Car Equipment Research Articles

RISK MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS ON THE CAR DRIVERS IN INDONESIA

Car drivers in Indonesia will always face many kinds of risks. This research contains the context determination of this research, identifies all the significant risks, measures the frequency and impact of all the risks, draws all the identified risks in the chart, and describes how to manage or mitigate the risks. The dangerous risks which have high frequency and high impact are: 1) Many car drivers get the driving license without taking a driving course and without learning carefully the theory of driving a car; 2) Many car drivers get the driving license through illegal procedure; 3) Many car manufacturers eliminate some car safety equipment to lower the sales price; 4) The ingredients of the gasoline cannot fulfill/match the need of the car (e.g. RON number); 5) In some places the traffic is too crowded; 6) Many damaged roads may cause accidents; 7) Many roads and transportation modes cannot fulfill the demands of transportation. The recommendation (mitigation) for Risk Controlling is that all stakeholders (legislative, executive, judicative, manufacturers, people, car drivers, schools and universities, researchers, etc) should obey the regulations, moral, ethics for car riders. It is mandatory that every candidate of car driver take a course in a certified car driving ourse. Police should arrange a complete and comprehensive reference book for car driver candidates to get a driving license.

Risk Assessment Using the AHP Method in the Automotive Industry

Modern cars consist of approximately thirty thousand parts and components; their assembly in an assembly plant is preceded by the supply via an optimally functioning supply chain. Ramification of this chain depends on a car model and equipment; however, the number of direct and indirect suppliers often reaches approximately one hundred and more. That is why perfect mutual cooperation among these suppliers is required while applying the logistic, managerial, as well as information methods to increase the efficiency and eliminate the production down-time. Over the past years, number of events forced major car manufacturers to reassess the supply chain flexibility in high-risk situations.The main objective of this study is to identify weak, high-risk sides of the supply chain and assess them applying the AHP method which represents an efficient tool of multiple-criteria decision making.

Virtual Design and Verification for 3-RRC Car Multi-Dimension Vibration-Absorption Device Based on ADAMS

It is affected by multi-dimensional vibration during car’s driving. In this paper, the forms of multi-dimensional vibration from car instruments and equipment are determined, and the type selection principals for main body mechanism of car multi-dimension vibration-absorption device are introduced. Besides, using software ADAMS, virtual design and kinematical characteristics test for car multi-dimension vibration-absorption device are fulfilled.

Analysis of Engine Parameters at Using Diesel-LPG and Diesel-CNG Mixture in Compression-ignition Engine

This work is aimed on influence of diesel engine parameters that is used with mixture of gas and diesel fuel. The first part of the article describes diesel fuel systems where small part of diesel fuel is replaced by LPG or CNG fuel. These systems are often called as Diesel-Gas systems. Next part of the article focuses on tested car and measurement equipment. Measurement was performed by common-rail diesel engine in Fiat Doblň. Tests were carried out in laboratories of the Department of Engineering and Automobile Transport at the Mendel University in Brno. They were observed changes between emissions of used fuels – diesel without addition of gas, diesel + LPG and diesel + CNG mixture. It was found that that the addition of gas had positive effect on the performance parameters and emissions.

Designing New York City Subways’ Key Performance Indicators to Improve Service Delivery and Operations

A balanced scorecard (BSC) is widely used in private industry and the public sector to monitor key performance indicators (KPIs) and to help achieve strategic outcomes. This concept is widely used in the transit industry for carrier–regulator contractual relationships and performance monitoring. After a fact-finding mission to Southeast Asia, New York City Transit (NYCT) adopted KPIs for continuous improvement of service delivery performance. Subway line-level KPIs based on BSC concepts were introduced in conjunction with a line general manager program and numerous initiatives for incremental performance management. After a reorganization that re-created functional departments—car equipment, stations, and rapid transit operations—BSC was applied at departmental levels and resulted in maintenance-oriented passenger environment survey (PES)-KPIs and operations-oriented service (S)-KPIs. Weightings of indicator sub components were assigned as a result of surveys of customer priorities. KPIs provided one number that represented overall performance, and they also made it possible to identify each subcomponent's contribution. The KPI design processes generated public feedback; this feedback prompted NYCT to tighten underlying performance standards. Today, PES-KPIs and S-KPIs are reported monthly to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority Board's NYCT Committee. Advantages of these indicators include high-level visibility and ease of communication, timely report availability, and detailed diagnostics. These factors, together with a reinvigorated competitive spirit between divisions triggered by reorganizations, resulted in a much more proactive organization focused on using performance scores to take corrective action. Wait assessment, the principal component of the S-KPI, improved 2.5% on the heavily crowded 1 through 6 lines in 2012 compared with 2011, even as ridership increased steadily systemwide.

PMS33 - Medical Costs of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Association with Global Disease Activity in Turkey

To identify factors associated with the cost of RA care and calculated risk-adjusted costs associated with RA in Turkey. The relationships between costs of RA treatment and disease activity was also examined. This cross-sectional study was performed in 10 tertiary rheumatology centers. Eligible patients were ≥18 years of age diagnosed as having RA for at least 12 months according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1987 criteria. Overall costs were categorized as inpatient, outpatient and pharmacy costs. Generalized linear models were used to calculate risk-adjusted direct costs. A total of 698 patients were studied. Patients’ visual analog scale (VAS), patient’s global disease activity (GDA) and routine assessment of patient index data 3 (RAPID-3) scores were on average 44.15, 5.19 and 5.10 respectively. Most patients were prescribed immunosuppressive medications and glucorticoids (87.8% and 61.2%, respectively). After adjusting all variables, total annual medical cost was €2,671. The most significant portion of overall expenditures was due to pharmaceutical costs €1,987, while outpatient costs were €303, inpatient costs were €360 and co-payments were €21. 14% of patients experienced work loss due to RA. On average, annual costs due to workday loss were €480. 5.4% of patients also had other RA-related consultations, which were not covered by insurance, bringing the average annual burden to €1,600 for these patients. 6.5% of RA patients had additional costs related to their condition such as the need for a new car, apartment or special equipment, spending an additional €1,640 in 1 year. 13.7% of patients required caregivers. The average annual out-of-pocket amount paid to caregivers was €624. The annual medical cost of RA in Turkey, although significantly lower compared to European estimates, causes considerable economic burden. Drug costs constitute the major part of annual cost for RA followed by indirect costs.

SAT0574 Medical Costs of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Association with Global Disease Activity in Turkey

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and debilitating disease which decrease quality of life and productivity.ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) has significant economic implications for the individual patient as well as society as...

LPG 연료계통 부품의 이물질 원인분석에 관한 연구

Recently, it was reported that complaints about problems being experienced with the performance of vehicles operating on autogas in Korea. The problem was being assumed due to contaminants in LPG and an oily material which was being deposited in vaporizer, injector in LPG fuel system. This study is focused on the analysis of contaminant of automobile parts on LPG fuel system. The sampling points of contaminants are injectors, fuel filters, vaporizer in automobile equipment and it was also investigated by GC-MS, ICP-AES, SIMDIS and EDS. According to results, it was presumed that this contaminants had been analyzed plasticizers with hydrocarbons with high boiling point, Fe from steel corrosion, greases from gas station.

Battery Quick Change System Equipment of Passenger Cars and its Application Mode Research

According to the current situation of domestic passenger cars’ battery quick change equipment and its overall development trend, we first research on the key module technology of passenger cars’ battery quick change system. Then, this paper researches on network information control mode, internal dynamic management mode of the battery quick change system, radio frequency identification (RFID) and storage charging system mode, respectively. Thus, they can provide passenger cars’ battery quick change system with some references realizing the system’s network, intelligence and high efficiency.

Methodology for determination of drive power of promising test-bed for measuring exercise development and evaluation of performance of special equipment in fast cars

Methodology for determination of drive power of promising test-bed for measuring exercise development and evaluation of performance of special equipment in fast cars

Research Group Introduction : Instrumentation and Control Laboratory, Dept.of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Toyota National College of Technology

Our research focuses on the application of motion control technology to welfare equipment, mechatronics, and automobile equipment, in order to improve the quality of human life.

The Designation of Intelligent Power-Saving Controller on Automobiles

As the evolution of automobile industry, the application of cars has been gradually extensive. Nowadays, automobiles have been an essential part of modern society .The development of car equipments has also been accelerated by the growing popularity of the automobiles. Meanwhile, if these equipments are not regulated rationally, they also rouse extra consumption of power stored in car batteries. GPS system, as an example, causes unnecessary consumption while the automobiles are at rest. As the power loss of automobiles may cause series of dangers, such situation should be avoided. The article provides a feasible way to make an intelligent control on power supply system of automobiles through AVR single chip programming. Thus helps regulate the usage of the car batteries. From this, automobile securities can be enhanced.

Current trends in car diagnostics and its influence on the teaching process

Contemporary methods of car diagnostics and diagnostics equipment have been developed rapidly. So it is necessary to improve proper curriculums in order to upgrade students' qualification. This article reviews the experience of «Automotive electrical equipment» department (Moscow State University MAMI) and «Academy of Automotive Technologies». Also, the paper examines the requirements for experts in automobile diagnostics.

Study of Evaluating the Button Sounds Impression Evaluation Model for Button Sounds Using a Neural Network

In this study, we construct an impression evaluation model for button sounds generated when users press the buttons on car audio equipment using a neural network. The dynamic characteristics of 11 kinds of button sounds obtained by their wavelet transform frequencies and sound pressure values are fed into the network model inputs. The model responds with three factor scores, “esthetic”, “force” and “metallic”, and an evaluation value of “offensive - pleasant” as the outputs. By analyzing the synaptic weights of the neurons on the neural network after training, we confirmed the model acquired a mechanism that extracted four impression evaluation values from the sound characteristics. For example, about the "Force factor" and the "Metallic factor", the scores increased when the center frequency rose, and the sound pressure level of the frequencies between 0.0 and 0.040 seconds was hardly influenced, and so on. These results show that the model is able to attain automation of button sound design.

Enhancing the occlusion technique as an assessment tool for driver visual distraction

In-vehicle information systems (IVIS) are becoming increasingly prevalent as the standard equipment of modern cars. However, there are concerns regarding the risks arising from the visual load and potential distraction caused by these systems while driving. To counteract potential compromises of driving safety the minimisation of visual demands has been acknowledged as a major goal to be achieved by safe design of the human-machine interface (HMI). In this context, the visual occlusion technique has been developed as a tool for the assessment of the in-vehicle HMI of IVIS in terms of visual demands. An unresolved issue with the standardised experimental protocol is how subjects make use of the occluded intervals and how this might affect the assessments of visual demands. We assumed that subjects would continue task performance during occluded periods leading to an underestimation of visual demands by the occlusion parameters ‘total shutter open time’ (TSOT) and the ‘occlusion index’ R. We predicted that a simple additional loading task to be performed in parallel could disrupt IVIS task performance during the occluded period leading to higher estimations of visual demands by TSOT and R. This prediction was confirmed by our data. These show significant increases in TSOT and R when the standard occlusion protocol was enhanced by a simple auditory tracking task to be performed in parallel. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that under the condition of additional auditory tracking, TSOT and R discriminated more clearly between an ‘easy’ and a ‘difficult’ IVIS task than under the standard condition. It is concluded that amending the standard occlusion technique by imposing subjects to some cognitive load during the occlusion intervals is a viable approach to improving its sensitivity and that this aspect should be considered by future standardisation work.

The making of the management accountant – Becoming the producer of truthful knowledge

In this paper, we analyse the practices through which the management accountant is constructed as a knowing subject and becomes a producer of truthful knowledge. We draw on a case study of an automobile equipment manufacturer in which management accountants play a central role. The centrality of their role is evidenced, among other aspects, by their participation in online reverse auctions, wherein they commit themselves and their company to long-term projects. This commitment is constitutive of their identity as knowing subjects and organisational truth tellers. However, the “validity” of the truth they produce can only be assessed over time. We argue that, in this firm, monthly performance review meetings constitute “accounting trials of truth” during which peers and senior management cross-examine the accounting truth presented. Preparations for these trials of truth constitute a form of subjectivation whereby management accountants act on their ways of being in the firm and become the producers of truthful knowledge.

Robust road-to-car communications by means of an active Ku-band RF Self-IDentification (RFSID) system

This paper deals with a robust RFSID (Radio Frequency Self IDentification) system for road-to-car communications. The RFSID-based system operates in Ku-band and consists of a fixed transmitter, located at the road side, and of a receiver unit placed on the moving target, i.e. a car in its first proposed application. A slotted waveguide antenna array is used to illuminate the moving object at the desired position, whereas a four-patch array antenna is adopted at the receiver side. Both the antennas have been designed using numerical simulations based on a Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) algorithm. When the moving object crosses the antenna beam a triggering pulse is generated by the receiver; such a pulse can be used to reset or update the electronics aboard the vehicle and to log specific information coming from location-based systems (LBSs), into the car equipments. A digital transmission of gold sequences and a post-processing unit have been exploited so far to increase the robustness and the accuracy of the system. At this stage of the development the system benefit of extensive field tests, being adopted for some years by many top Formula 1 racing teams as a lap trigger system, used to reset the on-board electronics when the car crosses either the finishing line and peculiar path reference points. The temporal accuracy exhibited is better than 1 ms with a coverage of about 90 m.

A neural network model-based observer for idle speed control of ignition in SI engine

The paper presents an algorithm of idle speed stabilization in the spark ignition automotive engine by means of spark advance control. The algorithm is based on a well-known approach of a model-based adaptive control and uses artificial neural networks. The control algorithm is based on a neural network model observer of the additional effective torque. The additional load is estimated as difference between effective torque, estimated by the neural network observer, and brake torque, estimated on the basis of a linear quadratic model. In that case the additional load is understood as the sum of the alternator brake torque (additional load form electric car equipments) and the momentary and/or permanent changes of the engine’s characteristics. On the basis of estimated values of the additional load, the required value of angular acceleration is determined to make the engine return to the specified speed. This acceleration is achieved by adjusting the spark advance. The required value of spark advance is estimated by means of a neural network model converse to that of the effective torque. The algorithm was experimentally compared with PID and adaptive algorithms in the same test bed. The tests were conducted under sudden change of external load. The proposed algorithm proved to be more effective in terms of control error.

Micro-Structural Study of Fretting Contact Caused by the Difference of the Tin Plating Thickness

In recent years, there has been increasing demand to miniaturize wiring harness connectors in automobiles due to the increasing volume of electronic equipment and the reduction of the installation space allocated for the electronic equipment in automobiles for the comfort of the passengers. With this demand, contact failure caused by the fretting corrosion is expected to become a serious problem. In this report, we examined micro-structural observations of fretting contacts of two different tin plating thicknesses using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and so on. Based on the results, we compared the microstructure difference of fretting contact caused by the difference of the tin plating thickness.

The one meter shop concept: e-CORCE

The pressing need for dispatched information anytime anywhere has until now fueled technology and economy beyond any prospect. Needless to recall, mobile telephony success or GPS navigation kits come close to becoming standard equipment for any production cars. Space imagery is in turn close to meeting its “killing application” thanks to the advent of mass geocoded portals of information fully dependent on their ability to show the whole globe to the meter resolution or close for the comfort of the worldwide Intranet community. Space industry is at stake and is facing a new challenge, not only technical but also economical that could be called “the one meter shop”. The question now raised is: can we provide a massive and automated representation of the whole Earth with 1-m resolution and on a daily basis?The presentation will introduce the e-CORCE constellation project, and the disruptive technological avenues that are today contemplated for its realization. Based on a three-layer concept associating the virtues of low cost and simplified constellations, advanced decentralized telecom systems and information GRIDs tuned to the need of internauts, the revolutionary e-CORCE project is paving the way for a novel approach, integrating space and Web information handled in a unified shell.