Essential Points Research Articles

GEREJA ORANG BASUDARA: THE CONTESTED NARRATIVE FROM THE PROTESTANT CHURCH OF MOLUCCAS

This article describes the Gereja orang basudara concept in The Protestant Church of Maluku as the umbrella protecting and showing civic engagement, such as our strong tradition, religious institution, and mutual trust in Maluku. There are two essential points which are the history of Muslims-Christians' engagement in building social interaction and problem-solving after conflict by large, a sphere of solidarity. This research employed narrative research on the qualitative research method through historical and autoethnography approaches. The research result found that, first, the Gereja orang basudara term lives on the grassroots of society but did not show up in the institutional regime, which caused the failure of religious institutions and leaders to stop the violence during the social conflict in Maluku in 1999. After the battle, the Protestant Church of Moluccas practices peacebuilding by claiming their space and sphere as the room for all, where the church exists not only as a building for Christian people but also for Muslim people. Finally, the church does peacebuilding similar to peacebuilding in everyday life.

Comment on “prevalence and risk factors of dysphagia in patients with multiple sclerosis”

We read the recent interesting article entitled “Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dysphagia in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis,” published in Dysphagia on February 2021. We believe the discussion part of this study could have provided further and more precise interpretations regarding its results. Thus, we would also like to comment our inferences in accordance with its results to highlight some essential points.

Operative considerations and surgical treatment of sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations: a 20-year experience.

Sylvian fissure (SF) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are among the most challenging vascular lesions amenable to neurosurgical treatment and account for 10% of all locations. As radiosurgery and endovascular techniques are increasingly involved in multimodal management protocols, the role of microsurgery needs to be reassessed as a stand-alone technique. The aim of this study was to show that total excision can be achieved with reasonable levels of morbidity and mortality in a real-world setting from a specialized high-volume center. Forty-three patients with SF AVMs were identified from a series of 577 AVM patients treated microsurgically over a 22-year period. The mean patient age was 33.07 years (range 15-60 years), and there were 22 male and 21 female patients. The mode of presentation was headache in 51.2%, hemorrhage in 34.9%, seizures in 30.2%, and steal phenomenon in 9.3%. The authors analyzed the anatomical basis and angiographic characteristics of such lesions. In the preoperative period, 83.7% of the patients had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2, and 16.3% had an mRS score of 3-5. After a 12-month follow-up, 95.3% of patients had an mRS score of 0-2, and 4.7% had a score of 3-6. The difference between pre- and postoperative scores was not statistically significant. SF AVMs have several particular features: 1) They produce angiographic steal of the anterior cerebral artery. 2) The nidus is fed by only one of the main trunks of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). 3) Participation of deep perforators is uncommon. 4) They have two or more early draining veins showing their fistulous nature. 5) Preoperative embolization and radiosurgery have a low rate of permanent cure. These AVMs represent a surgical challenge due to their proximity to critical structures such as the MCA, insula, internal capsule, and speech and memory functions in the dominant hemisphere. Essential key points are the wide opening of the SF and proper differentiation between feeders and normal vessels. Although this location can seem daunting, SF AVMs carry no additional surgical risk if adequately managed.

A New Lane Keeping Method Based on Human-Simulated Intelligent Control

In this paper, a novel lane keeping control method for automated vehicles based on human-simulated intelligent control (HSIC) is proposed, which is inspired by human expert drivers’ steering characteristics including good foresight, precise execution and notable intermittency. The novelty of the paper is to introduce the HSIC concept into lateral control of vehicles, which is a multi-mode control scheme implemented by the combination of the feedforward control for curve tracking and act-and-wait control for intermittent error correction. Theoretically, the stabilization problem of the HSIC method is investigated based on the switched system related method. Experiments on the joint simulation platform of PreScan and CarSim show that the newly presented HSIC scheme has better matching performance to the expert driver and good robustness. For automated lane keeping systems, the HSIC method could provide human-like qualities, which may be one of the essential points to determine whether the driver is comfortable or not when the driver hands over the steering authority, improve the transition smoothness in the scenario of human vehicle co-piloting, and eliminate the potential conflicts between manual driving and automated driving vehicles in the future mixed traffic flow.

A Review Study of Research Articles on the Barriers to Inclusive Education in Primary Schools

This article presents a review of research studies related to the theme of barriers to inclusive education in primary schools. The basic data set for our study consisted of 27 expert articles selected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases according to clearly defined criteria. The result of the analysis provided findings that appear across all the texts. The research questions of this review study are what the barriers to inclusion in primary schools are, what we know about them, and whether there are ways to reduce them. We focused in more detail on the themes of discrepancies between legislation and practice, teaching barriers in the classroom, transdisciplinarity and inter-professionalism, and methodological specifics. In the analysis and discussion, we delineate the essential points of the individual articles by searching for similarities and differences among the texts.

К вопросу об экспериментальном описании семантики языковых единиц

The article discusses the levels of description of the meaning of a word, among which a psycholinguistic description is singled out, made on the basis of the results of psycholinguistic experiments. The author points out the merits and advantages of the experimental technique, dwelling on the essential points of its application. The psycholinguistic meaning of a word is described as a set of semantic components identified through special processing of experimental results, which are the reactions of native speakers to stimulus words as a reflection of their linguistic consciousness. On specific examples, the article shows the methods of sememе and seme interpretation of the linguistic material obtained in the course of psycholinguistic experiments. The possibilities of this technique are considered and theoretically substantiated when fixing the connotative macro-component of the meaning. The necessity of a comprehensive integrated approach to the description of the semantics of a word, including a generalized lexicographic description, the results of contextual analysis and psycholinguistic experiments, is emphasized. In this case, much attention should be paid to the field approach to the semantic structure of word meanings, since in traditional explanatory dictionaries the arrangement of word meanings does not always correspond to the semantic core-periphery principle. Accounting for quantitative indicators that mark the brightness and, accordingly, a high level of communicative relevance of the associative reactions of the participants in the experiments, is essential for the implementation of the field structuring of semantemes and sememes. The article notes the invaluable contribution of the scientific and theoretical school of Voronezh State University in the field of general and Russian linguistics and personally I.A. Sternin in the development of the theoretical foundations of the psycholinguistic description of the meaning of the word. This direction has been applied in the form of a whole series of “Psycholinguistic explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language” published under the editorship and with the direct participation of the well-known linguist, which contributes to the further progress of psycholinguistic lexicography.

Data Storage and Security in Cloud Computing: A Survey

Cloud computing is envisioned as the next generation of IT enterprise design. Cloud computing distributes application software and data bases to massive data centres, where data and service management may not be completely reliable. This creates a slew of new security issues that have yet to be properly addressed. In this article, we primarily focus on features for ensuring data storage security in the cloud, as well as architecture for data storage that is applied by other cloud service providers vendors, and essential points for establishing data storage security.

Nurses’ perception of Using Dexamethasone (Decadron) For COVID-19 Patients: Based on PCS Model

Objectives: To identify nurses’ perception of using Dexamethasone for COVID-19 patients and how the medical, hospital, and community aspects interfere the use of this medication.Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study that conducted among nurses in Duhok City/ Kurdistan region/Iraq. The questionnaire was developed by the authors for the purpose of this study, and it was composed of two main parts. Part one is related to demographics and part two is divided to three subscales which asking for the medical, hospital, and community aspects. The data analysis was conducted by using SPSS (Version25). Descriptive analysis was conducted using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. To identify the relationship between the aspects, Chi-square test was conducted.Results: The study revealed that the nurses know the importance and effectiveness of using dexamethasone for COVID-19 patients and its role in decreasing the need for mechanical ventilation and oxygen administration. The community has an impact on nurses’ work and intervention regarding the use of dexamethasone (Decadron) for COVID-19 patients.Conclusion: The study highlighted essential points regarding the use of dexamethasone (Decadron) for COVID-19 patients. The health care providers included nurses need to ensure that dexamethasone (Decadron) is one of the effective medications for COVID-19 patients despite the impact of community on their implications.Recommendations: the authors recommended more study to be conducted to identify COVID-19 patients’ knowledge and perception regarding the use of Dexamethasone and other medications that are used for COVID-19. Also, increasing community orientation and knowledge regarding this disease by television programs, seminars, and group works. Keywords: Dexamethasone (Decadron), Community, COVID-19, COVID-19 treatments, Nurses’ perception

The Artificial Intelligence and Neural Network in Teaching.

This study aims to explore the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and network technology in teaching. By studying the AI-based smart classroom teaching mode and the advantages and disadvantages of network teaching using network technology and taking the mathematics classroom as an example, this study makes an intelligent analysis of the questioning link of classroom teachers in the teaching process. For the questions raised by teachers, the network classification models of convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) are used to classify the questions according to the content and types of questions and carry out experimental verification. The results show that the overall performance of the CNN model is better than that of the LSTM model in the classification results of the teacher's question content dimension. CNN has higher accuracy, and the classification accuracy of essential knowledge points reaches 86.3%. LSTM is only 79.2%, and CNN improves by 8.96%. In the classification results of teacher question types, CNN has higher accuracy. The classification accuracy of the prompt question is the highest, reaching 87.82%. LSTM is only 83.2%, and CNN improves by 4.95%. CNN performs better in teacher question classification results.

Characteristics of patients with violent recidivism in the forensic mental health system in Japan

ABSTRACT Methods A retrospective study was conducted with patients involuntarily admitted to psychiatric hospitals. Patients were divided into the following two groups based on whether they had a history of legal proceedings before committing the act that subjected them to their current sentence: those who repeatedly harmed others (RHO) and those who did not (NRHO). We compared their characteristics and performed a two-variable logistic regression analysis. Results The total number of patients was 210. The RHO and NRHO groups included 51(24.3%) and 159(75.7%) patients. A comparison between the two groups revealed that patients in the RHO group were overwhelming male, with substance use and intellectual problems. The two-variable logistic regression analysis results indicated that the variables associated with RHO were ”F1” and ”a history of involuntary admission” in order of high odds ratios. Conclusion The essential points regarding support for the RHO group were as follows: (1) intervention at the stages of initial criminal proceedings and involuntary admission, and (2) collaborative support between penal codes and the public health, medical, and welfare systems.

Revisiting global food production and consumption patterns by developing resilient food systems for local communities

The achievement of resilient food systems requires an integrated approach between optimal localization of productions and changes in food consumption and between local evaluations of the food system and global visions. In this regard, we developed a Food Self-Sufficiency Index. The index evaluates food self-sufficiency achievable in a study area where its community chooses between alternative suggested diets, and the food productions are relocalized using crop suitability maps. The index can be used at different geographical scales, from a single rural settlement to regional and country-level, up to worldwide. It revisits the food components of the ecological footprint and biocapacity to build a tool for supporting local institutions' decisions in food planning at different levels. In this paper, we discuss how the FSSI could help in increasing the resilience of food production and consumption systems. The paper outlines these essential points for the improvement of the food resilience of an area that aims to improve its self-sufficiency (i) Improving technical solutions, (ii) Improving the communities' involvement, (iii) Improving agro-biodiversity, and (iv) Using complex system approaches in food planning. The Food Self-Sufficiency Index is a powerful supporting decision tool to achieve all the previous goals.

The Curious Case of IL&FS Financial Crisis

This case attempted to demystify the IL&FS financial crisis of 2018, which grappled with various Indian financial markets. The case presented immediate probing issues to the investors as key stakeholders, the first being the factors that played the role of catalyst leading to a blow-up of the IL&FS financial crisis and the second being the identification of preventive measures to create a robust vigilance system. The case also outlined how the default of IL&FS on some of the debt instruments triggered the domino effect in the money market, equity market, bond market, and mutual funds in the ever-increasingly connected financial world. It highlighted crucial internal and external factors which acted as key drivers in the IL&FS financial crisis. This crisis also exhibited strong interconnection of financial markets as troubles in one market spread across other markets. The study brought to the fore the role of regulatory bodies, independent audit agencies, and credit rating agencies in the development of such a crisis. It contributed by creating a critical platform to raise essential points for further discussions related to the emergence of the IL&FS crisis, the factors driving this crisis, and its impact on the sustainability of the financial ecosystem of India.

“Cum grano salis”

Abstract This short note is devoted to presentation of the essential points in the history of collaboration between the present-day Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence of the University of Granada and the Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, with special emphasis on the place, taken in this collaboration by Control and Cybernetics. Thus, I mention encounters, conference meetings, jointly undertaken projects, as well as certain selected publications. In doing this, I also try to delineate the substance matter of the collaboration, which formed the backbone of it.

Nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Duhok City

Background and Objectives: Covid-19 is one of the health issues that has had a major impact on health services all around the world. It was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2021. The nurses were on the frontline of the fight against the Covid-19, which had physical, psychological, social, and economic effects on health and health outcomes. It is crucial that nurses’ experiences during the pandemic are identified. This study aimed to explore nurses’ experiences, knowledge, and practices regarding the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses in the Duhok City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The online survey was distributed to nurses using a structured questionnaire. The number of nurses who participated in the study was 110. The data col-lection was conducted from 10th May to 10th August 2021. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS statistical software (version 23.0). Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Results: The study revealed that the mean age of nurses was 30 years with a standard deviation of 7 years. The highest percentage of the nurses (44.5) were a Bachelor’s degree holders. The nurses had concerns regarding their employment status, workload, and threatened to leave their job. Having sufficient personal protective devices and work protocols to help decrease the risk of infection and stress and anxiety were important issues. Nurses need more training and support systems from leaders and employers to go for-ward and work safely and comfortably. Conclusions: The study highlighted essential points regarding the nurses’ experiences during the pandemic such as the impact of workload, shortage in staffing, threatened termination of employment, and having to do non-nursing activities or tasks. It was clear that the nurse managers have a significant role in providing efficient support to nurses.

A rank subdivision of equivalent score for enhancing neuropsychological test norms

IntroductionNeuropsychological assessment of cognitive functioning is a crucial part of clinical care: diagnosis, treatment planning, treatment evaluation, research, and prediction of long-term outcomes. The Equivalent Score (ES) method is used to score numerous neuropsychological tests. The ES0 and the ES4 are defined respectively by the outer tolerance limit and the median. The intermediate ESs are commonly calculated using a z-score approach even when the distribution of neuropsychological data is typically non-parametric. To calculate more accurate ESs, we propose that the intermediate ESs need to be calculated based on a non-parametric rank subdivision of the distribution of the adjusted scores.Material and methodsWe make three simulations to explain the differences between the classical z-score approach, the rank-based approach, and the direct subdivision of the dependent variable.ResultsThe results show that the rank procedure permits dividing the region between ES0 and ES4 into three areas with the same density. The z-score procedure is quite similar to the direct subdivision of the dependent variable and different from the rank subdivision.ConclusionsBy subdividing intermediate ESs using the rank-subdivision, neuropsychological tests can be scored more accurately, also considering that the two essential points for diagnosis (ES = 0 and ES = 4) remain the same. Future normative data definition should consider the best procedure for scoring with ES.

Der Arzt als „Verwalter des Rassengutes“?

Throughout the first half of the 20th century, people were encouraged to choose their spouses based on heredity, race, and health in order to rid the “racial corpus” of “inferior” genetic material and to strengthen the genetic material of future generations. In the course of the eugenic and racial-hygienic discourse in Germany and Hungary, as well as in many other European countries and the USA, legal measures such as the compulsory exchange of health certificates before marriage, accompanied by bans on “unhealthy” or “inferior” marriages, were discussed by population policy. Subsequently, various pieces of legislation were passed that mandated marriage counselling as a basis for further eugenic measures, both selection and promotion. Starting on a voluntary basis, marriage counselling became compulsory in Germany from 1933 and in Hungary from 1941. The following article first looks at the different stages of legislations before discussing the differences and similarities between the German and Hungarian laws. The focus is on the question of whether doctors were used in both countries as “administrators of the hereditary property” and whether it is possible to speak of a mutual influence of the legislation. The legal comparison reveals that the legislations differed considerably in essential points.

The agony of university choice: Broaden horizons, expand participation?

ABSTRACT This study investigates how personality and individual experiences influence decision-making processes during the transition into Higher Education (HE). It offers insights into application choices, where applicants employ different quantitative hedging strategies against non-admission. These strategies are assessed by the number of applications but also the search radius, leading to an alternative’s inclusion into the application set. An empirical analysis of the usually unobserved application stage shows how these hedging strategies depend on applicants’ perceptions of psychic costs and their socio-demographic backgrounds. This heterogeneity may explain varying participation rates for different subpopulations in a country with a large HE sector, such as Germany. An essential finding points to the relevance of earlier mobility experiences during adolescence, which may act as facilitators of subsequent student mobility. Providing adolescents with a stimulating mobility experience before they consider transitioning to university could thus be an avenue to increase participation chances of potentially disadvantaged groups.

Heavy-Ion Collisions toward High-Density Nuclear Matter.

In the present paper, the current efforts in heavy-ion collisions toward high-density nuclear matter will be discussed. First, the essential points learned from RHIC and LHC will be reviewed. Then, the present data from the STAR Beam Energy Scan are discussed. Finally, the current efforts, NICA, FAIR, HIAF, and J-PARC-HI (heavy ion) are described. In particular, the efforts of the J-PARC-HI project are described in detail.

Virtual Socio-Cultural Worlds on Open Internet Platforms

The possibility of direct communication between a huge number of non-public people on the open Internet platform, coupled with the ability to observe this process, which is being implemented by even more people, is the catalyst for the emergence of virtual socio-cultural worlds – conditional groups that are united by a single meaning and value field. Motive-target analysis of comments and feedback on comments on the open Internet platform “Zen” showed that one of the key semantic messages, which encourages a huge number of our compatriots to respond on the Internet and thus the manifestation of the most significant, essential points of their worldview, is the leitmotif of the importance of moral values and the requirements of their conformity at all levels of social and personal life. The mass participation of our compatriots in communication interactions on open Internet platforms is a variant of civic participation in its new, modern form, in which optimal conditions for self-determination, social adaptation and socialization arise. The key to the social significance of the meanings “living” here are the key supports for a person and society associated with traditional moral values, ideas and traditions. Control by state regulatory structures over the criteria for assessing blogs that analyze socio-political events and problems seems appropriate and socially significant. The reasons for their closure (“banning”) should be understandable, reasonable and transparent for all participants in communication interactions.

Martha the Hostess and Mary the Listener. A Dialogue with two Feminist Interpretations of Luke 10:38-42

This article examines the pericope of Lk 10:38-42 through the lens of gender. It presents the specific contributions of E. Schüssler Fiorenza and also M. Perroni, both of whom have interpreted the passage according to a feminist approach. The former has developed some hermeneutical criteria while the latter has insisted on female discipleship, claiming that, for Luke, the women are believers but not missionaries. The present article turns critically on the essential points of the two commentators, showing that a careful philological and contextual analysis does not allow the episode to be read as a representation of ministry in the Church. Instead, Mary’s behaviour of placing herself at the Lord’s feet appears alienating, an action which is both surprising and contrary to the social canons. The episode lays stress on precisely this difference, showing that the two poles are not "service" and "listening" but rather "distracting preoccupations" versus a "disciple’s attitude". The behaviour of the two sisters thus functions as a mirror by which the reader is invited to discern different attitudes towards Jesus.