Equal Parts Research Articles

Angle Trisection with Growth Rate of The Golden Ratio

In this paper, we explore the triangulation of angles using the golden ratio and geometric compass principles. By dividing angles into three equal parts based on the golden ratio, we demonstrate a method for solving this geometric problem. Furthermore, we extend our exploration into the third dimension, where a geometric compass can effectively divide a two-dimensional angle into three equal parts. Additionally, our investigation delves into the realm of six-dimensional space-time, where we observe the simultaneous movement of two arms of the compasses based on the golden ratio to achieve the division of every angle into three equal parts. We emphasize the significance of the growth rate associated with the golden ratio in resolving complex mathematical and physical problems. This study provides valuable insights into the application of geometric principles and the golden ratio in solving challenging problems within mathematics and physics.

Accuracy of a chatbot in answering questions that patients should ask before taking a new medication

BackgroundThe potential uses of artificial intelligence have extended into the fields of health care delivery and education. However, challenges are associated with introducing innovative technologies into health care, particularly with respect to information quality. ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of answers provided by a chatbot in response to questions that patients should ask before taking a new medication. MethodsTwelve questions obtained from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality were asked to a chatbot for the top 20 drugs. Two reviewers independently evaluated and rated each response on a 6-point scale for accuracy and a 3-point scale for completeness with a score of 2 considered adequate. Accuracy was determined using clinical expertise and a drug information database. After the independent reviews, answers were compared, and discrepancies were assigned a consensus score. ResultsOf 240 responses, 222 (92.5%) were assessed as completely accurate. Of the inaccurate responses, 10 (4.2%) were mostly accurate, 5 (2.1%) were more accurate than inaccurate, 2 (0.8%) were equal parts accurate and inaccurate, and 1 (0.4%) was more inaccurate than accurate. Of the 240 responses, 194 (80.8%) were comprehensively complete. There were 235 (97.9%) responses that scored 2 or higher. Five responses (2.1%) were considered incomplete. ConclusionUsing a chatbot to answer questions commonly asked by patients is mostly accurate but may include inaccurate information or lack valuable information for patients.

Vertex degree sums for supereulerian bipartite digraphs

A digraph is considered supereulerian if it possesses a spanning closed ditrail. Let n be positive integer and Dn,n be a bipartite digraph, whose vertices are divided into two equal parts of size n. If Dn,n is strongly connected and δ−+δ+≥n+1, where δ− is its minimum in-degree and δ+ is its minimum out-degree, then Dn,n is supereulerian digraph.

Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Rooster Semen Cryopreservation.

Cryopreservation of avian semen is a useful reproductive technique in the poultry industry. However, during cooling, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels have destructive effects on both quality and function of thawed sperm. The aim of the current study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) during rooster semen cryopreservation. Semen samples were collected from ten Ross 308 broiler breeder roosters (32 weeks) and mixed. The mixed samples were divided into five equal parts and cryopreserved in Lake Buffer extender that contained different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM) of NAC. The optimum concentration of NAC was determined based on quality parameters of mobility, viability, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial membrane potential after the freeze-thaw process. There was a higher percentage (p < 0.05) of total motility (TM) (60.9 ± 2.4%) and progressive motility (PM) (35.6 ± 1.9%) observed with the NAC-0.1 group compared to the other groups. Significantly higher percentages of viability (74.4 ± 2.3% and 71 ± 2.3%), membrane integrity (76.4 ± 1.5% and 74.7 ± 1.5%) and mitochondrial membrane potential (67.1 ± 1.6% and 66.3 ± 1.6%) were observed in the NAC-0.1 and NAC-1 groups compared to the other frozen groups (p < 0.05). The lowest percentage of lipid peroxidation and nonviable sperm was found in the NAC-0.1 and NAC-1 groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and acrosome integrity, were not affected by different concentrations of NAC in the thawed sperm (p > 0.05). Both NAC-0.1 and NAC-1 appear to be beneficial for maintaining the quality of rooster sperm after thawing.

Tradwives: Right-Wing Social Media Influencers

Globalizing anti-globalism and modernizing the anti-modern, Tradwives are communities of right-wing women who commercialize social media to commodify traditional heteronormative renditions of femininity that are equal parts ideology and aesthetic. As social media influencers, Tradwives grow social networks and expand audiences by monetizing right-wing ideologies and curating particular versions of wife and mother. A netnographic analysis designed to understand online cultures and communications was used to observe thirty-six Tradwife social media profiles over a 10-month period in 2022. Employing Koestler’s Theory of Holarchies, four key findings or “holons” comprised a holography or representation of Tradwife culture captured at a certain point in time. The Tradwife Landscape explored these women across a right-wing landscape, Cross-platform Influencers, outlined Tradwives operating across a variety of social media platforms; Feminine not Feminist, discussed Tradwives’ (anti)feminist standpoints; and The Tradwife Side-Hustle, examined the monetization of Tradwife culture. As an alive and growing ecosystem, Tradwife subculture offers supportive and empowered spaces for women wishing to take up roles as archetypal wives and mothers within highly conservative lifestyles. As agents of Tradwife subculture and wider right-wing communities, Tradwives raise important questions about gender and gendered relationships, sexuality, legal practices, public policy, and political systems. Above all else, Tradwives offer comments on the autonomy and agency women have in their everyday lives.

OUTPUT POWER ESTIMATION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL BY EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE

In this study, the output power of a PV panel under different operating conditions was estimated with the help of an extreme learning algorithm (ELM). For this purpose, a PV panel with a power of 180W was installed, and the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, panel temperature, and solar radiation of this panel were measured and recorded at regular intervals. A total of 75 measurement data were obtained. The maximum power of the panel was calculated using the open circuit voltage and short circuit current information. While panel temperature and solar radiation were given as inputs to the regression model of the PV panel based on ELM, the output of the regression model was taken as the maximum power of the PV panel. To improve the prediction accuracy of ELM, the number of input neurons of ELM and the type of activation function used in the hidden layer were determined by trial and error method. The generated PV data set is separated into training and testing sets. The performance of the method was examined with the 5-fold cross-validation method. For this purpose, the dataset was divided into 5 equal parts. One of these parts was used for testing the ELM and the remaining four sets were used for training the ELM, and this was done by changing the test set each time. Thus, the network was trained and tested 5 times with different sets, and the test result of the network was obtained by averaging the sum of the performances of all test functions. Regression results obtained from ELM are given for different numbers of hidden layer neurons and different types of activation functions in the hidden layer. The best prediction result of ELM was obtained for the case where the hidden layer activation function was tangent sigmoid and the number of hidden layer neurons was 20. From the results obtained, it has been seen that ELM predicts the output power of the PV panel with very high accuracy. It is concluded that ELM is a useful tool for estimating the PV panel output power.

Influence of PVP on the properties of solvothermally synthesized famatinite nanoparticles: Structural, morphological and optical insights

Famatinite (Cu3SbS4) nanoparticles were synthesized through a solvothermal approach using various polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ratios as a capping agent with a binary solvent of ethylene glycol and water in equal parts. Incremental additions of PVP, ranging from 0 to 1.5 g, exerted significant influence on the material's characteristics. Through comprehensive analysis involving X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, critical insights were obtained. XRD analysis confirmed the tetragonal crystal structure and revealed reduced crystallite sizes due to the incorporation of PVP. Raman spectroscopy validated the presence of pure famatinite phase with 0.5 g and 1.0 g PVP. SEM analysis uniformly depicted a spherical morphology in all samples, emphasizing PVP's role in mitigating nanoparticle agglomeration. UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy disclosed direct bandgaps falling within the 0.88 – 0.97 eV range. The collective findings highlighted the substantial impact of PVP in the binary solvent on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of Cu3SbS4 nanoparticles. These results underscore the potential application of these tailored nanoparticles as promising candidates for advanced photovoltaic absorber materials.

Microstructural evolution of super duplex stainless steel during final annealing: The importance of the grain structure

Flat duplex stainless steel acquires its characteristic banded microstructure during its processing sequence, which ends with a final annealing step aimed at fine tuning the phase ratio to equal parts ferrite and austenite. Besides phase fraction, the grain structures, shapes and morphologies of both phases evolve too during this final step. In the present, it was shown that recrystallization is mostly complete at the end of heating and phase equilibration shortly after. As a consequence, chemical and elastic driving forces are rapidly depleted while the sizes and shapes of phases keep evolving, driven solely by capillarity. Using quantitative measurements that enable decorrelation of coarsening and globularization, it is shown therein that the grain structure of the material as well as the annealing temperature play a crucial role in the intensity of those two phenomena. A high grain boundary density enhances the kinetics of both. A higher annealing temperature, which leads to faster mass transport, favors the increase of the characteristic sizes of the microstructure over its morphological evolution.

Comparative evaluation of effect of modified triple antibiotic paste and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament on microhardness of root dentin: An in vitro study

ABSTRACT Aim: To assess and compare the impact of modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) and calcium hydroxide (CH) as intracanal medicament on microhardness (MH) of root dentin. Materials and Methods: Twenty single-rooted, noncarious, single-canaled permanent teeth were selected. They were decoronated and vertically sectioned into two equal parts to acquire 40 samples. These samples were submerged in acrylic blocks with their pulpal surfaces exposed. These samples were enclosed within acrylic blocks, with their pulp surfaces visible. They were then randomly allocated into four groups (n = 10). MH was measured at three steps: initial measurement of MH before irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); after irrigation with 3% NaOCl; and after interaction with medications (MTAP or CH pastes at an interval of 7 days or 30 days). The degree of reduction in MH percentage was computed. The collected data underwent statistical examination at a significance threshold of P &lt; 0.05. Results: All procedures led to a noteworthy decline in MH values when compared to both prior and initial measurement. The highest reduction in MH was seen after irrigation with 3% NaOCl (P &lt; 0.05). CH showed a greater reduction in MH as compared to MTAP (P &lt; 0.05). More reduction in MH was seen after 30 days as compared to that after 7 days for both CH and MTAP (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Use of intracanal irrigants and medicaments reduces the MH of root dentin. Lesser reduction in MH was observed when utilization of MTAP as compared to CH.

Impact of varying doses of Moringa leaf extract supplementation in the cryopreservation media on sperm quality, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of frozen-thawed buck spermatozoa

The current investigation was planned to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaves also called Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) aqueous extract on buck semen quality during cryopreservation, and its antimicrobial potential against the Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from the semen samples. Semen was collected from 8 Jakhrana bucks, and from each buck, 8 ejaculates were collected. Semen samples were subjected to bacteriological studies and pathogenic coli were isolated from semen samples. Then, various concentrations of M. oleifera extract were evaluated for its antimicrobial potential. Good quality semen samples were pooled during each collection. Pooled semen samples were then divided into 4 equal parts, and diluted in TRIS buffer containing different concentration of M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract (Different groups, i.e. T1-50 mg, T2-100 mg, T3-200 mg, C-0 mg of M. oleifera aqueous extract in 100 ml TRIS Buffer). Semen samples were evaluated for various sperm characteristics after cryopreservation. oleifera aqueous extract supplemented groups showed significant enhancement in sperm viability, sperm motility, acrosomal integrity and plasma membrane integrity. The treatment significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation in supplemented groups and M. oleifera extract shows the potent antimicrobial activity against the E. coli isolated from buck semen.

General Dynamics for Single- and Dual-Axis Rotating Rigid Spacecraft Components

Deriving and propagating a spacecraft’s equations of motion is fundamental to describing its behavior accurately. These equations of motion depend on the spacecraft’s configuration, which includes any physical subsystem such as attitude control devices, solar panels, gimbals, etc. Prior work introduced the backsubstitution method to yield a modular and scalable formulation to develop complex spacecraft dynamics specific to rotating components attached to a rigid hub as effectors. This paper relaxes assumptions made in deriving effector components in prior work, such as mass properties and frame definitions. This produces a general architecture that uses common equations of motion for physically equal parts. The result is an analytical solution of a set of general rotating effector equations of motion that greatly expand the configuration space of spacecraft that can be simulated with the backsubstitution method. In contrast to prior work where the rotations are highly constrained, rigid-body components can rotate about one or two general axes, and the component mass distribution can be general, no longer requiring the component’s principal axis to align with the center of mass or hinge axis. A numerical software solution demonstrates and verifies how these effectors can mimic a range of dynamic spacecraft components.

Angle Trisection with Growth Rate of The Golden Ratio

In this paper, we explore the triangulation of angles using the golden ratio and geometric compass principles. By dividing angles into three equal parts based on the golden ratio, we demonstrate a method for solving this geometric problem. Furthermore, we extend our exploration into the third dimension, where a geometric compass can effectively divide a two-dimensional angle into three equal parts. Additionally, our investigation delves into the realm of six-dimensional space-time, where we observe the simultaneous movement of two arms of the compasses based on the golden ratio to achieve the division of every angle into three equal parts. We emphasize the significance of the growth rate associated with the golden ratio in resolving complex mathematical and physical problems. This study provides valuable insights into the application of geometric principles and the golden ratio in solving challenging problems within mathematics and physics.

Optimal Electrodermal Activity Segment for Enhanced Emotion Recognition Using Spectrogram-Based Feature Extraction and Machine Learning.

In clinical and scientific research on emotion recognition using physiological signals, selecting the appropriate segment is of utmost importance for enhanced results. In our study, we optimized the electrodermal activity (EDA) segment for an emotion recognition system. Initially, we obtained EDA signals from two publicly available datasets: the Continuously annotated signals of emotion (CASE) and Wearable stress and affect detection (WESAD) for 4-class dimensional and three-class categorical emotional classification, respectively. These signals were pre-processed, and decomposed into phasic signals using the 'convex optimization to EDA' method. Further, the phasic signals were segmented into two equal parts, each subsequently segmented into five nonoverlapping windows. Spectrograms were then generated using short-time Fourier transform and Mel-frequency cepstrum for each window, from which we extracted 85 features. We built four machine learning models for the first part, second part, and whole phasic signals to investigate their performance in emotion recognition. In the CASE dataset, we achieved the highest multi-class accuracy of 62.54% using the whole phasic and 61.75% with the second part phasic signals. Conversely, the WESAD dataset demonstrated superior performance in three-class emotions classification, attaining an accuracy of 96.44% for both whole phasic and second part phasic segments. As a result, the second part of EDA is strongly recommended for optimal outcomes.

Protective Effects of Astaxanthin on Post-Thaw Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men

Fighting against free radical accumulation during the cryopreservation process with the help of exogenous antioxidants has become an effective strategy to augment post-thaw sperm quality. The present study explored the effects of various concentrations of astaxanthin, as a potent antioxidant, on human sperm parameters during the freeze–thaw process. Twenty-five normozoospermic specimens were included in this prospective study. Each sample was divided into five equal parts: fresh group, and frozen–thawed groups including 0, 1, 10, and 50 μM of astaxanthin. The prepared spermatozoa were cryopreserved by rapid freezing technique. Precryopreservation and post-thaw sperm motility parameters, sperm morphology, vitality, DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were investigated. All sperm parameters after thawing significantly decreased compared to before freezing. Treatment of spermatozoa with 50 μM of astaxanthin significantly increased their total and progressive motility, viability, DNA integrity, and MMP and decreased their intracellular ROS levels compared with the control group. In total, 10 μM of astaxanthin significantly improved total and progressive motility, DNA integrity, MMP, and decreased ROS levels, whereas, in the 1 µM group, there were significant differences only in ROS levels. As a result, we found that astaxanthin can improve sperm quality after freezing/thawing and decrease the detrimental effects of this process on sperm parameters.

Theses to Agvan Dorzhiev’s Report at the First International Buddhist Exhibition Expected in 1927 in Leningrad

The publication presents for the first time the B. Baradin’s theses to A. Dorzhiev’s lecture that was supposed to be delivered at the international Buddhist exhibition in Leningrad in 1927. A. Dorzhiev was a famous Buryat lama who received the academic title of Geshe (the highest philosophical academic degree in the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism) upon completion of his philosophical education in the monasteries of Mongolia and Tibet. After 1918, he was involved in organizational issues of the Buddhist Sangha in Russia. B. Baradin was an academic scientist and public figure, a professor at St. Petersburg University, and the author of studies on the history and teachings of Tibetan Buddhism. After the revolution of 1917, he began working in Buryatia in various administrative positions, focusing on the organization of the scientific and cultural life of the Republic. Their main idea is that the modern world consists of the two equal parts - East and West, unification of which is possible and even necessary for the further development of humanity. The system-forming teaching of the East is Buddhism; and the lecture hold on those aspects of Buddhist philosophy that could be compared with the teachings of the West. Four points are highlighted: 1) Buddhism is comparable to Darwin’s theory in that both consider humans in the context of all living beings in an evolutionary manner; 2) Buddhism, like science, accepts the determinism principle; 3) the Buddhist concept of shunya is similar to the relativistic principles of physics; and 4) the system of Buddhist psychotechniques is similar to the theory of reflexology. B. Baradin concludes that Indo-Buddhist culture and European culture are complementary and their rapprochement will bring us closer to a truly universal culture. The theses mentioned here are, apparently, the first systematic exposition of the views of neo-Buddhists-renewalists on the points of convergence between Buddhist and Western cultures.

Financial toxicity part II: A practical guide to measuring and tracking long-term financial outcomes among acute care surgery patients.

Acute care surgery (ACS) patients are frequently faced with significant long-term recovery and financial implications that extend far beyond their hospitalization. While major injury and emergency general surgery (EGS) emergencies are often viewed solely as acute moments of crisis, the impact on patients can be lifelong. Financial outcomes after major injury or emergency surgery have only begun to be understood. The Healthcare Economics Committee from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma previously published a conceptual overview of financial toxicity in ACS, highlighting the association between financial outcomes and long-term physical recovery. The aims of second-phase financial toxicity review by the Healthcare Economics Committee of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma are to (1) understand the unique impact of financial toxicity on ACS patients; (2) delineate the current limitations surrounding measurement domains of financial toxicity in ACS; (3) explore the "when, what and how" of optimally capturing financial outcomes in ACS; and (4) delineate next steps for integration of these financial metrics in our long-term patient outcomes. As acute care surgeons, our patients' recovery is often contingent on equal parts physical, emotional, and financial recovery. The ACS community has an opportunity to impact long-term patient outcomes and well-being far beyond clinical recovery.

DBlock-RLB: An energy efficient framework for intelligent routing and trading based load balancing in SDWSN environment

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an emerging field that enables them to work in complex scenarios with enough flexibility. The WSN systems are improved in terms of network flexibility by integrating Software Defined Network (SDN) to obtain SDWSN environment. However, security and energy efficiency are the major issues in the SDWSN environment which leads to low network lifetime. To resolve the existing issues, we proposed DAG-based BLOCKchain-Routing and Load Balancing Model (DBLOCK-RLB). The proposed approach performs routing and load balancing in the SDWSN environment in an energy efficient manner with high security. The SDWSN environment is composed of four major planes as data plane, switch plane, control plane, and application plane. The sensor nodes in the data plane are authenticated priory to ensure legitimacy and reduce unwanted network traffics by adopting Camellia Encryption Algorithm (CAE) which provides secret key to the user by considering several metrics. The authenticated sensor nodes are clustered to reduce energy consumption using Adaptive Threshold based Network Partitioning in which the circular SDWSN environment is split into equal parts and optimal Cluster Head selection is done by considering clustering metrics. From the clustered network, the CH is responsible for intelligent routing. For intelligent routing, we utilize Dual Agent-Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DA-TD3) in which one agent for optimal forwarder selection and another agent for optimal route selection. After routing, the load balancing is done to reduce the network overhead and scalability issues. The proposed work performs trading based load balancing by utilizing Stackelberg Game Model in which all the local controllers are considered as followers and global controller is considered as leaders. All the transactions are stored in the DAG blockchain to reduce the scalability and Proof-of Authentication (PoAH) used to verify the transactions. The proposed work is simulated using NS-3.26 simulation tool and compared with several existing works by validation metrics like throughput at 2.55(mbps), latency at 27.1(ms), packet delivery ratio at 91.5(%), network Lifetime at 546.5(s), and energy consumption at 14.5 (J). The results show that the proposed work outperforms better than the existing works.

Optical properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia from spectroscopic ellipsometry

Complex dielectric function (ɛ = ɛ1 + iɛ2) spectra of a heat treated single crystal yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) have been determined over a spectral range of 0.03–8.5 eV using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Spectra are collected using three instruments covering different parts of the measured spectrum. The YSZ sample is modeled as a semi-infinite bulk crystal covered by a surface layer described by a Bruggeman effective medium approximation of equal parts YSZ and void.

Improving the elements of cultivating technology for Sarepta mustard (Brassica juncea L.) on leached blackearth of Western Ciscaucasia

Increasing interest among agricultural producers in Sarepta spring mustard as a promising, multi-purpose crop requires improving the elements of its cultivation technology to obtain consistently high yields. The current study was carried out in 2021–2022 on the experimental fields of the central experimental base of the FSBSI “FRC “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V. S.”. The purpose of the research was to study and scientifically substantiate individual elements of the technology (sowing time, seed sowing rate and level of mineral nutrition) for Sarepta mustard’s cultivation on seed productivity of the crop grown on leached blackearth (chernozem) of Western Ciscaucasia. There has been established that the highest yield (1.42 t/ha) and oil yield (0.60 t/ha) of the crop is obtained at an early sowing time (the first term (early) is in the 2nd decade of April) with a minimum seed sowing rate (1.3 million units/ha). Sarepta spring mustard’s single feeding of with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N60 in the seedling phase has helped to obtain maximum yield of 2.08 t/ha and 0.87 t/ha of oil. But the largest oil content in seeds (47.1 %) was identified in the variant with the application of nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of N30 fractionally in equal parts, i.e. in the stages of germination (N15) and booting (N15). Foliar treatment of Sarepta spring mustard with helium mixtures (Micro gel at a dose of 1 l/ha and Brassica gel at a dose of 2 l/ha) in the booting stage allowed obtaining the highest yield of 1.85 t/ha, with 47.9 % of oil in seeds and 0.80 t/ha of oil yield.

An image encryption algorithm using hybrid sea lion optimization and chaos theory in the hartley domain

ABSTRACT This paper implements a hybrid encryption algorithm that combines multiple chaotic systems with the Sea Lion Optimization (SLO) algorithm and Discrete Hartley Transforms. Before converting the input image to the frequency domain, it undergoes confusion using the Lorenz chaotic system and is divided into four equal parts. Once the four sections are converted into the frequency domain, the confusion operations are carried out on each section using the chaotic sequences generated by the Uruk 4D chaotic system. The SLO algorithm incorporates a third phase of confusion to enhance randomness and disrupt the statistical correlation among the image components. The ultimate image is encrypted utilizing a bit stream derived from a chaotic Nahrain 3D system. The results of security tests and analyses conducted with the new hybrid algorithm demonstrate that it exhibited a superior level of protection against predictable statistical attacks compared to conventional encryption techniques.