Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Treatment Research Articles

Mutations associated with Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance in the Ecuadorian population.

We described the presence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) and estimated the prevalence of primary and secondary resistance using molecular detection in gastric biopsies of Ecuadorian patients. 66.7% (238/357) of the patients demonstrated the presence of HP using CerTest qPCR. Of these, 69.79% (104/149) were without previous HP eradication treatment and 64.42% (134/208) with prior HP eradication treatment. The mutation-associated resistance rate for clarithromycin was 33.64% (primary resistance) and 32.82% (secondary resistance), whereas that in levofloxacin the primary and secondary resistance was 37.38% and 42%, respectively. For tetracycline and rifabutin, primary and secondary resistance was 0%. Primary and secondary resistance for metronidazole and amoxicillin could not be evaluated by genotypic methods (PCR and sequencing). The analysis of mutations in gyrA, 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA is useful to detect bacterial resistance as a guide for eradication therapy following failure of the first-line regimen. This study carried out in an Ecuadorian population indicates that the resistance of HP to first-line antibiotics is high, which may contribute to the high rates of treatment failure, and other treatment alternatives should be considered.

The Effects of Helicobacter Pylori Eradication on Liver Function and Metabolic Profile in Non-diabetic Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A 5-year Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects of Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication on liver function tests (LFT) and fat content (LFC) in non-diabetic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: This randomized clinical trial included dyspeptic HP infected non-diabetic NASH participants. The intervention arm received HP eradication treatment, while the control arm did not get any HP treatment. In the meantime, the standard management of NASH was performed in both trial arms. Mean alterations in LFT were the primary outcome and the secondary outcomes included the mean changes in LFC and serum metabolic profile. The trial follow-up period was 5 years. RESULTS: 40 participants (female: 20), with a mean age of 41.58 (±12.31) years, were enrolled in the study. The HP eradication arm included 20 participants (female: 11) with a mean age of 40.25 (±10.59) years, and the control arm consisted of 20 individuals (female: 9) with a mean age of 42.90 (±13.97) years. The tests of within-subjects effects showed a significant decrease in mean serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; P=0.007), triglyceride (TG; P=0.04), cholesterol (P=0.004), and fasting blood sugar (FBS; P<0.001), and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL; P=0.04) in both research groups during the study period. The tests of between-subjects effects demonstrated a more significant decrement of FBS in HP eradicated patients than the controls (P=0.02). The reduction in waist circumference, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, insulin, and LFC were more prominent in the intervention group than the controls; however, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Adding HP eradication treatment to standard NASH treatment showed more therapeutic effect thanthe standard NASH treatment protocol alone regarding the decrement of FBS in participants with dyspeptic non-diabetic NASH. Considering the non-statistically significant improvement in other metabolic indices and LFT in this trial, further studies are recommended.

Clinical Observation of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Risk Factors and Cytotoxin-Associated Protein A in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

The aim was to analyze the infection, influencing factors, and clinical manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection, coronary heart disease, and cytotoxin-associated protein A infection, so as to provide reference for the improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment level of in-depth treatment. This paper presents a clinical observation method based on Helicobacter pylori infection, risk factors, and cytotoxin-associated protein A in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods. 237 patients with CHD diagnosed and tested by 14C breath test were selected from inpatients of cardiovascular diseases in a hospital for retrospective analysis. The clinical data, serum deepening indicators, Hcy, and other factors were analyzed through general condition investigation, previous history investigation, and physical examination. The patients were observed by the SPSS22.0 statistical data processing method. The results showed that among the respondents, 175 cases were HP-positive, the infection rate was 73.8%, 77 patients with stable angina pectoris were 64.9%, and 160 patients with acute coronary heart disease were 78.1%. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Helicobacter pylori cytotoxic-associated protein A can increase the risk of gastric cancer, and Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment is more conducive to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer and ensure the safety of patients.

Risk of Reflux-Related Symptoms and Reflux Esophagitis after Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment in the Japanese Population.

Backgrounds: A meta-analysis of reports primarily from Western countries showed no association between Helicobacter pylori eradication and reflux esophagitis development. The risk of reflux esophagitis may differ among different populations based on H. pylori virulence factors and acid secretion ability. We evaluated the prevalence rates of reflux esophagitis in H.-pylori-positive Japanese subjects and assessed risk factors for reflux esophagitis after eradication. Methods: Among 148 H.-pylori-positive subjects who underwent H. pylori eradication from August 2015 to December 2019, we evaluated the prevalence of reflux esophagitis on endoscopy at 12 months after eradication success and the severity of reflux-related symptoms by the F-scale questionnaire at 2 months after treatment and 12 months after eradication success. Results: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis in H.-pylori-positive patients at entry was 2.0% (3/148). At 12 months after eradication success, the prevalence was 10.8% (16/148) (p < 0.01). In the F scale, the median total score before treatment was 4 (range: 0–49), which significantly decreased to 2 (range: 0–22) (p < 0.01) at 2 months after treatment and 3 (range: 0–23) (p < 0.01) at 12 months after eradication success. Following multivariate analysis, the pretreatment total F-scale score was a risk factor for the development of reflux esophagitis (odds ratio: 1.069, 95% confidence interval: 1.003–1.139, p < 0.01). Conclusions: In this H.-pylori-positive Japanese population, eradication therapy was associated with reflux esophagitis in around 10% of patients, particularly in those with severe reflux-related symptoms at baseline. Reflux-related symptoms may improve throughout the 12 months after successful eradication therapy, irrespective of the development of reflux esophagitis.

Increased Level of Interleukin-8 in Female Genital Tract After HP Eradication Lines

The study investigated the levels of cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α in vaginal secretion in a group of female patients with Helicobacter-associated acid-related diseases who were or were not treated with antibiotics against anti-Helicobacter therapy. It turned out that the secretory cytokine (chemokine) IL-8 is dramatically increased in the vaginal mucosa in patients treated with antibiotics, specifically in post-menopause women. Thus, we conclude that helicobacter pylori eradication treatment affects the immune status of the female genital tract.

Effect of symbiotic fermented milk together with conventional therapy in the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases and is the dominant microorganism in gastric microbiota. There are multiple therapeutic combinations used with uneven results for eradication. Studies have been carried out with some strains of Lactobacillus (L) that support its preponderant role in the treatment of infection and reduction of inflammation.

Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosacea in Iraqi Patients

Reappraisal of the Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment on Rosacea in Iraqi Patients

The efficacy and safety of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus coagulans in Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment: An open-label, single-arm pilot study.

Background:Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection plays a critical role in gastritis-associated diseases, gastroduodenal ulcers, and even gastric cancer. Studies have shown that probiotics may exhibit antagonistic activity against H pylori.Methods:This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of monotherapy with Clostridium butyricum (C butyricum) and Bacillus coagulans (B coagulans) for H pylori treatment. Our research was an open-label, single-arm pilot study of H pylori eradication. Subjects diagnosed with H pylori infection as outpatients at Xijing Hospital were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 8 weeks of therapy with C butyricum (group A), B coagulans (group B), or C butyricum plus B coagulans (group C). H pylori status was assessed 1 to 2 weeks after treatment. The H pylori eradication rate according to intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses was the primary outcome of study, and the delta over baseline score, adverse events, and compliance were the secondary outcomes. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 03857425).Results:A total of 150 subjects were consecutively enrolled from February 2019 to August 2019. The ITT analysis demonstrated that the 3 groups achieved similar eradication rates (18%, 20%, and 26%, respectively, P = .597). The PP analysis yielded a similar result (24.3%, 26.3%, and 32.5%, respectively, P = .703). None of the subjects reported adverse events during treatment. The 3 groups had comparable compliance rates (74% vs 76% vs 80%, P > .05).Conclusion:C butyricum and B coagulans may effectively inhibit H pylori to some extent, with rare adverse events, and thus may reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance.

H. pylori Eradication Treatment Causes Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Blood Lipid Levels.

Background: The gut microbiome plays an important role in the lipid metabolism. Antibiotic treatment causes changes in the intestinal microbiota. Our objective was to explore the relationship between changes in the intestinal microbiota and the level of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL).Methods: Prospective case-control study with Helicobacter pylori-positive patients undergoing eradication therapy with omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin. Stool and blood samples were obtained from 20 controls (H. pylori negative) and 40 patients before and 2 months after antibiotic treatment. Gut microbiota was determined through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (Illumina MiSeq).Results: Eradication treatment for H. pylori increased the HDL levels, and caused changes in gut microbiota profiles. An unfavorable lipid profiles (high LDL and low HDL levels) was associated with a low microbial richness and an increase of the Bacteroidetes phylum. Prevotella copri, Lachonobacterium, and Delsufovibrio were positively associated with HDL while Rikenellaceae was negatively associated with HDL after completing antibiotic treatment.Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment could improve lipid metabolism in relation with an increase in the HDL. Changes in the abundance of specific bacteria, such as P. copri, Lachonobacterium, Delsufovibrio, and Rikenellaceae could be associated with change in the plasma HDL levels.

Regression of a Large Hyperplastic Polyp after Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment

Regression of a Large Hyperplastic Polyp after Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment

Colonic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in a renal transplant recipient: a case report

BackgroundExtra-gastric (particularly colonic) lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipient is rare. We report a case of low-volume mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with colonic and bone marrow involvement in a renal transplant recipient that has been managed conservatively.Case presentationA 62-year-old Caucasian man, 14 years after kidney transplantation, was diagnosed as having extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with bone marrow and colonic involvement, after a colonoscopy identified mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in a sessile sigmoid polyp following surveillance fecal occult blood testing that returned a positive result. A gastric biopsy showed no evidence of Helicobacter pylori, but Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G was positive. He received Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment and is being managed expectantly. Immunosuppression was unchanged with prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclosporine A. Renal allograft function has remained stable.ConclusionsThis case highlights the unexpected occurrence of colonic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in a kidney transplant recipient. The case emphasizes the importance of histopathological diagnosis of colonic lesions in this patient cohort because the unusual diagnosis of low-volume mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma can be managed expectantly as it does not appear to be clinically aggressive in the immunosuppressed solid organ transplant.

Influence of acotiamide on 13C-urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis.

The Helicobacter pylori infection and functional dyspepsia are often coexisted. The effect of acotiamide, a drug for functional dyspepsia, on the result of Helicobacter pylori diagnosis has yet to be studied. We evaluated the influence of acotiamide on the results of Helicobacter pylori diagnosis in the 13C-urea breath test. Twenty patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive functional dyspepsia were treated with 100 mg of acotiamide three times a day for two weeks. Changes in 13C-urea breath test were investigated before and after administration, and two weeks after administration as the follow-up period. The 13C-urea breath test and the medical questionnaire of modified frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease were conducted at every period. Nineteen patients were included for analysis. No patients showed negative in 13C-urea breath test at Weeks 2 and 4. On the symptom scale, dyspepsia and total scores decreased from Week 0 to Week 2 and increased from Week 2 to Week 4, and the improvement rates of the dyspepsia score at Week 2 was 63%. In conclusion, we confirmed that acotiamide is unlikely to influence the result of 13C-urea breath test and it may improve the symptoms of functional dyspepsia during Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment.

Role of Drug – Drug Interactions in the Efficacy and Safety of Clarithromycin Treatment for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication

Current risks from resistance, adverse drug reactions, and drug – drug interactions of clarithromycin used as a component of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy are reviewed. The acid sensitivity of clarithromycin i responsible for the dependence of its pharmacological properties on the efficacy of proton-pump inhibitors, which could be one reason for the resistance of H. pylori to the macrolide. The potential for clarithromycin drug – drug interactions is related to its metabolism by CYP3A4 and strong inhibition of this enzyme.

Metformin use and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in a Swedish population-based cohort study

BackgroundWhether or not the use of metformin decreases the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma is unclear.MethodsThis was a population-based cohort study in 2005–2015. Associations between metformin use and gastric non-cardia and cardia adenocarcinomas were examined within two cohorts; a diabetes cohort of participants using anti-diabetes medications, and a matched cohort of common-medication users, where metformin non-users were frequency matched (10:1) with metformin users for sex and age. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses provided hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for sex, age, calendar year, comorbidity, Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin and use of statins.ResultsDuring the follow-up for a median of 5.8 years, 892 (0.1%) participants in the diabetes cohort and 6395 (0.1%) participants in the matched cohort of common-medication users developed gastric adenocarcinoma. Metformin users had no significantly decreased risk of gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (diabetes cohort: HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.78–1.12; matched cohort: HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.18–1.42) or cardia adenocarcinoma (diabetes cohort: HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.09–2.02; matched cohort: HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.38–1.81) compared with non-users in both cohorts.ConclusionsThis cohort study with <10 years of follow-up suggests metformin use may not prevent gastric adenocarcinoma.

Clostridium difficile infection associated with metronidazole-based treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication

Clostridium difficile infection associated with metronidazole-based treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication

Efficacy Of Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker vs Proton Pump Inhibitor as First-Line and Second-Line Treatment for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication

Introduction: Eradication of H. pylori reduced the risk of gastric cancer by 75%, thus, its therapy with high eradication rates is needed. Nowadays, the success rate of H.pylori eradication regimen (PPI-based) has dropped to less than 75% due to clarithromycin resistance and inadequate gastric acid suppression. Vonoprazan, a Potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) was released for use in first-line and second-line treatment for H.pylori eradication. It shows better acid suppression effect in acid-related disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of PCAB and PPI as first-line and second-line treatment for H. pylori eradication. Method: We search the Medline, Google Scholar and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) databases in October 2019. The study selection process was plotted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Results: In studies assessing first-line therapy, 776 patient were using PPI and 965 patient were using PCAB. In first-line therapy, PCAB has higher ITT and PP compared to PPI. According to Sue et al, in PPI group, more patient complain of diarrhea (49 vs 25; p < 0.001). In studies assessing second-line therapy, 1,069 patient were using PPI and 605 patient were using PCAB. Two studies showed no significant differences between PCAB and PPI in second-line therapy, but one study showed PCAB superiority (ITT PPI vs PCAB 85% vs 90% p=0.045; PP PPI vs PCAB 91% vs 96% p=0.008). There is no difference in adverse event between PCAB and PPI. Conclusion: In conclusion, PCAB has higher eradication rate (ITT and PP) compared to PPI as first-line therapy for H.pylori eradication. Further study is still needed in comparing efficacy of PCAB and PPI as second-line therapy. Both therapies were safe and well tolerated.

Halitosis: Helicobacter pylori or oral factors.

Halitosis is a common complaint among people which has various socioeconomic effects. The prevalence of halitosis includes a variety of 22% up to 50% in different societies. According to studies, there have been reports of remarkable improvements in halitosis after Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. In studies on the relationship between H.Pylori and halitosis, the role of oral factors as the most important cause of halitosis has been neglected. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of oral factors on halitosis in patients with H.Pylori. A total of 100 dyspeptic patients who had H.pylori-positive serologic test were examined by an organoleptic method for the presence of halitosis. DMFT index was used in order to record the dental status. Oral hygiene was evaluated using the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). The mean DMFT index was 9.09±3.97. The score of simplified oral hygiene index was 1.79±0.949. There was a direct and significant relationship between halitosis with DMFT, OHI-S (P<0.01). There was no significant relationship between halitosis and coated tongue (P>0.01). According to the results of this study, there is a relation between oral factors and halitosis in patients with positive H.pylori test. Due to the lower level of all these indices in patients with halitosis, we cannot attribute halitosis in patients with H.pylori infection to the presence of this microorganism with certainty.

CYP2C19 polymorphism in relation to the pharmacotherapy optimization of commonly used drugs.

Purpose: The CYP2C19 isoenzyme plays an important role in the efficacy and safe use of many drugs. The aim of this review is to demonstrate how CYP2C19 mutations influence everyday patient treatment, leading to adverse drug reactions or therapy failure in many common diseases. Methods: A PubMed literature search was performed on clinical publications evaluating the impact of CYP2C19 on pharmacotherapy outcome. Main fields of medicine with strong outcome dependency on the CYP2C19 genotype were selected. We also focused on clinical recommendations for the use of drugs referring to CYP2C19 polymorphism. Results: The fields of medicine where clinical outcome particularly depends on CYP2C19 polymorphism are gastroenterology, cardiology, psychiatry, mycology and oncology. CYP2C19 is involved in proton pump inhibitors metabolism, thus it can influence reflux therapy, ulcer prevention and Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. The CYP2C19 enzyme plays also a vital role in the two bioactivation steps of clopidogrel leading to lower (CYP2C19*17 carriers) or higher (CYP2C19*2 carriers) risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. It affects the antidepressant treatment and methadone replacement therapy as well as voriconazole prophylaxis. The presence of a *2 allele is associated with longer relapse-free time or better survival, and the *17 allele with more favorable outcomes in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Conclusions: Knowledge of the CYP2C19 polymorphism could positively affect individual treatment and lead to better patient outcomes in many cases. The introduction of pharmacogenetic testing into medical practice would be a good way to minimize negative outcomes of therapy, and to reduce unnecessary medical costs.

Prevalence of clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori in Santiago, Chile, estimated by real-time PCR directly from gastric mucosa

BackgroundCurrent available treatments for Helicobacter pylori eradication are chosen according to local clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance prevalence. The aim of this study was to estimate, by means of molecular methods, both clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance in gastric mucosa from patients infected with H.pylori.MethodsA total of 191 DNA samples were analyzed. DNA was purified from gastric mucosa obtained from patients who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at an university hospital from Santiago, Chile, between 2011 and 2014. H.pylori was detected by real-time PCR. A 5’exonuclease assay was developed to detect A2142G and A2143G mutations among H.pylori-positive samples. rdxA gene was sequenced in samples harboring A2142G and A2143G mutations in order to detect mutations that potentially confer dual clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance.ResultsNinety-three (93) out of 191 DNA samples obtained from gastric mucosa were H.pylori-positive (48.7%). Clarithromycin-resistance was detected in 29 samples (31.2% [95%CI 22.0–41.6%]). The sequencing of rdxA gene revealed that two samples harbored truncating mutations in rdxA, one sample had an in-frame deletion, and 11 had amino acid changes that likely cause metronidazole resistance.ConclusionsWe estimated a prevalence of clarithomycin-resistance of 31.8% in Santiago, Chile. Three of them harbor inactivating mutations in rdxA and 11 had missense mutations likely conferring metronidazole resistance. Our results require further confirmation. Nevertheless, they are significant as an initial approximation in re-evaluating the guidelines for H.pylori eradication currently used in Chile.

Can Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment Modify the Metabolic Response to Bariatric Surgery?

Helicobacter pylori (HP) colonization is common in severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. HP eradication treatment could influence the evolution of weight loss and metabolic markers after bariatric surgery. To assess the influence of HP eradication in the clinical course of morbid obesity patients treated with bariatric surgery (gastric bypass (LRYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)) METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of 229 patients that underwent bariatric surgery between 2010 and 2013 in Hospital del Mar. HP infection was tested preoperatively by gastric biopsy and, if positive, treated with omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin for 14days. Patients were followed at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24months after bariatric surgery. Short-term weight loss and metabolic outcomes were evaluated. HP treated (HPt) patients had a greater reduction in BMI at 3months after LSG (ΔBMI (kg/cm2) 8.5 ± 4.1 vs 11.3 ± 3.05kg/m2; p = 0.004) and a reduction in the evolution of triglyceride levels from baseline to 12months (p = 0.014) compared to HP-negative (HP-) subjects. Also, non-diabetic HPt patients had a greater reduction in glucose levels at all time points that was maintained up to 24months after LRYGB (p = 0.003). No differences were observed in total and LDL cholesterol levels, HOMA-IR, or HbA1C. Preoperative HP eradication has a short-term influence on some metabolic parameters after bariatric surgery.