Eponymous Terms Research Articles

NOMENs land: The place of eponyms in the anatomy classroom.

The law of Non-Original Malappropriate Eponymous Nomenclature (NOMEN) states that no phenomenon is named after its discoverer. However, eponymous terms are rife in the anatomical and medical literature. In this viewpoint commentary, the authors discuss the history of anatomical eponyms, explain the additional cognitive load imposed by eponyms that can negatively impact student learning and explore the view that eponyms are "pale, male and stale" in the socially conscious 21st century. The authors probe two of the most common arguments used to keep eponyms in anatomy education: (1) clinicians use them because they are easy, and (2) eponyms remind us of anatomy's history. Educators, clinicians and students need to work together to progress this movement and bring a modern lens to this discussion. Based on the arguments presented in this commentary, the authors propose that eponyms should be removed from anatomy curricula, textbooks and have no place in the anatomy classroom.

ЛІНГВОПРАГМАТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ПРОПРІАЛЬНОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ У СУЧАСНІЙ МЕДИЧНІЙ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ

The article deals with the dynamic and evolutionary processes of eponymous terms formation in medicine in the systems of English and Ukrainian languages. The aim of the work is to systematize medical propriatives on the basis of such defining features as denotative-characteristic, etymological-word-forming and functional features. Methods and techniques adopted in onomastics and stylistics were used, such as: textual and stylistic analysis, classification of onomastic material, structural, etymological and word-formation analysis, analysis of variants of names, synthesis and identification of patterns. The research focuses on lexical and semantic features and structural features of medical terms with an onymic component. The scientific research of domestic and foreign researchers on the presence or absence of a clear boundary between common and proper names is analyzed. The ways of origin of propriatives and ways of forming a layer of onymic medical vocabulary are outlined. Based on the samples of eponymous terms in accordance with the fields of medicine, in particular rheumatology and neurology, anatomy and clinical nomenclature, the characteristics of dynamic and evolutionary processes in each of the subsystems is presented: quantitative ratio data are given, ways and methods of formation are identified, the role and place of eponyms in medical phenomena and objects are determined, the structural features of these terminological units are described. Much attention is paid to the process of transforming proper names into common words. The processes of transition of proper names into common names, which occur in medical terminology, differences of propriatives and appellates in functions, properties, mechanism of development, essence and linguistic features, context, etymology and translation are studied.

EPONYMIC TERMS IN MORPHOLOGY OF HUMAN HEAD AND NECK STRUCTURES

Introduction. In the morphological sciences (human anatomy, clinical, topographic and pathological anatomy, histology, embryology, cytology, etc.), eponyms have been used for a long time. Experts apply eponymous terms, which contribute to the professional development of healthcare professionals, enrich their intellectual background, because an eponym comprises a piece of history and culture that have been created from the earliest times. Therefore, investigating eponyms in the medicine domain is of great cultural and professional importance. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the origin of eponyms relating to musculo-fascial structures of the human head and neck, and to obtain more information about the scientists whose names were given to certain terms through bibliographic analysis of the literature. Materials and methods. The methodology included general philosophical and general scientific research methods: dialectical, historical-chronological, bibliographic-descriptive, analytical, etc. Results and conclusions. The study of the eponymic terms contribute to the medical science by presenting the names of not only those scientists who are still remaining in the memory of grateful descendants, but also those who contributed to science, and then were undeservedly forgotten. Eponyms allow one to navigate the history of medical science, especially over the period of discoveries and detailed studies of anatomical structures. On the one hand, a certain national flavour of the subject is rendered by the eponym, on the other hand, one can conduct an important and necessary excursion into the history of medicine; also, unusual and non-standard eponyms can facilitate memorization of the subject.

The declining use of medical eponyms associated with the Nazi regime: A case study of changes in the International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization

This work focuses on a specific type of terminological variants, i.e. medical eponymous terms gradually replaced by alternative, noneponymous terms. This descriptive study is conducted on a controlled medical terminology set – the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The focus of the study is on the eponymous terms named after physicians associated with the Nazi regime. The aim is to analyse if these eponyms were included in ICD-10 and if they were transferred into the new, 11th version of the Classification. Of all the eponymous terms presented in the paper, seven were found in ICD-10. The overall result of this study indicates that the eponymous terms associated with the Nazi regime have been replaced with alternatives or removed from the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases in all cases, except for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

ANALYSIS OF EPONYMS IN THE TERMINOLOGY OF DERMATOVENEROLOGY

The article presents the results of a study devoted to such an aspect of terminological competence as eponyms. The paper provides a general description of eponyms in the anatomical terminology of English and Uzbek languages. Eponymic terms are an integral part of the medical terminology of different languages ​​that form the scientific discourse. Eponyms as part of the language of science contribute to a deeper understanding of human activity and his culture. The sublanguage of medicine is the most important source of knowledge about those people who created this science, and the tendency in modern linguistics to study the human factor allows us to consider the terms-eponyms in the light of the cognitive approach.

ТЕРМИНЫ, НОМЕНЫ И ПРАГМАТОНИМЫ В СПЕЦИАЛЬНОМ ЯЗЫКЕ СПОРТА (на материале эпонимических единиц)

The article deals with the problem of distinguishing between terminology and nomenclature in the eponymous lexis of sports. It starts with a review of research works concerned with the differences between terms, nomens, and pragmatonyms. As the extralinguistic factors influence research into peculiarities of a particular special language, including the status of its units, there is also provided a review of works covering the problems of special sports lexis classification. Eponymous lexis is considered as a special and significant inventory of special language units, from the historical, cultural, and professional points of view. The proper name as a constituent of eponymous terms, nomens, and pragmatonyms predetermines the similarities between these types of lexis. The functional features common for eponymous terms, nomens, and pragmatonyms are their international character and stylistic neutrality, i. e. the ability to function in all the registers of communication. Distinguishing between eponymous terminology and nomenclature is based on the semantic criteria, namely the idea of the referent’s oneness. The semantic meaning and thematic relatedness of the unit, as well as the nomination principles, are taken into account. Eponymous terms are the units formed on the basis of proper names and denoting actions, systems of exercises, equipment, rules, formulae for coun­ting the results. Eponymous nomens are the units naming sports facilities, competitions, prizes, teams, and clubs. The names of products manufactured in lots are considered to be pragmatonyms. The methodology upon which the suggested classification is based may be used in research on special languages of other spheres, eponymous units related to different themes, and while analyzing the linguistic features of units belonging to the special language of sports.

Lessico medico italiano e polacco a confronto: il caso dei sintagmi terminologici di tipo malattia di Banti/choroba Bantiego

Contrastive analysis of Italian and Polish medical vocabulary: case of terminological syntagms such as malattia di Banti/choroba Bantiego The main objective of this paper is to analyze medical terminology based on eponyms in Italian and Polish languages. The study is divided into an introduction, five sections and a conclusion. In the first part of the paper, the subject was introduced by determining the definitions of certain elements presented in the study, namely eponyms, synonyms and variants. In the following parts of the article, we proceed with the intralinguistic and interlinguistic analysis of eponymic terms. On the intralinguistic level, we have analyzed the eponymic terms in Italian as well as the co-presence of the other terms in medical language, while for interlinguistic analysis we have observed how medical terms with Italian onomastic component are used in the Polish language.

Eponyms in regional anesthesia

The paper discusses the use of eponymous terminology in regional anesthesia. An eponym is the name of a method or any phenomenon that is used in anesthetic practice. Eponymous terms are an integral part of medical terminologies used in various specialties, as they contribute to a deeper understanding of the doctors activities. The paper discussed the difficulties of professional mastering of medical eponymous vocabulary. In conclusion, eponyms are the most important means of professional communication between anesthesiologists.

MEDICAL DISCOVERIES, DISEASES AND SYNDROMES IN EPONYMOUS TERMINOLOGY (BASED ON ENGLISH, RUS-SIAN AND BULGARIAN MEDICAL DISCOURSE)

Thirty medical eponymous terminological units named after great scientists, physicians, mythological and literary characters have been debated in the current study. The eponymous terms are presented in English, Russian and Bulgarian medical discourse. Brief medical descriptions of the particular discovery, disease or syndrome have been made. Information is given about the person after whom the eponymous term is named, as well. The basic parameters of scientific term are identified: a) Unambiguity; b) Accuracy; c) Brevity; d) Systematicity; e) Grammatical correctness; f) Stylistic neutrality; g) Word formation. Special attention is paid to the specifics of medical eponymous term, its encyclopedic informative volume and didactic aspect regarding the teaching process of specialized medical vocabulary at medical universities. Medical domain “invasion” is highlighted in a number of other domains: politics, computer technology, economics, automotive engineering, ecology, etc. (based on specific examples).

SPECIFICS OF MEDICAL EPONYMOUS TERMINOLOGY (IN VIEW OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND BULGARIAN MEDICAL DISCOURSE)

Objectives: to give a general preliminary idea of the terminological unit; to summarizethe basic postulates of Frame — based Terminology Theory (FBTT); to outline the aspects ofmedical eponyms; to form medical eponymous models in English, Russian and Bulgarian academiclanguages; to emphasize practical dimension of the present study (application in language trainingprocess, expanding linguistic medical competence). Materials and research methods. 34 compoundEnglish, Russian and Bulgarian eponymous terms (including synonymous variants of the threelanguages) have been discussed. Methods of definition analysis, conceptual integration, cognitiveanalysis, eponymous modelling, etymological analysis have been applied. Discussion and results ofthe study. A brief description of the parameters of specialized language term is suggested. Framebased Terminology Theory by Pamela Faber (2005–2007) and its basic postulates are discussed.Interdisciplinarity and multidimensionality of the medical domain are indicated in the context ofmedical terminology. The emphasis is on medical eponyms denoting various diseases, syndromes,symptoms and named after great scientists, mythological heroes and literary characters. Conclusions.The following conclusions have been made: 1. Specialized language terminological unit is definitive,accurate, unambiguous, consistent with language norms, scientifically relevant, semantically complete.2. Medical eponymous terminology is expressive; immortalizes the memory of great minds ofmedicine, mythological and literary characters; provokes medical students» curiosity, expandingtheir knowledge. 3. Medical eponymous terminology base is multidimensional in terms of cognitive,linguistic, socio-communicative and pedagogical aspects.

Эпонимные единицы в англоязычной терминологии социальной работы

The paper aims to reveal intra- and extra-linguistic peculiarities of the English terms-eponyms in the sphere of social work and to assess reasonability of their usage in the terminological system. The article examines types of proper names in the structure of social work terms-eponyms, identifies thematic groups of terms formed on the basis of eponyms, provides a formal structural analysis of eponymic terms and nomens, considers criteria to differentiate them, and traces origin of certain terms-eponyms in the sphere of social work. Scientific originality of the study involves describing a previously unstudied stratum of social work vocabulary containing eponymic units. The research findings are as follows: the authors justify the thesis that not only an anthroponym but any onym can serve as a basis for an eponymic unit formation. It is shown that the model of a term formation on the basis of onyms is highly productive. The conclusion is made about reasonability of using eponymic units in social work terminology.

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Alfano, Mark. Nietzsche’s Moral Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. 314. $99.99 (cloth).

Alfano, Mark. <i>Nietzsche’s Moral Psychology</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. 314. $99.99 (cloth).

ANTHROPONYMIC STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC DISCOURSE

Purpose of the study: The article aims to study the anthroponymy structure of academic discourse based on the material of astronautical corpora. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve a number of specific tasks: to define the terms “anthroponym” and “eponym”, to reveal the structural types of astronautical eponyms, and to identify the functional significance of anthroponyms and eponyms.&#x0D; Methodology: The method of componential analysis and the descriptive method have been used as the primary research methods applying such techniques as observation, comparison, interpretation, and generalization. The methodological basis of the research includes discourse theory, the theory of precedence, achievements of cognitive linguistics, and studies on problems of terminology.&#x0D; Main findings: The authors propose to consider anthroponyms and eponymous terms as precedents, which are points of reference in the change of the scientific paradigm, help to systematize scientific knowledge, and navigate in its fund. The results of the study suggest that the anthroponymy structure of academic discourse provides information compression that makes the text concise without reducing information and performs a memorial function.&#x0D; Applications of this study: The research attempts to contribute to the further study of the academic discourse structure and the analytical description of its components using a cognitive-pragmatic approach. Higher education teachers can use the results of the article in lectures on the theory of academic discourse.&#x0D; Novelty/originality of this study: Few researchers have addressed astronautical academic discourse, investigating its structural and functional features. This study is the first to analyze the astronautical eponyms as super compressed signs of the precedent research.

EPONYMOUS TERMS IN MEDICAL GENETICS

Reforming of higher medical education in Ukraine requires reconsidering of existing learning technologies and tools as well as creating the approaches meeting up-to-date demands in order to improve the professional training of highly qualified specialists who can compete in the global medical services market. Medical biology is one of the fundamental biomedical disciplines aimed at familiarizing students with concepts about the basic laws of functioning of living beings at all organizational levels. The knowledge students have gained when studying this discipline is of great practical importance, since theoretical material is associated with a range of clinical disciplines. Modern textbooks, manuals, dictionaries of scientific terms in medical biology contains many eponymous terms. These terms are also used in international publications. The eponymous terms are widely common in biology, anatomy, histology, cytology, embryology, physiology that enables to develop interdisciplinary integral relationships and contributes to the formation of a scientific worldview. The knowledge of these names and their appropriate usage even at the beginning of the special training of future doctors leads to an increase in the intellectual level, contributes to a deeper understanding of the scientific foundations of disciplines through the mastering professional terminology and the language of specialists. The clear perception of eponymous names from different branches of medicine is important for doctors of any speciality. This will facilitate their professional growth through communication with colleagues, help in working with special scientific literature, and stimulate the need for self-education and self-improvement. Eponymous terms are difficult to remember, difficult to transcribe and transliterate, but they help preserve traditions and history, glory the names of scientists and doctors who have made invaluable contributions to the development of medicine. The purpose of the publication is to analyze and highlight the role of eponymous terms that are used through the course of medical biology, in particular, the section of medical genetics, to focus on the structural features of these terminological units.

Способы образования английских медицинских терминов-эпонимов

The paper aims to analyse the basic means to form terms-eponyms in the English-language medical terminology. Using the structural analysis method, the authors identify the most productive means of the eponymic medical term formation. As a result of the study, five means to form terms-eponyms in the English-language professional medical terminology are identified. The findings indicate that non-permanent usage of possessive case in the English-language eponymic medical term serves as the basic means to form terms-eponyms.

Academic Barbarism Reconsidered—A Comparative Study of Vladimir Nabokov’s Pnin and Qian Zhongshu’s Fortress Besieged

ABSTRACT In Academic Barbarism, Michael O’Sullivan coins the eponymous term and analyzes its diverse manifestations. He believes that the notion is worthy of more attention both in academia and beyond. This essay examines Nabokov’s Pnin and Qian’s Fortress Besieged in light of Michel Henry’s theory of barbarism as suppression of life. The essay unfolds around three essential questions in academia that concern both authors: the intrusion of the power structure of society into academia; the rampant scientism in academia; and academics’ blind faith in pedagogy. I argue that, writing some sixty years ago, Nabokov and Qian were already aware of the multiple educational problems that beset academia, thus qualifying them as prophets of the academic barbarism that is looming large on the horizon of today’s higher education.

Applicability of Eponyms in Modern Human Anatomy

The aim of study is to analyze applicability and features of eponymous terms in modern human anatomy. Material and methods . Anatomical terms of the International anatomical terminology are compared with the available eponyms used in anatomy and morphology in general. Several tables of correspondence were developed based on the results of this comparison. Results . Eponymous terms are shown to be extremely unsystematic; this fact does not allow us to determine the possible meaning of the term if its exact interpretation is not known. In addition, such terms are vague failing to establish logical connections between the terms of one authorship (except for the very fact of one authorship). The eponymous terminology is overabundant, i.e. one and the same structure or formation may have several names, or individual names may belong to minor parts of the same unit. Despite the abundancy, eponyms are limited, since several structures completely different from the point of view of the anatomical nomenclature can be hidden under the same author’s name, which does not allow to accurately identifying one or another formation outside the context of the use of the term. The use of eponymous terms very often has a pronounced national specificity and is associated with the origins of such names, the fact significantly limiting the use of this terminology in the international arena. On the other hand, they give a certain national flavor to the subject, guide us into the history of medicine, and also, in some cases, facilitate digestion of knowledge in a subject.

The Girdlestone situation: a historical essay.

The eponymous term 'Girdlestone situation' originally referred to an excision of the femoral head in case of an acute pyogenic infection of the hip, described by Gathorne Robert Girdlestone in 1945. Over time the procedure and the indication to perform it have significantly changed. This article presents a short biography of Girdlestone with a concomitant report on investigating the evolution of the indication and technique of the Girdlestone situation from the first description up to contemporary literature.

EPONYMOUS TERMS IN MORPHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF HUMAN SKULL

It is well known fact that in the domain of morphological sciences, e. g. human anatomy, clinical, topographical and pathological anatomy, histology, embryology, cytology, etc., eponymous terms are very common and have been being used for a long time. Eponymous terms are used to cover a wide variety of anatomical structures ranging from the most important to a less important in clinical practice. Eponyms in medical terminology in some cases result in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept and therefore, there seems to be reasonable to replace some eponymous terms with somewhat descriptive terms. This work was aimed at studying eponymous terms for human skull syndromes in anatomical terminology related to the human skull by reviewing relevant literature. The research methodology includes generally accepted scientific methods: dialectical, historical and chronological, bibliographical and descriptive ones. Nowadays, eponymous terms in the domain of human anatomy are an inseparable part of academic and didactic texts (monographs, students’ textbooks, research articles, etc.) and, as they are shorter than their non-eponymous variants, they may provide the texts with laconism. The eponyms studied are valuable in the reconstruction of the origin of a concept. The use of eponyms in medical terminology has been more frequent than in other domains, which has in some cases resulted in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept. The use of eponyms in medical terminology has been more frequent than in other domains, which has in some cases resulted in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept. The use of eponyms in medical terminology has been more frequent than in other domains, which has in some cases resulted in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept. The anatomical terms, which include names or surnames of researchers who were the first describe certain anatomical structures greatly contributes to a better understanding of the topographical and anatomical characteristics of an organ or a body area. The study of eponymous terms also contributes to the a stronger understanding of the evolution of clinical disciplines, to fostering critical thinking, as well as is a prerequisite for developing professional competence of medical students, their masterying the medical language.