Repetition Errors Research Articles

A Compensation Method for Spiral Error of Pipeline Bending Strain In-Line Inspection

Abstract The in-line inspection tool with an inertia measurement unit (IMU tool) is used to measure the centerline coordinate and bending strain for the oil and gas pipeline. In order to prevent the partial wear during inspection, the tool is used to install the supporting wheel at a regular angle to rotate circumferentially. However, the spiral errors are produced during the course of inspection and thus affect the accuracy of centerline and bending strain. To improve the inspection precision and reduce the incidences of spiral error, this article presents a spiral error compensation method not only to improve the inspection precision of centerline mapping, but also to calibrate and compensate for the bending strain of pipeline. The field pull through test was carried out in a section of oil pipeline, and the results showed that the spiral error could practically be eliminated, with the maximum repetition error reducing from 0.17 to 0.06 m, and the precision of pipeline bending strain descending effectively from 0.04 to 0.02 %. The proposed method proved to be effective for improving the inspection accuracy of pipeline displacement and strain inspection.

Memory for Rules and Output Monitoring in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study examined factors related to repetitive errors in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from the perspective of output monitoring and memory for rules. Previous studies have suggested that output monitoring errors are associated with repetition errors. Moreover, people with ASD have a reduced memory for rules, which could result in repetitive errors. Typically developing (TD) and ASD participants memorized rules and conducted an object arrangement task consisting of sorting objects according to their price under two conditions. Memory tests and output monitoring tests were conducted immediately, and 1week later. Results indicated that output monitoring in ASD was significantly lower than in TD, although the memory for rules showed no differences between ASD and TD.

Improvement of quantum correlations by repetitive quantum error correction

A quantum error-correcting code is established in entangled coherent states (CSs) with Markovian and non-Markovian environments. However, the dynamic behavior of these optical states is discussed in terms of quantum correlation measurements, entanglement and discord. By using the correcting codes, these correlations can be as robust as possible against environmental effects. As the number of redundant CSs increases due to the repetitive error correction, the probabilities of success also increase significantly. Based on different optical field parameters, the discord can withstand more than an entanglement. Furthermore, the behavior of quantum discord under decoherence may exhibit sudden death and sudden birth phenomena as functions of dimensionless parameters.

A Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Structure for the Design, Simulation and Stress Strain Monitoring of Human Puncture Surgery.

In order to improve the precision and stability of puncture surgical operations to assist doctors in completing fine manipulation, a new of type puncturing needle sensor is proposed based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Compared with the traditional puncture needle sensor, the new type of puncturing needle sensor is able to sense not only the axial force, but also the torque force during the puncture process. A spoke-type structure is designed near the needle tip. In order to eliminate the influence of temperature and realize temperature compensation, a reference fiber method using three FBGs is applied. FBG1 and the reference FBG2 are pasted on the upper and lower surfaces of the new-type elastic beam, and FBG3 is pasted into the groove on the surface of the new type of puncturing needle cylinder. The difference of Bragg wavelength between FBG1 and the reference FBG2 is calibrated with the torque force, while the difference between the Bragg wavelength of the FBG3 and the reference FBG2 is calibrated with the axial force. Through simulation and sensing tests, when the torque force calibration range is 10 mN·m, the torque average sensitivity is 22.8 pm/mN·m, and the determination coefficient R2 is 0.99992, with a hysteresis error YH and repetition error YR of 0.03%FS and 0.81%FS, respectively. When the axial force calibration rang is 5 N, the axial force average sensitivity is 0.089 nm/N, and the determination coefficient R2 is 0.9997, with hysteresis error YH and repetition error YR of 0.014%FS and 0.11%FS, respectively. The axial force resolution and torque resolution of the new type of puncturing needle sensor are 0.03 N and 0.8 mN·m, respectively. The experimental data and simulation analysis show that the proposed new type of puncturing needle sensor has good practicability and versatility.

Language Error Analysis in MPBI-UMS Students Speech Who Roled as Police Officers

This study aims to describe language errors made by the Klaten police officers when giving speeches. The method used in this study is qualitative. The data collection technique used is refer to and record. The data analysis method used is the Agih method. Data analysis techniques use extending techniques and reading merkah techniques. The results of this study were (1) phonological errors 5. (2) spelling field errors 1. (3) morphological errors, 1 pleonasms, and 9 prepositions. (4) syntax errors, 6 word waste errors, 6 repetition errors and 1 sentence ineffectiveness. (5) sociolinguistic errors, 3 code switching errors.

The Role of Reinforcement in Multiple Response Repetition Error Correction and Treatment Preference of Chinese Children with Autism.

Error correction is a ubiquitous instructional component for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the context of alternating treatment with repeated acquisition design, we taught four young Chinese children with ASD three sets of a match-to-sample task using multiple response repetition error correction with and without reinforcement. We assessed the participants' preferences of the procedures. Results showed that the acquisition rates were similar under both conditions. However, participant's preferences varied, with three participants preferring error correction with reinforcement and one preferring the without-reinforcement procedure. The discussion addresses the results from our comparison in light of prior studies and learner preferences of error-correction procedures, as well as the research and practical implications of our findings.

A process approach to verbal memory assessment: Exploratory evidence of inefficient learning in women remitted from anorexia nervosa

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with deficits in set-shifting and cognitive flexibility, yet less is known about the persistence of these deficits after recovery and how they might contribute to reported difficulties organizing and learning new information. To address this question, the current study applied a process-focused approach, that accounts for errors and strategies by which a score is achieved, to investigate the relationship between verbal memory and executive function in women remitted from AN.Method: Twenty-six women remitted from anorexia nervosa (RAN) and 25 control women (CW) aged 19–45 completed the California Verbal Learning Test, Second edition (CVLT-II) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Groups were compared on overall achievement scores, and on repetition, intrusion, and perseverative errors on both tests. Associations between learning and memory performance and WCST errors were also examined.Results: RAN and CW groups did not differ on overall CVLT-II learning and memory performance or errors on the WCST, though the RAN group trended towards greater WCST non-perseverative and total errors. On the CVLT-II, the RAN group made significantly more repetition errors than CW (p = 0.010), and within-trial perseveration (WTP) errors (p = 0.044). For the CW group, CVLT-II learning and memory performance were negatively associated with errors on the WCST, whereas among RAN, primarily delayed memory was negatively correlated with WCST errors. Notably, for RAN, greater WCST perseverative responses were correlated with greater CVLT-II repetition and WTP errors, showing the convergence of perseverative responding across tasks.Conclusions: Despite similar overall learning and memory performance, difficulties with executive control seem to persist even after symptom remission in patients with AN. Results indicate an inefficient learning process in the cognitive phenotype of AN and support the use of process approaches to refine neuropsychological assessment of AN by accounting for strategy use.

Short-term memory problems for phonemes’ serial order in adults with dyslexia: Evidence from a different analysis of the Nonword repetition task

AbstractMany studies show that poor readers make more errors in nonword repetition than better readers. Although this finding is generally linked to the lower quality of poor readers’ phonological representations in verbal short-term memory, the nature of this poor performance remains unclear. We addressed this issue by focusing on two types of phoneme-related performance in a nonword repetition task: (a) recall of phonemes irrespective of their serial order (phoneme identity) and (b) recall of correctly reproduced phonemes’ serial order (serial order). We tested 91 young adults with and without dyslexia. Generalized linear mixed-effects models demonstrated that controls outperformed individuals with dyslexia in the recall of phonemes’ serial order but failed to detect a difference in the recall of phonemes’ identity. These findings are discussed not only in terms of the nature of or access to phonological representations but also in terms of another concept that has recently been advanced in the literature: a specialized serial order mechanism in verbal short-term memory. We also consider the possibility that individuals with dyslexia may be less sensitive to phonotactic constraints.

Profiling sentence repetition deficits in primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer’s disease: Error patterns and association with digit span

The use of sentence repetition tasks to distinguish dementia syndromes, particularly variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), is receiving growing attention. Impaired sentence repetition is a core feature of logopenic variant PPA, although the underlying cognitive mechanisms of this impairment and its significance as a diagnostic criterion remain poorly understood. Sentence repetition abilities of 12 people with dementia, using an adapted error classification schema, were analyzed, along with digit span abilities, a measure frequently used to assess working memory capacity, to explore error patterns and correlations. Participants with semantic variant PPA showed the greatest performance on sentence repetition and digit span in comparison to the logopenic variant PPA and Alzheimer’s disease participants. Sentence repetition errors were characterized by middle omissions for semantic variant PPA, ending omissions and phonological errors for logopenic variant PPA, and ending omissions and unrelated word substitutions for Alzheimer’s disease. Significant correlations were found between sentence repetition and digit span abilities. Findings are discussed in relation to working memory capacity theories, specifically, the dual-component model.

OCR correction for Indonesian historic newspapers using word repetition, stemmer and n-gram

Most digital archives of the old newspapers in Indonesia are only available as microfilm image file without their textual content. Manual transcription is certainly not effective and tiring for publishers that have large archives. Therefore, more automated transcription is required. As a part of that effort, this paper proposes OCR error correction of old spelling news articles utilizing new spelling databases. Spelling conversions which based on pattern are used to bridge spelling differences. The Error detection uses dictionary lookup and the phenomenon of word repetition and OCR errors that mostly are non-word errors. The Dictionary is built from KBBI and enriched with derivative words, English words, and entity names from validated news archives. Confix-stripping stemmer is used to validate derivative words while the English dictionary is used to validate English words in the news archive. The Error correction uses context-based methods by searching the phrase trigram/bigram word for each error in Google, then the Google Spelling suggestions are used as the correction. Experiments on 9 texts of OCR result of KOMPAS daily article between 1965 and 1966 is resulting the comparison of error rate before and after the correction (improvement ratio) of 193.01% compared to Hunspell spell checker of 61.47%.

Learn Fast, Forget Slow: Safe Predictive Learning Control for Systems With Unknown and Changing Dynamics Performing Repetitive Tasks

We present a control method for improved repetitive path following for a ground vehicle that is geared toward long-term operation, where the operating conditions can change over time and are initially unknown. We use weighted Bayesian linear regression (wBLR) to model the unknown dynamics, and show how this simple model is more accurate in both its estimate of the mean behavior and model uncertainty than Gaussian process regression and generalizes to novel operating conditions with little or no tuning. In addition, wBLR allows us to use fast adaptation and long-term learning in one unified framework to adapt quickly to new operating conditions and learn repetitive model errors over time. This comes with the added benefit of lower computational cost, longer look-ahead, and easier optimization when the model is used in a stochastic model-predictive controller (MPC). In order to fully capitalize on the long prediction horizons that are possible with this new approach, we use Tube MPC to reduce the growth of predicted uncertainty. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in the experiment on a 900-kg ground robot showing results over 3.0 km of driving with both physical and artificial changes to the robot's dynamics. All of our experiments are conducted using a stereo camera for localization.

A procedure for identifying possible products in the assembly-disassembly-organization-reassembly (ADOR) synthesis of zeolites.

High-silica zeolites, some of the most important and widely used catalysts in industry, have potential for application across a wide range of traditional and emerging technologies. The many structural topologies of zeolites have a variety of potential uses, so a strong drive to create new zeolites exists. Here, we present a protocol, the assembly-disassembly-organization-reassembly (ADOR) process, for a relatively new method of preparing these important solids. It allows the synthesis of new high-silica zeolites (Si/Al >1,000), whose synthesis is considered infeasible with traditional (solvothermal) methods, offering new topologies that may find novel applications. We show how to identify the optimal conditions (e.g., duration of reaction, temperature, acidity) for ADOR, which is a complex process with different possible outcomes. Following the protocol will allow researchers to identify the different products that are possible from a reaction without recourse to repetitive and time-consuming trial and error. In developing the protocol, germanium-containing UTL zeolites were subjected to hydrolysis conditions using both water and hydrochloric acid as media, which provides an understanding of the effects of temperature and pH on the disassembly (D) and organization (O) steps of the process that define the potential products. Samples were taken from the ongoing reaction periodically over a minimum of 8 h, and each sample was analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction to yield a time course for the reaction at each set of conditions; selected samples were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

CD4-T cell enumeration in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients: A laboratory performance evaluation of Muse Auto CD4/CD4% system by World Health Organization prequalification of in vitro diagnostics

BackgroundCD4 T-cell counts are still widely used to assess treatment eligibility and follow-up of HIV-infected patients. The World Health Organization (WHO) prequalification of in vitro diagnostics requested a manufacturer independent laboratory evaluation of the analytical performance at the Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM) Antwerp, Belgium, of the Muse Auto CD4/CD4% system (Millipore), a new small capillary-flow cytometer dedicated to count absolute CD4-T cells and percentages in venous blood samples from HIV-infected patients.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty (250) patients were recruited from the HIV outpatient clinic at ITM. Accuracy and precision of CD4 T cell counting on fresh EDTA anticoagulated venous blood samples were assessed in the laboratory on a Muse Auto CD4/CD4% system. Extensive precision analyses were performed both on fresh blood and on normal and low stabilized whole blood controls. Accuracy ((bias) was assessed by comparing results from Muse CD4/CD4% to the reference (single-platform FACSCalibur). Clinical misclassification was measured at 500, 350, 200 and 100 cells/μL thresholds.ResultsIntra-assay precision was < 5%, and inter-assay was < 9%. CD4 T cell counts measured on Muse Auto CD4/CD4% System and on the reference instrument resulted in regression slopes of 0.97 for absolute counts and 1.03 for CD4 T cell percentages and a correlation coefficient of 0.99 for both. The average absolute bias as compared to the reference was negligible (4 cells/μL or 0.5%). The absolute average bias on CD4 T cell percentages was < 1%. Clinical misclassification at different CD4 T cell thresholds was small resulting in sensitivities and specificities equal or >90% at all thresholds except at 100 cells/μL (sensitivity = 87%). All samples could be analyzed as there was no repetitive rejection errors recorded.ConclusionsThe Muse Auto CD4/CD4% System performed very well on fresh venous blood samples and met all WHO acceptance criteria for analytical performance of CD4 technologies.

Effect of Foreign Accent on Immediate Serial Recall.

This study disentangled factors contributing to impaired memory for foreign-accented words - misperception and disruption of encoding. When native English and Cantonese-accented words were presented auditorily for serial recall (Experiment 1), intrusion errors for accented words were higher across all serial positions (SPs). Participants made more intrusion errors during auditory presentation than visual and auditory presentation, and more errors for accented words than native words. Lengthening the interstimulus intervals in Experiment 2 reduced intrusion, repetition, order, and omission errors in the middle and late SPs during accented word recall, suggesting that extra time is required for identification and encoding of accented words into memory. Analyses of the intrusions showed that a majority of them were misperceptions and sounded similar to the stimulus words. These findings suggest that effortful perceptual processing of accented speech can induce perceptual difficulty and interfere with downstream memory processes by exhausting the shared pool of working memory.

Remédiation cognitive et fonctionnement scolaire chez les enfants avec trouble du spectre autistique

IntroductionAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is known to be associated with Cognitive impairment, especially executive dysfunction. Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) is a rehabilitation method aiming to produce improvement in cognitive processes by teaching information processing strategies through guided mental exercises. CRT has been used in patients with schizophrenia. Taking into account the overlap between ASD and schizophrenia, we aimed in this study to examine the effectiveness of CRT for cognitive flexibility, inhibition and school results in children with ASD. MethodsChildren meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for ASD were recruited from a clinical population at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department in Razi University Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia. The CRT program was conducted at the rate of one session per week of 45minutes each. The outcome measures were cognitive flexibility (by the mean of phonemic and semantic fluency), inhibition (using either Hayling Sentence Completion Task or Colors and Animals Attention Test [CAAT]), and school performance (assessed by school results). These outcomes were measured at baseline and one week after completion of the treatment. ResultsOf the 25 patients included, 16 achieved assessments tests after CRT, thus constituting our final sample. Their average age was 10.87 years. The average number of the performed sessions was 22.38. For semantic fluency, the mean score in “animals” category was 13.94 before CRT and 17 after it (P=0.045). Concerning the “clothes” category, the mean score increased from 10.47 to 12 after completion of the program. As for phonemic fluency scores, patients displayed significant improvement (P=0.032). Patients committed more repetitive and intrusive errors, an increase significant only on the “clothes” category. After achievement of the CRT program, a significant improvement was also shown on school results (P=0.001). Concerning inhibition tests, patients showed no significant improvement. ConclusionThe findings provide support for the effectiveness of CRT for enhancing executive functions in children and adolescents with ASD. Further studies are required to examine the durability of CRT effects in these children.

Responses to executive demand in young adulthood differ by APOE genotype

Despite evidence of a relationship between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4+ and later-life cognitive decline, the lifespan effects of carrying an ε4+ allele on cognitive ageing are not well understood. Evidence of ε4+ advantages in early-life are inconsistent, but not inconsiderable. We explored the proposal that APOE ε4+ cognitive advantages arise only in response to complex and sensitive tasks targeting specific executive functions. We systematically manipulated executive demand within verbal fluency, decision-making, prospective memory, and sustained attention tasks. Participants aged 18–25 years (21 ε4+, 63 ε33) also completed a measure of subjective effort. Under low executive demand, ε4+ made fewer verbal fluency word repeats compared to ε33 carriers. Under high executive demand, ε4+ showed lower costs associated with performing concurrent tasks, greater switching errors, and more verbal fluency root repetition errors. Overall, ε4+ appeared to be showing working memory updating advantages under conditions of low executive demand, more effective resource allocation under elevated levels of executive demand, and errors indicating different strategy use compared to ε33 carriers, including speed-accuracy trade-offs.

Characterizing wafer stage transmission errors via binary decision diagram and dynamic fault tree

The wafer stage, as a key subsystem of the dual-stage lithographic tool, possesses the characteristic of high moving accuracy. The fault tree analysis (FTA), which plays an important role in the design stage of the wafer stage, is performed to distinguish the critical events leading to the overall transmission error. However, in view of the complexity of the wafer stage’s structure and operation mechanism, the binary decision diagrams and dynamic fault tree analysis methods are implemented in this paper to obtain a simplified calculation process and a supplement with the dynamic characteristic respectively. This is not achieved by the traditional FTA method. The event “wafer stage’s repetitive error along X axis exceeds 5 nm” is viewed as the top event of the fault tree. In this paper, we identify the critical factors affecting the kinematic accuracy of the wafer stage.

Disentangling phonological and articulatory processing: A neuroanatomical study in aphasia

Phonological and articulatory programming impairments may co-occur in aphasic patients and previous research does not offer a clear-cut picture of their anatomical counterparts. Hickok and Poeppel (2007) put forward a seminal model of speech processes. The ventral stream (mostly bilateral) would be involved in speech recognition and phonological-lexical processing, whereas the dorsal stream (largely lateralized to the left hemisphere) would map phonological representations onto articulatory motor patterns. In this study we analyzed repetition errors for single words and spontaneous speech ratings on the Italian version of the Aachen Aphasia Test. Through a VLSM procedure we aimed at discriminating the neuroanatomical substrates of the phonological and articulatory impairment (and of their normal functional processing). We also estimated functional connectivity networks related to articulation and phonology using seed-to-voxel connectivity analysis with resting state fMRI data. Results indicate that repetition deficit of single words is associated with lesions in a network of left perisylvian areas including the central operculum, the Heschl's gyrus, the angular gyrus, and the supramarginal gyrus (posterior part). Articulatory impairment is associated with lesions in a number of areas in the left dorsal stream, such as the insula (anterior portion), the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, the central operculum and the precentral gyrus. On the contrary, phonological impairment is underpinned by lesions of the Heschl's gyrus, and of the posterior portion of the superior temporal and supramarginal gyri. Anatomo-clinical correlative results partly support Hickok and Poeppel's functional model of phonological and articulatory processing.

MEC: Misassembly Error Correction in contigs based on distribution of paired-end reads and statistics of GC-contents.

The de novo assembly tools aim at reconstructing genomes from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. However, the assembly tools usually generate a large amount of contigs containing many misassemblies, which are caused by problems of repetitive regions, chimeric reads and sequencing errors. As they can improve the accuracy of assembly results, detecting and correcting the misassemblies in contigs are appealing, yet challenging. In this study, a novel method, called MEC, is proposed to identify and correct misassemblies in contigs. Based on the insert size distribution of paired-end reads and the statistical analysis of GC-contents, MEC can identify more misassemblies accurately. We evaluate our MEC with the metrics (NA50, NGA50) on four datasets, compared it with the most available misassembly correction tools, and carry out experiments to analyze the influence of MEC on scaffolding results, which shows that MEC can reduce misassemblies effectively and result in quantitative improvements in scaffolding quality. MEC is publicly available at https://github.com/bioinfomaticsCSU/MEC.

Adaptive Weight Estimator for Quantum Error Correction in a Time‐Dependent Environment (Adv. Quantum Technol. 1/2018)

To execute algorithms on a quantum computer, one must prevent the accumulation of errors by monitoring and correcting them in control hardware. Repetition code and error correction are discussed by Stephen T. Spitz et al. in article number 1800012: To prevent collapse of the protected logical state, quantum error correction requires non-local parity checks. Errors cause correlated non-trivial results from these checks, which are matched to determine the underlying system state.