Essential Points Research Articles

Compound of ties between companies that operate in a business network

Objective: This theoretical essay aims to present the compound of socioeconomic ties between companies that operate in a business network, whose finality is to increase the company's competitiveness. The compound was developed from the effort to combine and harmoniously integrate three theoretical foundations — business networks theory, transaction cost theory and relational view. Method: The methodology has characteristics of an exploratory study to develop a theoretical essay and adopts the deductive method from the three theories mentioned. The research question was: Which elements of the three theories have the potential to substantiate the compound of interorganizational socioeconomic ties existing in a business network? Main Results: Six components of the compound of socioeconomic ties were identified: interorganizational relational experience, interdependence, technological symmetry, relationship length, transactions frequency, and finality. Relevance / Originality: There are indications that the compound is original, as no other equal was found in the literature. Thus, it expands knowledge of the administration science and managerial practice. Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: For academic researchers, the compound makes it possible to understand the six components that characterize the essence of a socioeconomic tie, an essence that guides and facilitates research development on business networks, whether from a competitive or a cooperative viewpoint. For organizational managers, the compound enables them to understand the essential points of the relationship and instrumentalizes them to establish objective and effective interorganizational relationships with any company type, whether a competitor or a partner with which the company cooperates.

Non-linear behavior of functionally graded elastoplastic beam under torsion

The torsional behavior of beams graded in one and two directions under large displacements and angular deformations was analyzed using the power law and sinusoidal functions. Functionally graded material is elastoplastic, consisting of ceramic and metal. A nonlinear finite element method with isoparametric hexahedral elements was used. The finite element formulation was made using the updated Lagrangian formulation based on the virtual displacement principle. An iterative solution using Newton-Raphson and updated Newton-Raphson methods was used to solve the nonlinear equation system. The propagation of the plastic zone was calculated based on the flow theory of plasticity. Elastoplastic behavior and effective material properties were determined according to the TTO model. Numerical investigations have shown that functionally graded beams behave quite differently from homogeneous beams under torsion. Yielding of the material starts at the outer boundaries of the section of the homogeneous beams, and the plastic zone propagates symmetrically. On the other hand, yielding and propagation of plastic zones tend to shift to regions with more ceramic volume with higher effective Young modulus in functionally graded beams. Unlike homogeneous beams, the largest shear stresses can occur within the section rather than at the outer boundaries of the section. In beams graded from ceramic to metal using the power law, the section moves along the transverse direction in addition to the rotation. This transverse displacement occurs in the grading direction, and its magnitude is about 3% of the thickness at 12.5° rotation angle. Also, the shear stresses are not zero in the section's midpoint. The effects of material distribution on displacements, stresses, and plastic zone propagation were examined, and essential points were reported.

Cellular automata simulation of cavity growth during creep of Al–Mg alloy

Lifespan of high temperature services could seriously be affected by cavitation and thus, prediction of this phenomenon is considered as a significant task. A two-dimensional cellular automata approach coupled with governing equations for cavity nucleation and growth was developed to predict the size and distribution of cavities. Different growth mechanisms including diffusion and strain-controlled processes were taken into account and also, the coalescence phenomenon and the corresponding growth rate were considered in the model. The creep experiments were conducted on AA5052 under different temperatures and applied stresses such as 15 MPa at 300 °C, 20 MPa at 300 °C and 30 MPa at 270 °C for providing essential data points. Afterwards, the optical metallography and the scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the cavity size and distribution. The obtained results were then used to determine material constants and validate the simulation outcomes and a reasonable consistency was found between the predictions and experimental data. It was found that the strain-controlled growth is the dominant mechanism for strains larger than 0.04 while the coalescence of cavities might be significant when cavity volume fraction is higher than 0.5%. The simulations showed that the large cavity radius was observed when growth rate due to coalescence was implemented in the model.

Molecular Pathology of Thyroid Tumors: Essential Points to Comprehend Regarding the Latest WHO Classification.

In 2022, the new WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fifth Edition (beta version) (WHO 5th), was published. Large-scale genomic analyses such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) have revealed the importance of understanding the molecular genetics of thyroid tumors. Consequently, the WHO 5th was fundamentally revised, resulting in a systematic classification based on the cell of origin of tumors and their clinical risk. This paper outlines the following critical points of the WHO 5th. 1. Genetic mutations in follicular cell-derived neoplasms (FDNs) highlight the role of mutations in the MAP kinase pathway, including RET, RAS, and BRAF, as drivers of carcinogenesis. Differentiated thyroid cancers such as follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have specific genetic alterations that correlate with morphological classifications: RAS-like tumors (RLTs) and BRAF p.V600E-like tumors (BLTs), respectively. 2. The framework for benign lesions has been revised. The WHO 5th introduces a new category: "developmental abnormalities". Benign FDNs comprise "thyroid follicular nodular disease", follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), FTA with papillary architecture, and oncocytic adenoma (OA). "Hürthle cell adenoma/carcinoma" is renamed oncocytic adenoma/carcinoma of the thyroid (OA/OCA), which can be distinguished from FTA/FTC by its unique genetic background. 3. Low-risk tumors include NIFTP, TT-UMP, and HTT, and they have an extremely low malignant potential or an uncertain malignant potential. 4. PTC histological variants are reclassified as "subtypes" in the WHO 5th. 5. The concept of high-grade carcinomas is introduced, encompassing poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma (DHGTC), and high-grade medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). 6. Squamous cell carcinoma is included in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) in the WHO 5th due to their shared genetic and prognostic features. 7. Other miscellaneous tumors are categorized as salivary-gland-type carcinomas of the thyroid, thyroid tumors of uncertain histogenesis, thymic tumors within the thyroid, and embryonal thyroid neoplasms. The WHO 5th thus emphasizes the importance of classifying tumors based on both genetic abnormalities and histomorphology. This approach aids in achieving accurate pathological diagnosis and facilitates the early selection of appropriate treatment options, including molecular targeted therapies.

The Origin and Regulation of Neuromesodermal Progenitors (NMPs) in Embryos.

Neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs), serving as the common origin of neural and paraxial mesodermal development in a large part of the trunk, have recently gained significant attention because of their critical importance in the understanding of embryonic organogenesis and the design of in vitro models of organogenesis. However, the nature of NMPs at many essential points remains only vaguely understood or even incorrectly assumed. Here, we discuss the nature of NMPs, focusing on their dynamic migratory behavior during embryogenesis and the mechanisms underlying their neural vs. mesodermal fate choice. The discussion points include the following: (1) How the sinus rhomboidals is organized; the tissue where the neural or mesodermal fate choice of NMPs occurs. (2) NMPs originating from the broad posterior epiblast are associated with Sox2 N1 enhancer activity. (3) Tbx6-dependent Sox2 repression occurs during NMP-derived paraxial mesoderm development. (4) The nephric mesenchyme, a component of the intermediate mesoderm, was newly identified as an NMP derivative. (5) The transition of embryonic tissue development from tissue-specific progenitors in the anterior part to that from NMPs occurs at the forelimb bud axial level. (6) The coexpression of Sox2 and Bra in NMPs is conditional and is not a hallmark of NMPs. (7) The ability of the NMP pool to sustain axial embryo growth depends on Wnt3a signaling in the NMP population. Current in vitro models of NMPs are also critically reviewed.

LogPrécis: Unleashing language models for automated malicious log analysis: Précis: A concise summary of essential points, statements, or facts

Security logs are the key to understanding attacks and diagnosing vulnerabilities. Often coming in the form of text logs, their analysis remains a daunting challenge. Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated unmatched potential in understanding natural and programming languages. The question arises as to whether and how LMs could be also used to automatise the analysis of security logs. We here systematically study how to benefit from the state-of-the-art LM to support the analysis of text-like Unix shell attack logs automatically. For this, we thoroughly designed LogPrécis. LogPrécis receives as input malicious shell sessions. It then automatically identifies and assigns the attacker tactic to each portion of the session, i.e., unveiling the sequence of the attacker's goals. This creates a unique attack fingerprint. We demonstrate LogPrécis capability to support the analysis of two large datasets containing about 400,000 unique Unix shell attacks recorded in a 2-year-long honeypot deployment. LogPrécis reduces the analysis to about 3,000 unique fingerprints. Such abstraction lets us better understand attacks, extract attack prototypes, detect novelties, and track families and mutations. Overall, LogPrécis, released as open source, demonstrates the potential of adopting LMs for security analysis and paves the way for better and more responsive defence against cyberattacks.

Multi-Feature Map Integrated Attention Model for Early Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Using Irregular Health Examination Records.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide chronic disease that is difficult to cure and causes a heavy social burden. Early prediction of T2D can effectively identify high-risk populations and facilitate earlier implementation of appropriate preventive interventions. Various early prediction models for T2D have been proposed. However, these methods do not consider the following factors: 1) health examination records (HER) containing health information before diagnosis; 2) rating information containing clinical knowledge; and 3) local and global information of time-series features. These diagnostically relevant factors need to be considered. It is challenging due to irregular and multivariate time series. In this paper, we propose the multi-feature map integrated attention model (MFMAM) for early diabetes prediction using HER. Specifically, HER is converted into the multi-feature map to capture local and global volatility, as well as the sequence order of high-dimensional features. We concatenate rating indicators to introduce clinical knowledge. In addition, considering missing and temporal patterns, we utilize missing and time embedding to learn the complex transition of health status. We adopt attention mechanisms to capture essential features (channels) and time points (spatial). To evaluate the proposed model, we conducted experiments on real-world long-term HER. The results demonstrated that MFMAM outperformed baseline models on tasks of varying sequence lengths and prediction windows. Moreover, we applied our designs to baseline models, and their performance was considerably improved. The proposed model contributes to the short-term and long-term early prediction of T2D in individuals with varying information richness.

Writing Case Reports Can Improve Seven Components in Clinical Reasoning.

Case reports provide scientific knowledge and opportunities for new clinical research. However, it is estimated that less than 5% of cases presented by Japanese generalists at academic conferences are published due to various barriers such as the complex process of writing articles, conducting literature searches, the significant time required, the reluctance to write in English, and the challenge of selecting appropriate journals for publication. Therefore, the purpose of this opinion paper is to provide clinicians with practical tips for writing case reports that promote diagnostic excellence. In recent years, clinical practitioners have been striving for diagnostic excellence and optimal methods to accurately and comprehensively understand the patient's condition. To write a case report, it is essential to be mindful of the elements of diagnostic excellence and consider the quality of the diagnostic reasoning process. We (the authors) are seven academic generalists who are members of the Japanese Society of Hospital General Medicine (JSHGM) - Junior Doctors Association, with a median of 7 years after graduation and extensive experience publishing case reports in international peer-reviewed journals. We conducted a narrative review and discussed ways to write case reports to promote diagnostic excellence, leveraging our unique perspectives as academic generalists. Our review did not identify any reports addressing the critical points in writing case reports that embody diagnostic excellence. Therefore, this report proposes a methodology that describes the process involved in writing diagnostic excellence-promoting case reports and provides an overview of the lessons learned. Based on our review and discussion, we explain the essential points for promoting diagnostic excellence through case reports categorized into seven components of clinical reasoning. These strategies are useful in daily clinical practice and instrumental in promoting diagnostic excellence through case reports.

In-situ heating-and-electron tomography for materials research: from 3D (in-situ 2D) to 4D (in-situ 3D).

In-situ observation has expanded the application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and has made a significant contribution to materials research and development for energy, biomedical, quantum, etc. Recent technological developments related to in-situ TEM have empowered the incorporation of three-dimensional observation, which was previously considered incompatible. In this review article, we take up heating as the most commonly used external stimulus for in-situ TEM observation and overview recent in-situ TEM studies. Then, we focus on the electron tomography (ET) and in-situ heating combined observation by introducing the authors' recent research as an example. Assuming that in-situ heating observation is expanded from two dimensions to three dimensions using a conventional TEM apparatus and a commercially available in-situ heating specimen holder, the following in-situ heating-and-ET observation procedure is proposed: (i) use a rapid heating-and-cooling function of a micro-electro-mechanical system holder; (ii) heat and cool the specimen intermittently and (iii) acquire a tilt-series dataset when the specimen heating is stopped. This procedure is not too technically challenging and can have a wide range of applications. Essential technical points for a successful 4D (space and time) observation will be discussed through reviewing the authors' example application.

Fallo renal agudo y sepsis en el paciente oncológico.

Introduction: The precise incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the population oncology remains unknown; however, the impact is strong on morbidity and mortality and in hospitalization costs. Sepsis and hypoperfusion are very common etiologies of AKI in cancer patients converge on pre-renal and intrinsic causes. Objective of the review: The review aims to describe the main aspects of pathophysiological and establish diagnostic and treatment criteria in patients with Acute kidney injury and sepsis in cancer patients. Essential points of the review: A significant group of cancer patients With immunosuppressants, they develop viral infections with sepsis and acute kidney failure. Although the AKI in patients with sepsis is multifactorial; the primary mechanism is tubular necrosis acute after renal hypoperfusion due to circulatory failure. The early administration of Antibiotics and control of the etiological basis of sepsis are usually the pillars of prevention. Conclusion: The prognosis of ICU patients with severe sepsis-related ARF is poor, reaching an in-hospital mortality rate of 70%. Furthermore, the presence of leukemia or lymphoma is an independent predictor of mortality in the ICU. Unfortunately, no agent has proven effective in preventing severe sepsis.

Nefropatía inducida por Ácido Aristolóquico.

Introduction: Aristolochic acids contain a carboxylic nitro phenanthrene group and can be found in medicinal herbs of the genus Aristolochia. Their nephrotoxicity has been confirmed in endemic geographic areas such as the Balkans of Europe and the Central American region. The clinical findings consist of tubulointerstitial nephropathy and generally go unnoticed until the advanced stages of chronic kidney disease. Objective of the review: The aim is to describe the main pathophysiological aspects and establish diagnostic and treatment criteria in patients with Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy. Essential points of the review: About 180 types of aristolochic acids (AAs) have been discovered, the most critical types AAΙ, AAΙΙ, AAΙΙΙa (AA C) and AAΙVa (AA D), which are differentiated according to the position of their hydroxyl radical (OH), hydrogen (H) and methoxyl (OCH3). AA-induced nephropathy occurs through at least five pathways that associate the depletion of intracellular glutathione, cellular damage due to induction of cell apoptosis, direct damage to the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial damage. This produces atrophic tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis; the metabolite has a bladder neoplastic effect. Conclusion: The incidence of aristolochic acid nephropathy is probably much higher than initially thought, and its existence should be considered in patients who present with chronic kidney disease with a tubulo-interstitial clinical pattern.

The Configuration of GRB2 in Protein Interaction and Signal Transduction.

Growth-factor-receptor-binding protein 2 (GRB2) is a non-enzymatic adaptor protein that plays a pivotal role in precisely regulated signaling cascades from cell surface receptors to cellular responses, including signaling transduction and gene expression. GRB2 binds to numerous target molecules, thereby modulating a complex cell signaling network with diverse functions. The structural characteristics of GRB2 are essential for its functionality, as its multiple domains and interaction mechanisms underpin its role in cellular biology. The typical signaling pathway involving GRB2 is initiated by the ligand stimulation to its receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The activation of RTKs leads to the recruitment of GRB2 through its SH2 domain to the phosphorylated tyrosine residues on the receptor. GRB2, in turn, binds to the Son of Sevenless (SOS) protein through its SH3 domain. This binding facilitates the activation of Ras, a small GTPase, which triggers a cascade of downstream signaling events, ultimately leading to cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Further research and exploration into the structure and function of GRB2 hold great potential for providing novel insights and strategies to enhance medical approaches for related diseases. In this review, we provide an outline of the proteins that engage with domains of GRB2, along with the function of different GRB2 domains in governing cellular signaling pathways. This furnishes essential points of current studies for the forthcoming advancement of therapeutic medications aimed at GRB2.

Multivariate Analysis of CO2 Emissions by Energy Generation in IEA Member Countries

The concentration of carbon dioxide (), the main catalyst for global warming, reached an average of 414.7 parts per million in 2021 and 2.3 ppm more than in 2020. This concentration of is the highest recorded in at least 800,000 years, according to the International Energy Agency. The increase in the concentration of is a growing concern in the scientific community and environmental organizations since the increase in global temperature resulting from this phenomenon can lead to serious and irreversible effects. This topic has gained space in global analyse and has become increasingly recurrent. This research aimed to deal with and analysed essential points in this discussion. With the study, it was possible to point out evidence that Brazil is a country that has been significantly reducing its emissions, being in the cluster along with IEA member countries that least issue . With this article, it was possible to point out similar characteristics between the emissions of the countries, making it possible to highlight three latent variables: countries that have a constant tall or low trend in emissions, Grouping of countries that showed an upward trend at the beginning of the analysed period, but with a significant reduction over time, and countries that have had more discrepant behaviour from the others, these being the countries that have a structural breakdown in their time series of emissions by power generation.

Emotional well-being and success in team sports

In the fast-paced and highly competitive modern world of team sports, where success in competitions is linked to athletes' physical abilities, their emotional and mental potential, the phenomenon of athletes' emotional well-being is important. Emotional well-being refers to how well people are able to accept and manage their emotions, feelings, experiences and even cope with problems throughout life. This article presents a comprehensive theoretical, psychological analysis of the relationship and interaction between emotional well-being and successful sports results in team sports. A review of modern psychological research and publications on the problem under study is aimed at identifying the relationship between emotional competence, leadership, sports performance and emotional well-being of professional athletes in team sports. The goals of this study are to examine and reveal the relationships and interactions between emotional well-being and the performance of athletes in team sports. The tasks of this research suggest a theoretical study of the problem of emotional competence, leadership and their impact on the emotional well-being and daily functioning of team sports athletes. Using research methods including psychological assessment, interviews, surveys, and in-depth interviews, we gather the necessary data to illuminate the relationships between emotional well-being and the performance of athletes in team sports. This article includes essential research points, addresses the problem under study, reviews recent research, and highlights unsolved aspects in the field of emotional well-being of athletes in team sports. The results of the research can be used to develop educational and training programs aimed at increasing the emotional competence of athletes, to increase their effectiveness in interpersonal and group interaction and to achieve success in competitions in team sports.

What the Milan conference has taught us about analytical performance specification model definition and measurand allocation.

Analytical performance specifications (APS) represent the criteria that specify the quality required for laboratory test information to satisfy clinical needs. In 2014 the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) considered timely to update the topic of APS by organizing a conference in Milan in which some strategic concepts were proposed. Here I summarize the essential points representing the EFLM Strategic Conference heritage and discuss the approaches that will permit us to become more concrete, including roles and main actions expected from each of involved stakeholders for contributing a quantum leap forward in the way of practicality of Milan consensus about APS.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Luminescent Crystallized Cu Nanoclusters.

Photoluminescence (PL) emission is an intriguing characteristic displayed by atomically precise d10 metal nanoclusters (NCs), renowned for their meticulous atomic arrangements, which have captivated the scientific community. Cu(I) NCs are a focal point in extensive research due to their abundance, cost-effectiveness, and unique luminescent attributes. Despite similar core sizes, their luminescent characteristics vary, influenced by multiple factors. Progress hinges on synthesizing new NCs and modifying existing ones, with postsynthetic alterations impacting emission properties. The rapid advancements in this field pose challenges in discerning essential points for excelling amidst competition with other d10 NCs. This Perspective explores the intricate origins of PL emission in Cu(I) NCs, providing a comprehensive review of their correlated structural architectures. Understanding the mechanistic origin of PL emission in each cluster is crucial for correlating diverse characteristics, contributing to a deeper comprehension from both fundamental and applied scientific perspectives.

A decade of research in medical physics: A review and bibliometric study

Medical physics is one of the branches of applied physics that grew up in the era of COVID-19. This research aims to explore the research trends in medical physics in the last decade. The specific objectives that will be discussed in this research are essential as a reference for future research on medical physics. This study utilizes a bibliometric study to explore the research trends of medical physics in the last decade. There are 2295 documents analyzed in the study. The study resulted in some essential points. The number of articles increased dramatically during COVID-19. Medicine and Physics were the top subject areas in medical physics. Authors from Australia dominated research on medical physics. The words “article,” “medical imaging,” and “physics” were weighted the most in co-occurrences of keywords. The USA was the dominant country, and English was the language used in researching medical physics. Allison et al. were the authors who gained the most citations. Research on medical physics resulted in four dominant clusters: medicine concerning science and medical physicists, some experiments in medical physics, the measurement process in medical physics, and the association of medical physics.

Tęsknota za człowieczeństwem. Dehumanizacja w muzyce gry Cyberpunk 2077

Video games are often analysed as textual objects. This default literary point of view, while providing valuable conclusions, fails to observe some essential points that are realised in different modes of narration. Here I will analyse the Cyberpunk 2077 video game from a musical perspective. I will be “listening to” the game rather than “reading” it. This kind of hermeneutical approach will highlight certain ideas of CP2077. I will focus on the issue of dehumanisation, and show that musically the game places special emphasis on this. I will point out the musical characteristics that can affect players and interpret the rationale behind it.

Multivariate analysis of CO2 emissions by energy generation in IEA member countries

The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), the main catalyst for global warming, reached an average of 414.7 parts per million in 2021 and 2.3 ppm more than in 2020. This theme is significant and has gained space in global discussions. This research aimed to deal with and analyze essential points in this discussion. With the study, it was possible to point out evidence that Brazil is a country that has been significantly reducing its CO2 emissions, being in the cluster along with IEA member countries that least issue CO2 . With this article, it was possible to point out similar characteristics between the CO2 emissions of the countries, making it possible to highlight three latent variables: countries that have a constant tall or low trend in CO2 emissions, Grouping of countries that showed an upward trend at the beginning of the analyzed period, but with a significant reduction CO2 over time, and countries that have had more discrepant behavior from the others, these being the countries that have a structural breakdown in their time series of CO2 emissions by power generation.

Comparison of the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided GON blockade using low and high concentrations of bupivacaine in chronic migraine.

In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively compare the effect of greater occipital nerve (GON) block performed with ultrasonography using low (0.3%) and high (0.5%) concentrations of bupivacaine on pain scores and patient satisfaction in chronic migraine (CM). The mean number of days with pain, the mean duration of pain in the attacks, and the highest numerical rating scale (NRS) scores recorded in the 1 month preblock and 1 and 3 months postblock of 80 patients (40 for Group 1, 0.3% bupivacaine; 40 for Group 2, 0.5% bupivacaine) who underwent ultrasonography-guided GON block were recorded from the patient file data. According to the protocol applied by our clinic, GON block was applied to each patient 6 times with the same procedures, in total. While there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the number of days with pain and the maximum NRS score in the 1-month preblock evaluation (p = 0.01, p < 0.001), at 3 months postblock, no statistical difference was observed in terms of the number of days with pain, duration of pain, or NRS score (p = 0.961, p = 0.108, and p = 0.567). In the intragroup evaluations, at 3 months postblock, the number of days with pain decreased from 17.5 days to 7 days in Group 1 and from 24.0 days to 8.0 days in Group 2. The duration of pain and maximum NRS values were statistically significantly decreased in the intragroup evaluation in both groups pre and postblock. Complications arising from the procedure and the local anesthetic used are essential points to consider in applying GON block. In CM treatment using GON block application, a similar effect to the standard local anesthetic application (0.5%) can be achieved by administering local anesthetic at a lower dose (0.3%).