becoming even more attentive to the conditions of meaningfulness at a global scale. It evidences such a claim by first tracing some essential points of the meaning of meaning via the analysis of intentionality in the work of Edmund Husserl and Bernard Lonergan; then, it reviews the classic treatment of the smile’s meaning by Frederick Buytendijk, along with Lonergan’s further clarification of how an pre-thematic or elemental relation between persons conditions the phenomena; it concludes by suggesting how various sorts of disruption might motivate the smile’s thematization, especially in phenomenology’s inquiry back to the elemental dimension of meaning.

Invisible-visual hallucinations in Bion’s “Attacks on Linking”*

ABSTRACT Writing Attacks on Linking, it is as if Bion had listened to his former analyst. In a lecture on technique given the year before, Klein expressed the wish that someone would write “a book about linking [...] one of the essential points in analysis”. Later taken up and commented on in Second Thoughts, Attacks on Linking, has become perhaps Bion's most famous paper and, Freud aside, the fourth most cited article in the whole of psychoanalytic literature. In the short and scintillating essay Bion presents the enigmatic and fascinating concept of invisible-visual hallucinations, which subsequently seems never to have been taken up and discussed as such by other scholars. The author's proposal is therefore to reread Bion's text starting from this concept. To try to give a definition that is as clear and distinct as possible, a comparison is made with those of negative hallucination (Freud), dream screen (Lewin), and primitive agony (Winnicott). Finally, the hypothesis is formulated that IVH could give us the model of what stays at the origin of any representation; i.e. a micro-traumatic inscription of the trace of stimuli (but which may come to be actually traumatic) in the psychic fabric.

Research on the Innovation and Future Development of China's Medical Insurance Negotiation Mechanism

In recent years, China's medical insurance negotiations have achieved remarkable results but still have shortcomings. China's medical insurance reform is currently in the exploratory stage. This article looks at the characteristics of the dual role played by the Chinese government in medical insurance negotiations, and analyzes the advantages and drawbacks of enterprises accessing or not accessing medical insurance. The article argues that China cannot replicate foreign medical insurance mechanisms but must establish its own innovative mechanisms. This paper describes the progress and current status of medical insurance negotiations in China and elaborates on the five stages of medical insurance negotiations including preparation, declaration, expert evaluation, negotiation, and announcement. The article highlights some essential points and misconceptions of the negotiation stage. By investigating the medical insurance negotiation mechanisms in the United States, Canada, and Germany, this paper summarizes the practical experiences of developed countries in the control of drug prices and the use of negotiation mechanisms. The article reveals the existing problems of China's medical insurance mechanism and proposes pragmatic and feasible suggestions. It has important theoretical and practical significance for improving the medical insurance mechanism and promoting the healthy development of the drug industry.

Topological Nodal Surface and Quadratic Dirac Semimetal States and van Hove Singularities in ScH3 and LuH3 Superconductors.

The coexistence of non-trivial topology and superconductivity in a material may induce a novel physical phenomenon known as topological superconductivity. Topological superconductors have been the subject of intense research, yet there are severe limitations in their application due to a lack of suitable materials. Topological nodal surface semimetals with nearly flat nodal surfaces near the Fermi level can be promising materials to achieve topological superconductivity. Here, we use first-principles calculations to examine the topological electronic characteristics of two new superconductors, ScH3 and LuH3, at both ambient and high pressures. Our studies show that both ScH3 and LuH3 have van Hove singularities, which confirms their superconductivity. Interestingly, both materials host topological nodal surface states under the protection of time reversal and spatial inversion symmetries in the absence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). These nodal surfaces are distinguished by a pair of unique drum-head-like surface states not previously observed in nodal surface semimetals. Moreover, the nodal surfaces transform into essential spin-orbit quadratic Dirac points when SOC is included. Our findings demonstrate that ScH3 and LuH3 are good candidates to investigate the exotic properties of both nodal surface semimetals (NSSMs) and quadratic Dirac semimetal states and also provide a platform to explore the coexistence of topology and superconductivity in NSSMs with promising applications in high-speed electronics and topological quantum computing.

Noh as Living Art: Inside Japan’s Oldest Theatrical Tradition by Yasuda Noboru

Reviewed by: Noh as Living Art: Inside Japan’s Oldest Theatrical Tradition by Yasuda Noboru Jane Traynor NOH AS LIVING ART: INSIDE JAPAN’S OLDEST THEATRICAL TRADITION. By Yasuda Noboru. Translated by Kawamoto Nozomu. Tokyo: Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture, 2021. xiii + 103 pp. Hardcover, ¥2,200. Yasuda Noboru’s Noh as Living Art, which is the English translation of his 2017 book Nō: 650-nen tsuzuita shikake to wa, is an excellent resource for readers looking to discover new points of access into the [End Page 209] world of nō. Yasuda’s perspective as a waki performer is a refreshing perspective to anglophone literature on the art of nō, which remains heavily biased towards the shite-centered discourse. He also notes in the preface to the English edition that he specifically does not engage in depth with the play texts in this book (x–xi) which, considering the abundance of English language resources on nō texts from a literary perspective, seems a sensible omission. What he does instead is establish various points of connection between nō and key moments history, as well as its relationship to literature, popular culture, and health and wellness merits over time—firmly situating the art in its contemporary context with language that is clear and accessible. Yasuda’s book is divided into eight concise chapters. Chapter One situates nō as a contemporary practice and introduces essential points, such as shoshin (“beginner’s mind”), nō’s flexibility over time, and the potential benefits of nō to life outside of the art, all of which he wants the reader to keep in mind. Chapters Two and Three do a reasonable job of summarizing over six hundred years of nō history into a mere twenty-three pages. As a unit, these first three chapters not only provide the reader with foundational knowledge from which they can build basic nō literacy but also illustrate the art’s historical trajectory with enough nuance to communicate that the nō we have today is the result of various adaptations over time, rather than a single unchanged tradition. Chapter Four moves into the nuts and bolts of nō performance, covering basic terms such as suriashi (sliding feet), jo-ha-kyu (“opening-development-climax”), utai (songs), and the categories of plays, as well as an introduction to the stage complete with a particularly clear diagram of the stage borrowed from Manga de tanoshimu nō kyōgen (Enjoying Nō and Kyōgen through Manga, p. 47). However, this chapter also reveals the downside to the more waki-centered approach. There is only a very short section dedicated to the use of masks—which is arguably one of the major draws for many people to the art. Yasuda himself acknowledges this personal gap in his expertise, attributing his knowledge of masks entirely to the experiences shared by his shite colleagues. When Yasuda discusses the mask, he uses the seemingly expressionless, or rather, subtly expressive masks, to make his assertion that the “mask by itself . . . is static and emotionally neutral” (p. 37). This is a very selective approach that prioritizes the more refined mask types, such as the trademark young women masks that often prove to be the iconic “face” of nō itself. Unfortunately, this also overlooks the wide diversity of elderly, gods, demons, and other entities that frequently grace the nō stage with their significantly stronger features. He does, [End Page 210] however, address the physical experience of wearing the masks and the impact it has on the performer, hence remaining true to the phenomenologically driven perspective of his book and perhaps providing enough of a hook to stimulate further engagement on the subject by the reader. Next, Yasuda devotes Chapter Five to Zeami’s “genius and legacy” (p. 49). Looking beyond the standard idolization of Zeami that is by no means unique to this book, this chapter uses Zeami as a means of introducing ideas around mugen nō (phantasmal nō), spirituality, hana (“The Flower”), and the iemoto (family head) system (the latter of which is potentially confusing since the term iemoto dates back to only the mid-eighteenth century despite nō lineages practically functioning as such since approximately Zeami’s time) (Rath 2016...

Economic Damage Levels of the Green Shield Bug (Palomena prasina, Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Türkiye Hazelnut Orchards

The green shield bug (GSB) (Palomena prasina, Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most important pests of hazelnut in Turkish hazelnut orchards. This harmful insect causes serious yield and quality losses by feeding directly on fruits every year. Their feeding on hazelnut fruits may result in nut abortion (empty nuts) in early season and cause shriveled and corked kernels in kernel expansion period. Insect pest management must be decided by depending on insect population level in field according to integrated pest management concept. Economic injury level (EIL) and economic threshold (ET) are the main essential points that must be considered in decision for insect pest control. Thus, it can be possible to protect the natural environment from unnecessary pesticide applications and the growers from high production costs. Therefore, determining of economic decision levels for controlling pests is critical. This is especially important for hazelnuts, which are grown on hundreds of thousands of hectares of land in Türkiye, and for the GSB, a serious pest that requires a couple of chemical applications per year. The economic decision levels vary mainly due to insect species and their damage potential, crop value in the market and control costs which can change over years and countries. This study aimed to calculate the EIL and ET values for GSB control action in hazelnut orchards in Türkiye using new economic market data. Based on previous research, the authors calculated the yield loss caused by one individual of GSB in this study. Direct yield loss, as well as quality and quantity losses from damaged kernels, were calculated separately and then totaled. The data, including crop value and control costs necessary for calculation was updated from free market sources. In the calculation of EIL/ET, the most common formula (EIL= C/ VxbxK) was used. As a result, the economic threshold for a single insecticide application was determined to be3.8 insect/da (=0.1 ha) for K=1 value and 4.76 insect/da for K=0.8 value, for single insecticide application. When ET values were converted in traditional Turkish approach that is special for hazelnut orchards; ET values for K=1 and K=0.8 were 0.76 insect/ 10 “hazelnut “ocak” (traditional growing of hazelnut plants together) and 0.95 insect/ 10 “ocak” respectively. If 2 applications per year for GSB were considered, ET values were doubled up and calculated to be 7.6 and 9.47 insect/da for K=1 and K=0.8 value respectively, and thusly 1.52 and 1.9 insect/ 10 “ocak” for Türkiye. For practical reasons, the ET value for GSB was recommended as 10 insect/da and 2 insects/10 “ocak”, for Türkiye, with consideration of 2 chemical applications and K= 0.8.

Blockchain

Blockchain is another innovation with solid ramifications for the eventual fate of how we trade data and money as a comprehensively organized society. It is new to the point that there is moderately minimal scholastic work done on it, yet this is evolving rapidly. For this writing survey, we have started by gathering an example of principally peer-inspected sources, and additionally an educational diagram of articles from different channels. Our determination of articles enables us to give an agent perspective of three essential points. In the first place, a portion of the essential current themes being talked about with respect to blockchain innovation. Second, the agent classifications of said points. Third, the potential fate of blockchain improvement alongside its effect on society and innovation.

Numerical and experimental investigation of dynamic tube hydroforming to examine the prediction on it by genetic programming

PurposeThe process of hydroforming is defined as the formation of parts into the internal mold design using internal pressure. This process can extensively reduce parts and secondary operations, and adoption to the loading path is one of its most essential points. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachA dynamic loading path was taken into account in the current study, and a drop hammer was employed for this purpose, decreasing the time and requiring less number of systems.FindingsOne of the main observations of this research is that selecting side punches with a smaller central hole radius is proportional to the kinetic energy and the amount of fluid. Moreover, it can be effective in achieving the optimal loading path.Originality/valueIn addition to experiments for numerical analyses, the finite element simulation model was provided via Abaqus software in which the Eulerian–Lagrangian coupling method was utilized for evaluating the tube forming process through repeating the fluid flow formation because of the effect. Moreover, the genetic programming model was efficient for determining the most suitable input parameters regarding prediction for the minimum thickness which examined the efficiency of the process and presented a mathematical relationship.

Urban green management plan: Guidelines for European cities

Urban green areas are essential components of a city. They guarantee an adequate quality of life by providing several ecosystem services. Green areas must be designed and managed appropriately with a long-term approach ensuring a healthy urban ecosystem. It is possible to observe how especially in the USA and Canada there is a useful tool for this purpose, the Urban Forest Management Plan. The aim of this study is to understand which practical and effective plans were available for manage public urban green spaces in Europe, before COVID-19 (non-routine period), in order to carefully set up management plans. In order to reach the goal a bibliographic review was performed and reported following the PRISMA Statement. Furthermore, a research was carried out on the main management plans adopted by the municipalities in European capitals. In this regard, the research tries to investigate the knowledge base that European municipalities can use to set up an urban green management plan. The narration of the outcomes was designed as an initial guide aimed primarily at public administrators by providing them with a path and a scheme on how to structure a long-term green management plan in European cities. In the hope that even European municipalities can adopt a long-term green management plan, we propose a scheme to be followed to achieve this goal, with the indication of five essential points to be taken into account.

Systematic, substantive and functional comparison between the holy Qur’an and Pancasila

The Qur’an and Pancasila are two sources of Indonesian values that are existentially different from each other. Despite the difference, they both factually could walk in harmony, and it is important to seek the similarities and differences between them. This article presents the systematic, substantive, and functional reasons for how they could work altogether by looking at the similarities and differences in anatomy, taxonomy, substance, and function of each component of the Qur’an and Pancasila. Utilizing a naturalistic approach with content analysis genre, the writers collected the data from various documents, including; manuscripts of the Qur’an, Pancasila, speeches of the founding fathers of Indonesia, and the previous research results using document recording sheets. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis techniques and displayed in pictures and tables. The results showed: (1) the anatomy of the Qur’an consists of four components, namely: divinity, law, history, and story, while the anatomy of Pancasila only consists of a law component; (2) the taxonomy of the Qur’an is intersected with one another, while the taxonomy of Pancasila is stratified. The values in all components are generally the same, and the divine value is the primary value. The taxonomy of values in Pancasila is degraded and systemic, with the divine value as the main value / encompassing other values (prima causa); (3) the Qur’an’s substance covers all life dimensions while the dimensions of Pancasila are limited to law. One of the essential points in this section is that Pancasila makes the Qur’an a source of value; (4) the Qur’an is partially or holistically functional while Pancasila is holistically functional. Therefore, componential and substantial, the Qur’an and Pancasila have similarities, while structurally and functionally, they are different.Contribution: The results of this study described a systematic sequence, substantive relationships and functional pattern between the Qur’an and Pancasila. These research findings are expected to reduce misunderstandings among the Indonesian people about the Qur’an and Pancasila.

Systematic, substantive and functional comparison between the holy Qur’an and Pancasila

The Qur’an and Pancasila are two sources of Indonesian values that are existentially different from each other. Despite the difference, they both factually could walk in harmony, and it is important to seek the similarities and differences between them. This article presents the systematic, substantive, and functional reasons for how they could work altogether by looking at the similarities and differences in anatomy, taxonomy, substance, and function of each component of the Qur’an and Pancasila. Utilizing a naturalistic approach with content analysis genre, the writers collected the data from various documents, including; manuscripts of the Qur’an, Pancasila, speeches of the founding fathers of Indonesia, and the previous research results using document recording sheets. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis techniques and displayed in pictures and tables. The results showed: (1) the anatomy of the Qur’an consists of four components, namely: divinity, law, history, and story, while the anatomy of Pancasila only consists of a law component; (2) the taxonomy of the Qur’an is intersected with one another, while the taxonomy of Pancasila is stratified. The values in all components are generally the same, and the divine value is the primary value. The taxonomy of values in Pancasila is degraded and systemic, with the divine value as the main value / encompassing other values (prima causa); (3) the Qur’an’s substance covers all life dimensions while the dimensions of Pancasila are limited to law. One of the essential points in this section is that Pancasila makes the Qur’an a source of value; (4) the Qur’an is partially or holistically functional while Pancasila is holistically functional. Therefore, componential and substantial, the Qur’an and Pancasila have similarities, while structurally and functionally, they are different. Contribution: The results of this study described a systematic sequence, substantive relationships and functional pattern between the Qur’an and Pancasila. These research findings are expected to reduce misunderstandings among the Indonesian people about the Qur’an and Pancasila.

Advances in Automatic Meeting Minute Generation: A Survey

We faced the largest crisis of the twenty-first century at the start of 2020: the COVID-19 pandemic. In the midst of the turmoil, the generation ultimately found a method to get the job done by using automation in many aspects of life. Following the epidemic, we saw an 87% increase in video conferencing technologies for daily communications. Almost everything, from online gatherings to college lectures to business meetings, was housed on the internet, which, because it was virtual, increased the odds of ineffective interactions. In reality, statistics collected from employees across all domains reveal that people frequently miss essential points since taking minutes of meetings is a time-consuming, distracting, and extremely dull chore, and that over 37 billion dollars is squandered on ineffective meetings. Keeping track of significant decisions and agreements that were reached at a meeting requires the use of meeting minutes. The issues addressed and the choices made must be recorded in order to be reviewed at the start of the following meeting and for future reference. Many businesses retain salaried personnel to take minutes of meetings, using up valuable time and resources. We provide a method to enable staff members to have productive conversations that will increase a company's productivity by making greater use of the tools and technical improvements that are now accessible. Our approach extracts crucial information from significant debates using Deep Learning methods. The suggestion is for an automated method to record minutes and transcripts of a meeting with the benefit of speaker identification. The model we suggest will be able to recognise the speaker using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC)[12], convert an audio file into plain text using Deep Neural Networks (DNN), and summarise the meeting transcript into condensed minutes with the aid of Transformers.