Epistemological Value Research Articles

MOGUĆNOSTI DESKRIPTIVNE I NORMATIVNE PRIMJENE USTAVA U MATERIJALNOME SMISLU

The theory of the constitution in the material sense has occupied the attention of theorists of many disciplines for almost two hundred years. Because of its polemical nature and the difficulty of determining what a material constitution in general is, this theory was also considered somewhat controversial, even undesirable for constitutional theory. This essay, following the trend of the European constitutional theory over the past 10 years, which has again become more active in studying this “dangerous” topic, seeks to explore whether the concept of material constitution has any epistemological value for theoretical and practical considerations of constitutional law. Guided by the theoretical principles of Marco Goldoni, as one of the main leaders of the new wave of interest in the material constitution, this essay applies the "material study of constitutionalism" to the Republic of Croatia. In an effort to be a corrective to formal constitutionalism, the inclusion of the material level in constitutional considerations seeks to contribute to further deepening and better explaining of the constitutional reality. The first part, as a theoretical framework, is focused on the material constitution as understood by Marco Goldoni. The second chapter deals with the material inquiry of selected cases from the Republic of Croatia. There are strong indications that the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia in its decisions normatively used some aspects of the material constitution. In the conclusion, the possibilities and limits of both normative and descriptive use of the constitution in the material sense will be considered.

Is epistemic injustice a worthy application to mental health nurse education?

This paper explores the philosophical concept of epistemic injustice and contends its significance and relevance to mental health nurse education and clinical practice. The term epistemic injustice may be unfamiliar to mental health nurses, yet the effects are readily visible in the dismissing, silencing, and doubting of service users' knowledge, testimony, and interpretation. Existing professional values and clinical standards lack depth and critical exploration pertaining to epistemology and associated ethical concerns. Despite central tenets of person-centred care and valuing the service users' voice, epistemic injustice continues to occur. Epistemic injustice cannot be summed up merely by asking nurses to listen to service users. This represents an oversimplification of epistemology, ignoring the complexities of social influence and knowledge exchanges. Epistemic injustice brings something new and innovative to the nursing curriculum and fits within the principles of heutagogy. It encourages deep reflexivity surrounding the ethical issues of power inequalities and intersectionality. Inclusion in mental health nursing education allows for the social and political powers of psychiatric diagnosis as a form of silencing and stigma to be examined. Practical application is made to mental health nursing education and practice with epistemological values and ethical reflexive prompts. These can be utilised by educators and lecturers for pre-registration mental health nurse education, post-registration, and continued professional development.

Категория «синтетическое» в современном естествознании

The article is devoted to rethinking the content of the category ‘synthetic’ in the conditions of modern natural science (fi rst of all, synthetic biology) and its epistemological value. In this paper the category ‘synthetic’ is explored as a product of the epistemological method. The authors carried out an exposition of ‘the synthetic’ category based on the most modern materials of scientifi c and philosophical research. The article attempts to determine the content of the category ‘synthetic’, its place and scope in modern science, by taking into account options for defi ning ‘synthetic’, its advantages and disadvantages. The works of J. Schummer, in which he develops an ontology of biochemical interactions and the epistemic possibilities arising in this connection, were taken as a basis for the classifi cation and epistemological evaluation of specifi c manifestations of ‘the synthetic’ in the scientifi c fi eld. The concept of F. Bianchini defi nes any ‘synthetic’ as ‘artifi cial’. The article shows that the category ‘synthetic’ is considered as a theoretical construct that allows for the comprehension of phenomena which epistemological status cannot be unambiguously defi ned as ‘natural’. In the process of convergence of technosciences, there is a tendency towards the emergence of the ‘synthetic’ phenomenon as the main resource through which scientifi c knowledge is obtained. Due to the achievements of synthetic biology in modern science, the problem of the relationship between ‘natural’ and ‘artifi cial’ is reshaped. This happens due to the qualitative and quantitative expansion of the phenomenon of ‘artifi cial’ / ‘synthetic’ and rethinking the differences between them. Recent advances in the synthesis of organisms and their structural parts, such as the extended genome, allows for ontologists and epistemologists signifi cantly expand the possibilities of categorizing ‘the synthetic’ and build an ontology of ‘the synthetic’.

Plotting a New Course for Environmental Humanities

This article suggests that the notion of “the plot” has methodological and epistemological value for the environmental humanities. Conceptualized in the work of Sylvia Wynter, the plot—as material site and narrative mode crucial to the novel form—offers a heuristic for analyzing the conjuncture of political economy, social-cultural aesthetics, and power. The plot names places that have been created through improvisational forms of world-making against racial and socioecological domination. The plot also names an insurgent scheme that is staged from peripheralized places and that is crucial to maintaining these spaces of insurgent living. Plotting is presented as an analytical mode that offers scholars in the environmental humanities: a framework for place-specific historical-geographical and ecological study; a critical cartographical praxis; and an approach for examining the logics and affective relations of place production. Environmental humanities scholarship that engages with Black ecocriticism along these lines is well positioned to examine the geographies of the past, present, and future with attention to the racial politics of human embodiment. Such scholarship would be characterized by more careful use of spatial metaphors, ensuring that ecocriticism and broader environmental humanities work considers the material and physical racial ecologies alongside the discursive and representational environments.

Lizzie’s Insistent Rejection to Her Unconscious Desires in Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market through the Lens of Lacanian Desires

The growing concern in the latest critical practices and processes of a great many scholars as indicated in the continuous development and improvement of literary criticism with respect to the veritable and valuable characterization of this poem Goblin Market (1862) has been shown for the essential and evident exploration of the feasible solutions to the problems as most women character have to be faced with in an unavoidable fashion in Victorian age due to their blind adaptation to the ideological and epistemological values emphasized in the continuation of Christian beliefs regarding the essential and crucial morality to be followed in the increasing enrichment and improvement of their rationalist mentality. However, it has seemed to be quite pitiful that they have failed to probe into the unconscious minds of the vivid characters depicted in this poem to lay an ideological and epistemological foundation for the apparent clarification of the strong will of this character Lizzie has developed to enable her to get free from the imprisonment or enslavement of the hegemonic desires carried in the harmful fruits of the goblin men she and her sister Laura has encountered in their lives. For the sake of this critical blind spot, this paper will explore Lizzie’s strong will used to protect the purity and piety of her unconscious desires and to reduce to the least the possibility for her to fall victim to the vicious desires those goblin men aim to impress and impose upon her mind indebted to the rich theoretical enlightenment and encouragement entailed in Lacanian desires related to the conceptual elaboration of the longing for wholeness, sanity, and, meaning in the rich lives of his analysands. In the long run, this exploration will remind more and more readers of the objective truth that the strong willingness of women as exemplified in what has happened to Lizzie is bound to give rise to their great successes in rejecting their unconscious desires triggered in the popularization of the vicious desires of polluted men like those of the goblin men in this poem as epitomized in the developmental inclined with which the marketization and capitalization of the communicative activities related to the commercialization and commodification of the harmful and sinful fruits peddled in goblin market.

Structural and Functional Disparities within the Human Gut Virome in Terms of Genome Topology and Representative Genome Selection.

Circularity confers protection to viral genomes where linearity falls short, thereby fulfilling the form follows function aphorism. However, a shift away from morphology-based classification toward the molecular and ecological classification of viruses is currently underway within the field of virology. Recent years have seen drastic changes in the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses' operational definitions of viruses, particularly for the tailed phages that inhabit the human gut. After the abolition of the order Caudovirales, these tailed phages are best defined as members of the class Caudoviricetes. To determine the epistemological value of genome topology in the context of the human gut virome, we designed a set of seven experiments to assay the impact of genome topology and representative viral selection on biological interpretation. Using Oxford Nanopore long reads for viral genome assembly coupled with Illumina short-read polishing, we showed that circular and linear virus genomes differ remarkably in terms of genome quality, GC skew, transfer RNA gene frequency, structural variant frequency, cross-reference functional annotation (COG, KEGG, Pfam, and TIGRfam), state-of-the-art marker-based classification, and phage-host interaction. Furthermore, the disparity profile changes during dereplication. In particular, our phage-host interaction results demonstrated that proportional abundances cannot be meaningfully compared without due regard for genome topology and dereplication threshold, which necessitates the need for standardized reporting. As a best practice guideline, we recommend that comparative studies of the human gut virome always report the ratio of circular to linear viral genomes along with the dereplication threshold so that structural and functional metrics can be placed into context when assessing biologically relevant metagenomic properties such as proportional abundance.

Cognitive paradoxes and brain mechanisms

It is generally agreed amongst philosophers and neuroscientists that the main obstacle between the science of the brain and the conscious nature of the mind is rooted in an objective-subjective dichotomy. It is further common to classify natural sciences in terms of their epistemological values and their ontological existential attributes. As a result, one concludes that a computer that is useful for studying nature, such as the conscious mind, is not itself part of nature, or as phrased differently by the noted philosopher, John Searle, ‘there are no Turing Machines in nature! However, the great physicist John Archibald Wheeler, by declaring the famous dictum, ‘it from bit’, did impart a somewhat different approach to the true nature of reality. To reconcile the two contrasting portraits, a different picture, based on the principle of self-reference, will be presented, and applied to the brain-mind problem. It is demonstrated how this principle imparts a thermo-qubit syntax, i.e., ‘bit from it’, for communication between increasingly more complex physical systems. Altogether, the steady state situation produces negentropic pockets for quantification and storage of information. The communication protocol entails cognition mechanisms that display unexpected equivalences that prompts fundamental interpretations of general optical illusions such as Necker’s cube, the Rubin vase, and the Spinning Dancer. The derived syntax also embodies an interesting deconstruction of the recently observed dodecanogram brain signal, experimentally elucidated by Anirban Bandyopadhyay and his team.

Метанарратив и фразовый режим в дискурсе армянского города

The reader's attention is drawn to discursive phenomena, the study of which requires the simultaneous use of the so-called phrasal mode (or language game) and classical metanarrative technology, while these approaches are usually interpreted in linguistics and philosophy of language as two incompatible scientific paradigms. It is shown that these “paradigms” not only do not deny each other, but, moreover, their integration opens up great opportunities for modern science. The convergence potentials of the two approaches are conceptualized by studying the discursive specifics of the bilingual environment of the modern Armenian city. Russian Russian bilinguals use the data obtained through the discourse analysis of linguistic semantic features of nicknames modeled on the basis of the Russian language, which are common in Armenian cities in the speech of Armenian-Russian bilinguals, as empirical material. The ideas of S.K. Gural about the interdependence of discursive and socio-cultural practices in the context-discursive environment of modern bilingualism, where cognitive and communicative practices predetermine and complement each other in discursive interaction, are being developed within the framework of the studied issues. The conceptual approaches presented in the works of S.K. Gural acquire a new research vector and are used to understand the nature of the functioning of nicknames in the bilingual urban areas of the Republic of Armenia. For the first time, the cognitive–communicative coordinate system of urban discourse proposed by I.A. Savchenko is used to study the phenomena of urban bilingual discourse (in this case, “Russian” nicknames in the speech of Armenian bilinguals). The studied array of nicknames was obtained by means of questionnaires, surveys and included observation conducted among residents of a number of Armenian cities. As a result, a file of nicknames was compiled from more than 200 lexical units. Armenian city nicknames are divided into two large groups: The first group: – nicknames formed from proper names: anthroponymic (namesake, namesake and otpatronymic) nicknames, representing different modifications of the official name of the nickname bearer. Such urban nicknames are characterized by a transitional nature – from proper names to common names and are modifications of the passport name. The second group includes nicknames formed on the basis of identification associative and characterological features: “externally motivated” nicknames-identifiers; urban nicknames motivated by profession, occupation, hobbies and hobbies; nicknames motivated by the style of behavior of the carrier; nicknames-identifiers formed by the type of social and territorial affiliation of their carrier; nicknames associated with a precedent name. Cognitive-communicative discourse analysis of nicknames borrowed from the Russian language and which have become an organic part of the discursive space of the Armenian city, allowed us to confirm the hypothesis about the possibilities of integrating metanarrative and phrasal approaches in the study of linguistic and cultural phenomena. The study showed that, on the one hand, the formation and functioning of Russian nicknames in urban language spaces of Armenia can be interpreted by scientists as a language game, since it develops according to the principle of “phrasal mode”. This is especially true of nicknames belonging to the second group. On the other hand, the process and patterns of transferring a lexical unit from one language to another (in which it becomes an urban nickname) and, in general, the specifics of the functioning of a bilingual urban space cannot be comprehensively studied without understanding one language through another, that is, without using a metanarrative approach. The authors' conclusions go beyond the limits of a separate science and have interdisciplinary and epistemological value. In particular, it is established that in modern mass urban society there are no clear boundaries between phenomena, on the one hand, and metaconcepts, on the other – they form an integrated integrity in which new cultural patterns are formed, new knowledge is generated and a new communication context is formed.

“Prove Yourself”: Exploring Epistemological Values in Mathematics Department Support and Oppression of Black Women Faculty

Black women faculty members face challenges in higher education, including limited identity-affirming mentorship and under-­recognition of their scholarship. However, little is known about their experiences in mathematics departments, where Black women are more severely underrepresented and disciplinary ideologies of neutrality mask social oppression. We interrogate the role of mathematics epistemological values (MEVs) in shaping departmental racialized–gendered oppression experienced by six Black women. Our findings illustrate that (a) quantification practices underpinning faculty evaluation disregard Black women’s achievements; and (b) notions of proving as a solitary endeavor justify neglecting Black women’s faculty development. We highlight departmental practices that support Black women faculty members, reframe MEVs to promote equity, and discuss implications for mathematics faculty and administrators working to advance equity.

Educational sciences in France. History and current events

French educational sciences stem from a long history that began in the late 19th century when Republican education policy needed scientific support. At that time they use the expression “Science of Education” (Science de l’éducation: singular in French). It soon became clear that this reference to an unique science of education was not appropriate and the discipline disappeared from universities for a long time until they were recreated as educational sciences (Sciences de l’éducation: plural in French) in 1967. The article examines the content of these educational sciences, now challenged by neuroeducation, regarded as a new “true and unique” scientific approach to education. This essay questions the place of pedagogy in “educational sciences”, on the one hand, and the heterogeneity and epistemological value of this new discipline, its numerous and diverse contributions to the knowledge of educational phenomena, on the other. An agreement with UNESCO’s conception of pluralistic and multi-stakeholder educational research is also expressed here.

Biomothers and Technobodies: Jeanette Winterson’s Frankissstein: A Love Story as the Technocritical Hybridization of Trans- and Posthumanism

Abstract In Frankissstein: A Love Story, the British writer Jeanette Winterson reclaims the epistemological value of the literary interpretation of existential questions around the posthuman. By retelling Mary Shelley’s gothic classic, Winterson assesses, both ethically and aesthetically, the consequences of artificial intelligence for traditional conceptions of gender, life (re)production, and the commodification of bodily desires, as well as their fusion at the intersection of technology and art. With the methodological support of recent studies on trans-/posthumanism and material/trans-corporeal feminism(s), this article will attempt to show how, by revindicating monstrosity as the legitimization of new forms of life and love, Winterson hybridizes trans- and posthumanist polarities and relativizes the rigidity of the debate around the de- and rematerialization of nature in the face of practices such as mind uploading, the mass production of sex robots, and enhancing biotechnologies, through a technocritical examination of the risks and possibilities of the com-posting of human and nonhuman matter.

Beletristická rekonštrukcia portrétu Štefana Krčméryho z posledných rokov života (Anton Baláž, Povedz slovo čisté, 2017)

The novel’s portrayal of an unknown part of the life of Štefan Krčméry (1892 – 1955), his stay in a psychiatric asylum (1949–1955), belongs to the category of rare topics in contemporary Slovak fiction. In the novel Povedz slovo čisté, Anton Baláž gradually uncovers Krčméry’s complex, dramatic internal life through depictions of the onset and overcoming of apathetic states in the narrative, which also contains a series of diary entries by Júlia Orlovská, Krčméry’s attending physician. These entries record his lasting commitment to such values as the nation, religious faith, creative freedom, and the liberating space of literature. Carefully revealing his thoughts, attitudes and desires, Baláž completes the image of Krčméry as that of an artist, scientist, and preacher, who tries to hold on to these values even at the end of his life journey. Karol Matulay, the director of the treatment center in Pezinok, who is closely monitored by the new totalitarian regime, perceives him as a person with a „liberated imagination” or creative freedom, which can serve as a model for the „crouched imagination of Bratislava’s literati”. While the image of the final stage of Krčméry’s life seems more static, the fictitious character of Jakub Daňo, an ambitious student interested the world of literature, appears as a more dynamic and emotionally active character. According to the author, Krčméry confronts himself with the emotional experience of situations in time and space contained in his memory, with the time against which he is powerless and deprived of human dignity, due to his illness, but free. As a historical and sociological document, Baláž’s novel Povedz slovo čisté (2017) did not generate the „hero/heroes” of the current chaotic digital age; instead, the motivation behind his characters’ actions and behavior is timeless, while its empirical and epistemological value for the present-day reader is indisputable.

Geoff Harcourt and the Central Role of Values in Economics

ABSTRACT It is impossible to separate Geoff Harcourt’s economics from his moral values, both professed and practiced. His work exemplifies the view within the political economy approach that values are inevitably embedded in theory. This characteristic is in sharp contrast with the central tenet of the mainstream view of economic science that it is technical and thus value-free. In considering the role of values in economics we focus particularly on the distinction between moral values and epistemological values. We explore their nature, role and interactions at a range of levels in political economy and in mainstream economics: ontology (including scientific motivation), epistemology and methodology. It is shown that, while moral values are inevitably embedded in theorising, their scope can be severely constrained if epistemological values are given priority. The paper is intended as a contribution to meaningful and constructive debate about values in theorising, with an overarching argument for philosophical consistency.

М. Маклюэн: между медиумом и медиатизацией

Introduction. The article is devoted to the key ideas of the media theorist M. McLuhan. The Canadian culturologist and philologist conceptualized the advent of the era of a new, “electronic”, person and new electronic media. Theoretical analysis. M. McLuhan’s works, in a certain sense, shaped the direction and style of studying media in a social context, “The Mechanical Bride: Folklore of Industrial Man” (1951), “The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man” (1962), “Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man” (1964). According to his position, electronic media technologies can be understood as a medium, a means of communication. They have evolved from the simplest sound signals to signs on various surfaces (from rock art to the modern alphabet) and an electronic signal. Conclusion. Despite the inconsistency of the figure of M. McLuhan among media theorists, the view on electronic media, according to which the author offers a kind of “Renaissance”, turning prism, is of epistemological value, which, among other things, is used in the concept of the global village. The value of this idea is due to the tendency towards convergence of users of modern communication technologies (for example, social networks) and the media transformation of the era.

No Victims Without Sacrifice, No Sacrifice Without Victims: Conceptualizing Violence and the “Oklahoma City Bombing”

AbstractThis article proposes a conceptualization of violence that builds on a tripartite relationship between violence, victims, and sacrifice that frames violence as a self-justifying sacrificial act. This conceptualization delineates the nature of violence by addressing its transformation from an instrumental act to a constitutional act, making violence possible, ongoing, contagious, and productive. In particular, I argue, with the help of René Girard’s theoretical framework, that conceptual accounts of violence can gain further insights through an engagement with his concepts of sacrifice and victims. Violence, this article illustrates, becomes a societal feature by producing victims via sacrifice rather than drawing simplified boundaries between the relation of perpetrator and victim, mediated by the act of violence. To illustrate the epistemological value of this conceptualization, the article re-examines Timothy McVeigh’s justification of his Oklahoma City bombing. The article concludes that not only terrorism’s atrocities reflect this proposed conceptualization of violence but also potentially all acts of political violence.

Evaluating students’ ability in constructing scientific explanations on chemical phenomena

Evaluation of students’ ability in constructing scientific explanations on scientific phenomena is essential as an effort to obtain information and feedback for innovation in learning process and curriculum development. Unfortunately, this issue is still left unexplored by researchers in chemistry education. Such is presumed to occur due to validated instruments, measurements, analysis techniques, and diverse epistemological values that leave much space to be investigated. Employing a Rasch model, we intended to validate test of ability in constructing scientific explanations on chemical phenomena, examine data fit with the Rasch model, evaluate difference in the students’ ability in constructing scientific explanations, investigate items with different functions, and diagnose causes for difference in item difficulty level. The respondents were 550 students from seven senior high schools in three regencies/cities and 153 university students in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were collected by 30 test items; each item consisted of three questions measuring students’ ability in proposing their knowledge (Q1), evidence (Q2), and reasoning (Q3). Their responses were assessed on criteria and analyzed using the Rasch partial credit model. This model applies an individual-centered statistical approach allowing researchers to measure up to item and individual level. Results suggested that data fit the Rasch model measurement. Also, students’ ability in constructing scientific explanations varied significantly. We found no items with different functions, signifying that sex and hometown do not influence students’ ability. However, based on item logit value grouping, it was discovered that item difficulty level also varied among students. This was particularly due to students’ lack of chemistry concepts mastery that lowered their ability and accuracy in constructing scientific explanation. This shows lack of epistemological engagement of students in learning process. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into students’ ability to construct scientific explanations and sheds light on factors that influence their performance in this area. Findings highlight need for targeted interventions that address students’ conceptual understanding and engagement with chemistry concepts, as well as promote critical thinking and scientific reasoning skills. This has important implications for science education and can inform curriculum development and evaluation policies.

THE PHENOMENON OF BIEDERMEIER CULTURE AND ITS CHAMELEONIC CHARACTER

The article analyzes the Biedermeier culture as a translator of the «chameleon character», which makes it possible to single it out as a special phenomenon in the sociodynamics of cultures. It generalizes and clarifi es its essence, the reasons for its formation, subject-object relations in the Biedermeier philosophy of culture, an analogy is drawn between philosophical ideas and the formation of the spiritual and moral foundations of the philistine, which are infl uenced by traditional, eternal, patriarchal values, as well as established political and social economic conditions. The article focuses on the moment of change in value hierarchical structures, when new meanings, new semantic combinations are generated, which gradually penetrate the cultural code, and then take root and become established in the culture. The relevance of this work is connected with the ontological, axiological and epistemological value of the Biedermeier culture, the presence of philosophical content in it, refl ecting its anthropological and sociocultural essence in the context of the general laws of development of cultures, is postulated.

‘Come parto imperfetto’: Paratexts and organization in a sixteenth‐century book of secrets

AbstractThis essay addresses the Secreti diversi et miracolosi, one of the many ‘books of secrets’ (collections of medical and craft recipes) which crowded the sixteenth‐century Venetian book market. First published in 1563 and spuriously ascribed to the physician Gabriele Falloppia, this book was already subject to significant structural changes in its second edition (1565). The editors of the first and second editions, Giovanni Antonio Di Maria and Borgaruccio Borgarucci, discussed their respective choices concerning the arrangement of the collection in their prefatory letters. This essay examines the prefatory and organizational paratexts of both editions, which reveal a tension between the readability of the book and the reliability of its contents. It argues that the different paratextual strategies pursued by Di Maria and Borgarucci had a profound impact on the contours of ‘Falloppia’’s literary identity, the functions envisioned for the collection, and the epistemological value of the recipes therein. The editorial history of the Secreti diversi also prompts broader considerations on the popularity of books of secrets, showing how this was not only a matter of content but also, and often more importantly, how that content was presented to the readers.

Conveying different types of values via mathematical tasks

The purpose of this paper is to analyse possibilities of including and conveying a variety of values in teaching mathematics through tasks in terms of their openness. In the first part of the introduction we present the theoretical ideas about values in mathematics education by Bishop and Lim & Ernest. The second part of introduction sets out the reasons why an emphasis on values seems advisable. Mathematics is not commonly associated with a variety of values. However, for mathematical education an orientation towards societal demands appear relevant. Scholars like Skovsmose and Fischer alike demanded the development of a reflecting ability. Some national state curricula depict some of the societal demands by calling for an orientation towards general values for all school subjects, but in this we see discrepancies to practiced teaching. The section “Tasks and Values” relates to justifying why tasks appear to be a useful means of influencing mathematics education. Several scholars have already investigated the possibilities of different task-types for teaching values. Here we connect this purpose to tasks characterized by their varying openness. As teachers are essential to unfold the potential of tasks, the present analysis is intendent to give them concrete ideas for mediating values in mathematics classes. In the main part we analyse traditional tasks from ancient textbooks, with experiences in Armenian classes, as well as an open task with experiences of Austrian students in partner work. The discussed tasks provide opportunities for mathematical values like control, openness and for epistemological values as well as for more general values like self-confidence, mutual respect, justice and mathematics educational values like accuracy and consistency. In conclusion, the encouragement towards discussions among and with the students during the solving process of the task appears to be essential. Our experiences show that students mainly react positively towards such discussing activities. This could be a motivation for teachers to take up this issue besides of idealistic reasons.

Academic Migration and Epistemological Value: Exploring the Experience of Migrant Academics in Portugal

The internationalisation of higher education (IoHE) has become a prominent topic in higher education research. While there is increasing institutional and governmental commitment to IoHE, it is important to consider the actual outcomes of these processes critically. Despite the significant issues raised by the academic migration of professors, researchers, and post-docs regarding migratory trajectories and epistemological aspects of scholarly work, this area of research remains understudied. This article adopted a qualitative approach, drawing on semi-structured interviews with migrant scholars pursuing academic careers in Portugal. Our findings suggest that a complex interplay of factors influences the pursuit of an academic career by migrants, including the influence of institutional and governmental policies regarding science and the impact of marketisation of higher education institutions that have jeopardised academic career possibilities. Moreover, science and academic-related work seem to be the main drivers in pursuing an academic career for migrant scholars rather than primarily career-focused and economic strategies. Notwithstanding, our study highlighted the challenges that migrant academics face at the epistemological level, pointing out that their experiences are embedded in neocolonial logics that are further aggravated by current unequal societal arrangements related to what constitutes valid and legitimate knowledge and the power relations therein.