Erythrina Research Articles

Requirements for efficient plantlet regeneration using cotyledonary nodal explants of purple coral tree (Erythrina fusca Lour.)

There are over hundred species in the genus Erythrina which are of practical importance in multiple ways. The requirements for Erythrina plantlet regeneration in vitro were rarely studied. Surface-sterilized seeds of purple coral tree (Erythrina fusca Lour.) exhibited a high germination rate (80%) in vitro. The cotyledonary nodes from the one-month-old purple coral tree seedlings grown in vitro were used as explants. About 70% of the cotyledonary nodal explants exhibited shoot regeneration when the explants were cultured vertically with the cut ends inserted into basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium compared to only 10% of those placed lying horizontally on the surface of the medium. Supplementation of the basal MS medium with 1 mg L−1 of BAP, 1 mg L−1 kinetin and 1 mg L−1 TDZ resulted in the greatest shoot elongation and the highest number of shoots developed from the cotyledonary nodal explants. The regenerated shoots were able to root (100%) on basal MS medium while supplementation with 2 mg L−1 of either NAA or IBA was inhibitory to root elongation. This is the first study on plantlet regeneration of purple coral tree which seems to have more complex requirements for shoot regeneration in vitro than those reported for the other three Erythrina species. Since only 30% of the rooted in vitro shoots survived during acclimatization following a previously published protocol for acclimatization of another plant, it is recommended that future studies are to investigate the requirements of higher plantlet survival for the rooted in vitro shoots of purple coral tree.

Acute feeding effects of Erythrina variegata proteinase inhibitor and Momordica balsamina proteinase inhibitor on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda

Proteinase inhibitors (PIs) are widely distributed plant defense proteins against herbivores. Exploiting these proteins in insect control tactics is one of the environmental friendly methods. In this context the present study was undertaken to study the effect of partially purified proteinase inhibitors from Indian coral tree, Erythrina variegata (EvPI) and balsam apple, Momordica balsamina (MbPI) on growth and development of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. The three day old larvae were fed with maize leaves treated with EvPI (1, 3 and 6 %) and MbPI (1, 3 and 6 %) and EvPI 6% + MbPI 6% for three days (acute feeding) and untreated leaves until pupation. After feeding, the growth parameters like larval weight, pupal weight, adult weight, larval and adult period were not influenced upon treatments. However, malformations were observed in these treatments and it ranged from 10 to 20 %. There was pupal mortality (12.5 %) in MbPI 6% and combination treatment and adult emergence was reduced upto 12.5 % in these treatments. These results suggest that these treatments did not have great influence on growth and development when fed for short period. Hence, the PIs from E. variegata and M. balsamina shall be used in development of transgenic plants, as transgenic plant will provide opportunities for the larva to continuously feed on thePIs which will affect the growth and development of fall armyworm.

José M. Estevez.

José M. Estevez.

In Vitro Regeneration of Coral Tree from Three Different Explants Using Thidiazuron

The coral tree (Erythrina variegata) is a multipurpose horticultural plant with a plethora of medicinally important alkaloids. Regeneration via tissue culture can provide an efficient alternative to seed-grown plantlets and reduce the cost of the plant significantly. Thidiazuron (TDZ) is an efficient plant growth regulator and is effective in numerous species. However, the response to it varies with the type and position of the tissue on the plantlet treated. This study was carried out to ascertain the best tissue types for micropropagation of the coral tree using TDZ. Three tissue types (shoot tip, nodal, and hypocotyl), originating from different strata of the plantlet were evaluated. Adventitious shoots were observed in all three explants at the tested concentrations. However the quality and the shoot number varied significantly with the type of explant. Explants with a meristematic zone (shoot tip and nodal) were more responsive to the treatment compared with hypocotyl tissue lacking preexisting meristem. Nodal explants produced the maximum number of shoots (about eight) per explant after 4 weeks of culture, whereas shoot tips produced about only five shoots per explant at an equimolar concentration (1.5 µm). Approximately three shoots were observed in hypocotyl explants. Moreover, growth and rooting of the regenerated shoots was influenced by the origin of the explants. The molecular characterization of the regenerants using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers revealed genetic homogeneity among regenerants. An efficient micropropagation method for the coral tree is described.

Erythrina suberosa: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities.

Plants are a great and irreplaceable source of medicines, fuel, food, energy and even cosmetics. Since prehistory, humans have learned to use plants for survival, growth and proliferation and still today it relies on natural and cultivated vegetables for food and the source of novel compounds with pharmacological activity. Not only herbs and flowers, but also trees are used. Indeed, Erythrina suberosa Roxb. is a deciduous tree of the family Fabaceae, common in Southeast Asia. In India, E. suberosa is called the “corky coral tree” or simply the “Indian coral tree”, given its peculiar red-orange flowers that can flower throughout the year and its corky irregular bark covered by prickles. It is a plant commonly used as an ornamental tree, but it also holds ethnopharmacological and socioeconomic uses. This article explored phytobiological features of E. suberosa, analysing its taxonomy, examining its traditional and common uses and investigating its bioactive components and pharmacological properties.

Anti-depressant activity of Erythrina variegata bark extract and regulation of monoamine oxidase activities in mice.

Erythrina variegata, commonly referred to as 'Indian coral tree' belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is a plant native to the coast of India, China and is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. In traditional medicine, E.variegata is known to exhibit anxiolytic and anti-convulsant activities and has been used as a nervine sedative. As per the Indian Materia Medica, E.variegata barks have been traditionally known to act on the central nervous system. However, there is a lack of data demonstrating this. Our study focuses on previously unreported anti-depressant activity of E.variegata bark ethanolic extract (EBE) and determination of its mechanism of action possibly through regulation of monoamine oxidase activity in mouse brain homogenates. EBE was characterized using standard protocols for phytochemical analysis, followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The compounds in EBE (previously reported for anti-depressant activity), were further studied by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analysis. Anti-depressant activity of EBE (50, 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated in Swiss albino mice using acute and chronic tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) models. Furthermore, the possible mechanism of action of EBE was evaluated using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model, wherein inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B were assessed by spectrophotometric-chemical analysis in mouse whole brain homogenates. EBE showed significant reduction in immobility time periods in both TST (acute: 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg and chronic: 100 and 200 mg/kg) and FST (acute: 200 mg/kg and chronic: 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg) models. Moreover, the locomotor activity test confirmed that acute and chronic administration of EBE did not significantly affect the motor activity of mice. In the CUMS model, EBE when administered alone (100 and 200 mg/kg) and in combination (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) with escitalopram (15 mg/kg), showed significant reductions in immobility time periods compared to the control group, in the acute FST performed on 22nd day of CUMS. Furthermore, when administered alone (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), EBE showed significant inhibition in MAO-A and B activities compared to the control group. When used in combination, EBE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) showed synergistic action with escitalopram (15 mg/kg), resulting in significantly greater inhibition of MAO-A and B activities, compared to both EBE alone and escitalopram alone. Phytochemical analysis of EBE revealed presence of sugars, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids and tannins. LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, GC-MS and GC-MS/MS analysis identified components in EBE, previously reported for their anti-depressant activity. The study thus concluded the anti-depressant like activity of EBE. The study identified components present in EBE that may be responsible for its anti-depressant activity. The possible mechanism of action of EBE was also investigated in the CUMS model, wherein inhibitory effects of EBE on MAO-A and B activities in the mouse brain were demonstrated. Furthermore, the study confirms the traditional use of E.variegata barks in CNS related activities through its anti-depressant like activity.

A next generation approach to species delimitation reveals the role of hybridization in a cryptic species complex of corals

BackgroundOur ability to investigate processes shaping the evolutionary diversification of corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) is limited by a lack of understanding of species boundaries. Discerning species of corals has been challenging due to a multitude of factors, including homoplasious and plastic morphological characters and the use of molecular markers that are either not informative or have not completely sorted. Hybridization can also blur species boundaries by leading to incongruence between morphology and genetics. We used traditional DNA barcoding and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing combined with coalescence-based and allele-frequency methods to elucidate species boundaries and simultaneously examine the potential role of hybridization in a speciose genus of octocoral, Sinularia.ResultsSpecies delimitations using two widely used DNA barcode markers, mtMutS and 28S rDNA, were incongruent with one another and with the morphospecies identifications. When mtMutS and 28S were concatenated, a 0.3% genetic distance threshold delimited the majority of morphospecies. In contrast, 12 of the 15 examined morphospecies formed well-supported monophyletic clades in both concatenated RAxML phylogenies and SNAPP species trees of > 6000 RADSeq loci. DAPC and Structure analyses also supported morphospecies assignments, but indicated the potential for two additional cryptic species. Three morphologically distinct species pairs could not, however, be distinguished genetically. ABBA-BABA tests demonstrated significant admixture between some of those species, suggesting that hybridization may confound species delimitation in Sinularia.ConclusionsA genomic approach can help to guide species delimitation while simultaneously elucidating the processes generating coral diversity. Results support the hypothesis that hybridization is an important mechanism in the evolution of Anthozoa, including octocorals, and future research should examine the contribution of this mechanism in generating diversity across the coral tree of life.

Another species of Quadrastichus (Hymenopera; Eulophidae; Tetrastichinae) attacking Erythrina (Fabaceae) in the Neotropics: a report from Costa Rica

Since the description of Quadrastichus erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) in 2004, this invasive species has been reported in various tropical and subtropical regions, causing damage to several species of coral trees (Erythrina spp.). Here we report the presence of yet another invasive Quadrastichus attacking native and introduced species of Erythrina in Costa Rica. We present morphological evidence that strongly suggests that this species is not Q. erythrinae; rather, the species found in Costa Rica appears to be either Q. bardus or an undescribed species. We call for an urgent international effort to characterize the phytophagous Quadrastichus species associated with Erythrina species from around the world in order to clarify which species are invasive and document where these invasive species are currently known to occur.

A spearthrower butt from Widgingarri, Western Kimberley, Western Australia

Despite the dominance of wood-based technologies in Australian Aboriginal techno-complexes, recovery of archaeological examples is exceedingly rare in the north of the continent where environmental conditions are most harsh for such archaeologically fragile items. Here we report the discovery of a 210 year old spearthrower butt made from bat-wing coral tree (Erythrina vespertilio) from the Worrorra site of Widgingarri 9 (western Kimberley).

Hepatoprotective activity of Erythrina × neillii leaf extract and characterization of its phytoconstituents

BackgroundNatural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents have the ability to restore normal balance to destructed liver cells. The genus Erythrina has attracted attention for its broad spectrum of physiological activities and its rich polyphenolic and alkaloid contents. Hypothesis/PurposeThe major phytoconstituents of Erythrina × neillii, an ornamental coral tree and a hybrid between E. herbacea and E. humeana that was not previously studied, were investigated. The hepatoprotective effect and underlying mechanisms were also assessed. Study design and methodsThe main phytoconstituents in the different fractions of the alcoholic leaf extract (dichloromethane and ethyl acetate) were identified using high resolution high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HR-HPLC-MS-MS) based on the fragmentation pattern and molecular formula of the identified compounds and on previous literature. In addition, the hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of three doses of E. × neillii alcoholic leaf extract (100, 250, 500 mg/kg) were investigated in methotrexate (MTX)-intoxicated rats and were compared with those of silymarin-treated rats. Liver function parameters were obtained, and a histopathological study was performed. In addition, the anti-inflammatory mediators and the antioxidant system in the liver tissues were assessed. ResultsThe dichloromethane extract revealed an abundance of alkaloids (25), in addition to tentatively identifying flavone (1), flavanone (1) and three fatty acids. Additionally, thirty-six compounds belonging to different classes of phytoconstituents with a predominance of flavonoids (21), O/C-flavone and flavonol glycosides, followed by alkaloids (9), fatty acids (4) and (2), and phenolic glycoside were identified in the ethyl acetate extract. Compared with MTX, alcoholic leaf extract (500 mg/kg) ameliorated the MTX-induced alterations by improving several biochemical marker levels, fighting oxidative stress in serum and liver tissues, and decreasing inflammatory mediators; this finding was further confirmed by the histopathological study. ConclusionThis study reveals E. × neillii, a rich source of flavonoids and alkaloids, which could be further exploited to provide a promising and safe antihepatotoxic agent source.

Consideraciones para la aplicación del método Coral Tree Nursery en la recuperación de poblaciones de Acropora valida (Acroporidae) en dos zonas neríticas de Galápagos, Ecuador

Resumen: el presente documento describe diferentes aspectos técnicos que se deben considerar para implementar el método de reproducción asexual Coral Tree Nursery y efectuar el seguimiento de su grado de éxito al trabajar con la recuperación de poblaciones del coral Acropora valida, presente en zonas coralinas de aguas neríticas de las Islas Galápagos. Se analiza el contexto teórico del desarrollo de este método, así como la descripción física del mismo, las zonas de Galápagos en las cuales podría ser aplicado y la forma de seguimiento y análisis técnico de la información relacionada con la supervivencia, crecimiento y prendimiento de los fragmentos de coral incluidos en los viveros propuestos. 
 Palabras Clave: Islas Galápagos, corales, Acropora valida, zona nerítica, Coral tree nursery.

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity using Artemisia afra, Psidium guajava and Erythrina lysistemon on Staphylococcus species

Background: Medicinal plants contain components of therapeutic value and provide an alternative form of available antibiotics to multiple infections. Development of microbial resistance to the available antibiotics has further enhanced the investigation of the role of antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants. Method: Here we report the antimicrobial properties of Artemisia afra, Psidium guajava and Erythrina lysistemon extracts obtained by using two different extraction solvents. Extracts were subjected to tests using zones of inhibition, Thin Layer Chromatography and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: Pronounced antimicrobial activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus using the ethanol extraction technique. However, no statistical significance was observed between the results produced using extracts from both methods A (according to dilution factor) and B (method 3a of the German Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia). Conclusion: The potential for developing antimicrobials from plants in vivo provides a platform for phytomedicine and pharmacological studies.

DNA Barcoding to Confirm the Morphological Identification of the Coral Trees (Erythrina spp., Fabaceae) in the Ancient Gardens of Naples (Campania, Italy).

The coral trees (genus Erythrina) have been fostering great interest among the botanists and gardeners of Naples, since their arrival in Europe in the second half of the 18th century. Numerous species were present in the royal and private botanical gardens of the region, but their number has decreased today. The purpose of this work was to verify which species occur nowadays in the public areas of Naples and associate them with the historical information about their introduction. The identification was carried out also by molecular methods, by means of sequencing nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers. The comparison of the sequences obtained for the specimens present in Naples with those present in the literature, together with a morphological examination, allowed us to identify with accuracy the species anciently introduced or nowadays cultivated in Naples.

São Tomé Island Endemic Treefrogs (Hyperolius spp.) and Land-Use Intensification: A Tale of Hope and Caution

Forest degradation is a major driver of the global biodiversity declines. However, responses to forest degradation vary greatly between taxa and are predominantly understudied. This study investigates the effects of land-use change on the endemic amphibian fauna of São Tomé Island (Central Africa), where a fast-growing human population increases pressure on forest resources. We sampled acoustic data on reed frog ( Hyperolius spp.) abundance at eight transects in each of four land-use categories, representing different levels of forest degradation: old-growth forest, secondary forest, agroforest, and horticulture. While Hyperolius molleri was most abundant in secondary forest and horticulture, Hyperolius thomensis was almost exclusively found in agroforest. We interpret these differences based on reproductive traits, since both species deposit terrestrial eggs and have aquatic larvae, but reproduce in different microhabitats. H. molleri utilizes open water bodies bordered by vegetation for calling and oviposition, which human disturbance has made available in secondary forest and horticulture. In contrast, H. thomensis breeds in water-filled tree holes (phytotelmata), which predominantly occurred in agroforest, often within coral trees ( Erythrina spp.). This first study on Santomean amphibian abundances revealed that H. molleri and H. thomensis males exhibit distinct nonlinear responses to forest degradation and may reap some benefit from human habitat alteration. However, despite their apparent tolerance to some anthropogenic disturbance, further land-use intensification may reduce overall habitat suitability for these and other endemic species.

Insight into Erythrina Lectins: Properties, Structure and Proposed Physiological Significance

The genusErythrina,collectively known as “coral tree”, are pantropical plants, comprising of more than 112 species. Since the early 1980s, seven of these have been found to possess hemagglutinating activity, although not yet characterized. However, around two dozen galactose-binding lectins have been isolated and fully characterized with respect to their sugar specificity, glycoconjugates agglutination, dependence of activity on metal ions, primary and secondary structures and stability. Three lectins have been fully sequenced and the crystal structures of the two proteins have been solved with and without the haptenic sugar. Lectins isolation and characterization from most of these species usually originated from the seeds, although the proteins from other vegetative tissues have also been reported. The main objective of this review is to summarize the physicochemical and biological properties of the reported purifiedErythrinalectins to date. Structural comparisons, based on available lectins sequences, are also made to relate the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of these proteins. Particular attention is also given to the proposed biological significance of the lectins from the genusErythrina.

LOCAL CRAFT-MANSHIP AND WISDOM ON COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEM OF KHMER ETHNIC GROUPS IN SURIN PROVINCE,THAILAND AND SIEMREAP PROVINCE, CAMBODIA

This research purposed attainment preparing materials, craftsmanship and compares the elements of craftsmanship in Community Health Systems ethnic Khmer Surin, Thailand and Cambodia. The Qualitative research, an Ethnocentric data was collected by interview,in-depth interviews and participant observation. The main key respondants were priests, novices, patients and care givers, patients' relatives, Folk Philosophers Including a feminist local healer called Ma-Ma. An analyzed and synthesized and Conclusions was based on systematic thinking Decoding intellectual and interpretation of the (Claude levi-strauss.1986 and 1973).The study found that the handcrafts role in community health care system seem to focus on the cone bevel which tighten up from ground floor level. It is considered Supernatural but it is made of local materials under natural conditions. They use the trunk and leaves of banana trees coconut trees, jackfruit trees, the leaves of the Bodhi tree and Indian coral tree Blady grass and Artificial materials are used to make durable Parts, crumpled paper, colored paper foam and aged glossy paper.Artifacts that reflect the role of handicrafts in the health system including community health are called “GURU” The beveled layers indicate teachers and deities levels or layers. The ritual are indispensable and hold a central place which is adorned with marquee pillars called majority pillars stock. The Artifacts role of ceremony was basic psychological treatment in the community. Including things such as the nine Square tray, Betel nut blocks (a set of four bevel) prieces of Brahmanism and Buddhism worship.It is sometimes used as a birth worship set.Local craftsmanship wisdom in the community health system has inherited a rich cultural heritage because the preparation of the materials, and the ceremony combined with the traditional beliefs and worship are all part of the ceremony. Brahmanism and Buddhism respect the belief on faith is to be accepted. The cooperation for the purpose of the ritual is a part of the wisdom and has a significant role in the community. The co-operation for the purpose of the ritual for the community. The ritual has a significant role at the local level and is a part of the public health system, and should be upgraded as a service to the community. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2017.32.10491056 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

Structure of dinitrogen fixing nodules in Erythrina poeppigiana

The development and anatomy of root nodules induced in seedlings of Erythrina poeppigiana by a strain of Bradyrhizobium spp (CR 751) is described. Infection apparently occurred via injuries where lateral roots (devoid of root hairs) emerged. The first sign of infection was a group of epidermal cells (fluffy) on the secondary (emerging) root that covered the nodule primordium. Here, thin-walled cells with plastids and in active division were observed but not infection threads. Infection appears to have occurred via protoxylem which was preceded by a dissolution of the vessels' cell wall. A peribacteroid, membrane-generating organelle in infected cells is described. The adjacent noninfected cells showed electron dense depositions (phenolics 2). Developed nodules were spherical 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter. The surface was corky, with lenticels. The peridermis showed several layers of suberized dead cells. The cortex consisted of external, medium and internal layers. Vascular bundles ran in the medium cortex in a centripetal way to join the root vascular system at the base of the nodule. In these vascular bundles, baciliar bacteria were observed which were confirmed to be Bradyrhizobium sp (results of a separate study using immunocitochemistry). Bacteroids densely filled infected cells of the nodule medulla within peribacteroid membranes. Among infected cells non-infected auxiliary cells were seen loaded with starch granules. During later stages of root development few root hairs appeared on tertiary and secondary roots. Infection also occurred via root hairs, resulting in oblong nodules caused by a tumefaction of the root cortex .

Potential pesticides for control of a recently introduced ambrosia beetle (Euwallacea sp.) in southern California

Polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) has recently invaded southern California. This beetle attacks more than 200 host tree species, including avocado (Persea americana Mill.) and many important native, urban landscape and nursery stock trees including sycamore (Platanus racemosa Nutt.), and box elder (Acer negundo L.). The beetle, along with its associated fungi, causes branch dieback and tree mortality in a large variety of tree species. Due to the severity of the impact of PSHB, short-term management tools must include chemical control options for the industry and private landowners to protect trees. We assessed the effectiveness of systemic and contact insecticides for control of PSHB in laboratory tests using fresh-cut castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) branches. Castor bean was chosen because, as a weedy species, it is widely available, and it is a preferred host for the beetles. We conducted field tests using mature, weedy, infested field-grown castor bean. We also surveyed infested coral trees (Erythrina corallodendron L.) in an established residential landscape. For field-grown infested castor bean, beetle activity was lowest for plants treated with bifenthrin, imidacloprid and dinotefuran. Bifenthrin was the most effective insecticide for reducing beetle attacks and gallery formation in castor bean branches in laboratory experiments with cut branches. Dinotefuran was more variable in effectiveness in laboratory trials. Fenpropathrin, clothianidin and orange oil extracts did not differ from untreated controls in beetle attacks and gallery formation. Based on these results, bifenthrin and imidacloprid were selected for further testing in combination with fungicides for control of PSHB.

Erythrina variegata-An overall review

The plant Erythrina variegata belongs to the Fabaceae family, is a tree with prickly stems. It is a wild growing forest plant in India. The common English names for Erythrina variegata include Indian coral tree, Moochy wood tree. The genus includes 110 species, many of which are cultivated as ornamentals. This is the most cultivated member of the genus. Erythrina variegata also called as Erythrina indica is a thorny deciduous tree growing upto 60 feet tall. Its young stems and other parts are finely hairy, its leaves are mostly ovate and sometimes variegated with yellow. Flowering and fruiting is done in the February-may. It is popular in indigenous system of medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy. A wide range of chemical compounds have been isolated from this plant mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids and lectin. Different parts of the plant have been used in traditional medicine as a nervinesedative, collyrium in opthalmia, antiasthmatic, antiepileptic, antiseptic, astringent, toothache, emmenagogue and galactagogue. Erythrina variegata is an adulterant to the ayurvedic drug Rohitaka. The younger the leaves are the better is their food value, and is an unsurpassed stuff for mixing with rice-straw. The present article summarize review on the plant, its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities.

A Study on the LH-specificity in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus of North India

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases and has become epidemic worldwide. The present study was conducted to find the LH status of patients with diabetes mellitus with the anti-LH lectin Erythrina lithosperma . Methods: A confirmed 263 cases with type 2 diabetic mellitus and 251 controls were enrolled in the study. ABO typing was done by normal serological procedure. LH typing was done with appropriate procedure. ABO blood group and LH specificity were compared in diabetic and control groups. Results: Patients with diabetes mellitus had higher frequency (41.06%) in LH-negative type than controls (14.34%), showing highly significant differences (p<0.001) between them. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05-0.001) were noted in blood group B, AB and O between these two sets of population. Conclusion: It might be concluded from the findings of the present study that diabetic patients had significantly more LH negative type as compared to controls, because the erythrocyte membrane in diabetic patients were always in hyperglycemic environment and membrane receptors were saturated with glucose molecules, leaving less availability of receptors to bind with anti-LH lectin Erythrina lithosperma.