Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria Research Articles

Metagenome analyses reveal the influence of the inoculant Lactobacillus buchneri CD034 on the microbial community involved in grass ensiling

Silage is green fodder conserved by lactic acid fermentation performed by epiphytic lactic acid bacteria under anaerobic conditions. To improve the ensiling process and the quality of the resulting silage, starter cultures are added to the fresh forage. A detailed analysis of the microbial community playing a role in grass ensiling has been carried out by high throughput sequencing technologies. Moreover, the influence of the inoculant Lactobacillus buchneri CD034 on the microbial community composition was studied. For this purpose, grass was ensiled untreated or inoculated with L. buchneri CD034.The fresh forage as well as silages after 14 and 58 days of fermentation were characterized physico-chemically. Characteristic silage conditions such as increased titers of lactic acid bacteria and higher concentrations of acetic acid were observed in the inoculated silage in comparison to the untreated samples. Taxonomic community profiles deduced from 16S rDNA amplicon sequences indicated that the relative abundance of Lactococci diminished in the course of fermentations and that the proportion of bacteria belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes increased during the fermentation of untreated silage. In the inoculated silage, members of these phyla were repressed due to an increased abundance of Lactobacilli. In addition, metagenome analyses of silage samples confirmed taxonomic profiles based on 16S rDNA amplicons. Moreover, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactococcus lactis were found to be dominant species within silages as analyzed by means of fragment recruitments of metagenomic sequence reads on complete reference genome sequences. Fragment recruitments also provided clear evidence for the competitiveness of the inoculant strain L. buchneri CD034 during the fermentation of the inoculated silage.The inoculation strain was able to outcompete other community members and also affected physico-chemical characteristics of the silage.

The effects of additives in napier grass silages on chemical composition, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation.

The effect of silage additives on ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) silages was studied. Napier grass silages were made with no additive, fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB), molasses or cassava meal. The ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling Napier grass silages in airtight plastic pouches for 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 45 d. The effect of Napier grass silages treated with these additives on voluntary feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial rumen fermentation was determined in 4 fistulated cows using 4×4 Latin square design. The pH value of the treated silages rapidly decreased, and reached to the lowest value within 7 d of the start of fermentation, as compared to the control. Lactic acid content of silages treated with FJLB was stable at 14 d of fermentation and constant until 45 d of ensiling. At 45 d of ensiling, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of silage treated with cassava meal were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the others. In the feeding trial, the intake of silage increased (p<0.05) in the cow fed with the treated silage. Among the treatments, dry matter intake was the lowest in the silage treated with cassava meal. The organic matter, crude protein and NDF digestibility of the silage treated with molasses was higher than the silage without additive and the silage treated with FJLB. The rumen parameters: ruminal pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acid (VFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and bacterial populations were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, these studies confirmed that the applying of molasses improved fermentative quality, feed intake and digestibility of Napier grass.

Improved production of chitin from shrimp waste by fermentation with epiphytic lactic acid bacteria

The epiphytic Lactobacillus acidophilus SW01 isolated from shrimp waste (SW) was used in SW fermentation. During the fermentation the lag phase of SW01 was hardly observed. The pH of the fermentation broth decreased to 3.86 within 12h and reached the lowest point at 3.73 after 48h. This indicates a quick and deep acidification process by SW01. Besides, SW01 was observed to have high protease activity. As a result, the minerals and protein in SW were quickly removed with their contents decreasing to 0.73% and 7.8% respectively after 48h fermentation. In the pilot scale fermentation, the pH was 3.99 and 3.86 respectively after 12 and 24h fermentation. The mineral and protein contents were 0.98% and 8.44% respectively after 48h fermentation. The residue of the fermented SW contains less than 1% minerals and can be easily transformed into chitin by a mere bleaching treatment.

Silage Quality of King Grass (Pennisetum purpureophoides) Treated with Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Tannin of Acacia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the silage quality of king grass (Pennisetum purpureophoides) treated with addition of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) prepared from fermented grass extract (FGE) or combined with tannin of acacia. Experiment was arranged to a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. Treatments were (A) king grass without additive as a control; (B) king grass + 3% (v/w) of FGE; (C) king grass + 3% (v/w) of FGE + 10 ml of acacia extract (50 g/100 ml); (D) king grass + 3% of FGE (v/w) + 10 ml of acacia extract (50 g/75 ml); (E) king grass + 3% of FGE (v/w) + 10 ml of acacia extract (50 g/50 ml), and (F) king grass + 3% of FGE (v/w) + 10 ml of acacia extract (50 g/25 ml). About 250 g of silage materials were ensiled in 400 ml bottle silos at room temperatures (approximately 28 °C) for 30 days. Variables measured were characteristics of FGE, fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of silage. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the significance differences among means were tested by the Duncan's multiple range test. Results showed that the number of lactic acid bacteria in FGE increased from 0.8 × 107 cfu/ml to 2.9 × 107 cfu/ml after 2 days anaerobic incubation. Concentration of lactic acid in silages with addition of FGE or combined with tannin of acacia (B, C, D, E, and F) were higher (P3-N decreased with increasing concentration of tannin. Butyric acid concentration decreased in silages B, C, D, E, and F as compared to that in silage A. Addition of FGE combined with tannin prepared from acacia leaf improved fermentation quality of king grass silage.

Effects of the fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) and molasses on digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics of ruzigrass ( Brachiaria ruziziensis) silages

In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of the fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) and molasses on ruzigrass silage digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics in dairy cows. The FJLB was prepared from ruzigrass juice with the addition of 2% glucose and anaerobically incubated for 2 d before use as a silage additive. Ruzigrass silages were prepared with 5% molasses (MO), 1% FJLB (FJLB), and 5% molasses + 1% FJLB (MO-FJLB) and compared with the control (CO) silage (untreated silage). Three silos of each type of silage were prepared and stored for 45 d. The effects of these ruzigrass silages on voluntary feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and microbial rumen fermentation were determined in 4 fistulated cows using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 ad libitum diets: 1) CO silage, 2) MO silage, 3) FJLB silage, or 4) MO-FJLB silage. The 28-d experimental period consisted of a 21-d feed intake and 7 d of sampling. Silage treated with MO or MO-FJLB had lower pH and higher lactic acid content than CO and FJLB silages. Butyric acid was not detected in the FJLB silage. Ammonia-nitrogen content was similar for all diets; neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) also did not differ significantly. The CP digestibility of the FJLB silage was higher than the other silages. However, rumen acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and blood urea nitrogen contents did not differ significantly among the silages. The cellulolytic bacteria populations were significantly higher in cows fed FJLB and MO-FJLB silages than in cows fed CO silages. We found that adding FJLB to ruzigrass silage improved digestibility of crude protein and increased cellulolytic bacteria population in cows. Thus, FJLB may be an alternative way to use as a silage additive for tropical areas.

Fermentation quality and nutritive value of rice crop residue based silage ensiled with addition of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria.

Silage is the feedstuff resulted from the preservation of forages through lactic acid fermentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritive value, fermentation characteristics and nutrients digestibility of rice crop residue based silage ensiled with epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The mixture of rice crop residue (RC), soybean curd residue (SC) and cassava waste (CW) in a 90: 5: 5 (on dry matter basis) ratio was used as silage material. Three treatments silage were (A) RC + SC + CW as a control; (B) RC + SC + CW + LAB inoculums from rice crop residue; (C) RC + SC + CW + LAB inoculums from king grass. Silage materials were packed into plastic silo (1.5 kg capacity) and stored for 30 days. The results showed that crude protein content in B and C silage was higher than that of silage A, but NDF content in silages B and C was lower than that of silage A. Lactic acid concentration was higher (P < 0.01) in silage C compared to silage B and A, thus pH value of silage C was lower (P < 0.01) than silage B and A. Silage C had the highest Fleigh point than that of other silages. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were higher in silages B and C (P < 0.01) than that of control silage. It was concluded that the addition of LAB inoculums from king grass to rice crop residue based silage resulted a better fermentation quality compared to LAB inoculums from rice crop residue. Key Words : Silage, Rice Crop Residue, Lactic Acid, In Vitro

Isolation and Identification of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum)

Problem statement: Bacteria can perform a variety of beneficial functions, for example many lactic acid bacteria are responsible for fermentation of silage in the process of forage conservation. In the making of silage, epiphytic lactic acid bacteria are usually insufficient in numbers to promote efficient lactate fermentation. This study was conducted to identify the predominant indigenous bacteria, with emphasis on lactic acid bacteria, from Guinea grass (Panicum maximum). Approach: Two different condition of growth using nutrient and MRS agar were prepared for isolation of the bacteria. In total, 18 purified isolates were identified by BIOLOG identification system which comprised of 9 bacterial species. Standard plate count in the both conditions was considered. Results: Three bacterial species based on the first condition of growth were identified which were belonging to Flavimonas oryzihabitans, Enerobacter cloacae, Sphingomonas paucimobilis B. Lactic acid bacteria based on the second condition of growth were belonging to Weissella confusa, Weissella paramesenteroides, Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. dextranicum, Lactococcus lactis ssp. hordniae. Result of plate count showed that 8.3×103 CFU lactic acid bacteria are available per gram of fresh guinea grass. Conclusion: Three hetero-fermentative and one homo-fermentative lactic acid bacteria were identified which would be suggested to use as bacterial inoculants because of the insufficient amount of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria and the availability of pathogenic bacteria in the grass.

Effect of inoculants on fermentation and nutritive value of unwilted and wilted Lucerne silage

Homolactic bacteria have been used to inoculate silages and improve their fermentation. Inoculation with these microbes has increased the rate and extends of lactic acid production in silage and decreased proteolysis and production of volatile organic acid. Wilting of high moisture forages prior to ensiling usually enhances preservation and intake responses of cattle fed silage. Wilting creates an ensiling environment that is conducive to a restricted proteolysis and fermentation, and the resulting silage is typically higher in water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and lower in fermentation acids. The microorganisms used in silage inoculants depend on a high level of moisture for growth. Pahlow and Weissbach (1996) reported that only 10% of the total population of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on grasses grew on modified, selective agar with an water activity (aw) of 0.952 (forage with a DM content of 50%), suggesting that epiphytic LAB were not very osmotolerant. However, Lucerne is often wilted to concentrations above 30% DM before ensiling to reduce the chances of clostridial fermentation and In these silages, it may be speculated that use of osmointolerant inoculants can include two Excellences of wilting and inoculants to make better silage. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of wilting and inoculants on Lucerne silage quality.

Effects of Adding Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Fermentation Quality and Flora of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Grass Silage

Effects of Adding Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Fermentation Quality and Flora of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Grass Silage

Fermentation Quality of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Silages Treated with Encapsulated-glucose, Glucose, Sorbic Acid and Pre-fermented Juices

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of adding encapsulated-glucose, glucose, sorbic acid or pre-fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) on the fermentation quality and residual mono- and disaccharide composition of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) silages. The additive treatments were as follows: (1) control (no addition), (2) encapsulated-glucose addition at 0.5% for glucose, (3) glucose addition at 1%, (4) sorbic acid addition at 0.1%, (5) FJLB addition at a theoretical application rate of 2.67x10 5 CFU (colony forming unit) g -1 , on a fresh weight basis of Italian ryegrass. Although control and encapsulated-glucose treatments had higher contents of butyric acid (33.45, 21.50 g kg -1 DM) and ammonia-N/Total nitrogen (114.91, 87.01 g kg -1 ) as compared with the other treated silages, the fermentation in all silages was clearly dominated by lactic acid. This was well indicated by the low pH (4.38-3.59), and high lactic acid/acetic acid (4.39-22.97) and lactic acid content (46.85-121.76 g kg -1 DM). Encapsulated-0.5% glucose and glucose addition increased lactic acid/acetic acid, and significantly (p<0.05) decreased ammonia-N/total nitrogen, and the contents of butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as compared with the control. However, there were higher butyric acid and lower residual mono-and di-saccharides on the two treatments as compared with sorbic acid and FJLB addition, and their utilization efficiency of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) was lower than that of both sorbic acid and FJLB additions. Sorbic acid addition showed the lowest content of ethanol and ammonia-N/total nitrogen, and the highest content of residual fructose and total mono-and disaccharides as well as the higher lactic acid/acetic acid value. Sorbic acid addition decreased the loss of mono-and disaccharides, and inhibited the activity of clostridial and other undesirable bacteria, and greatly increased the utilization efficiency of fermentable substrates by epiphytic LAB. FJLB addition had the lowest pH value and the highest lactic acid content among all additive treatments, with the most intensive lactic acid fermentation occurring in FJLB treated silage. This resulted in the faster accumulation of lactic acid and faster pH reduction. Sorbic acid and FJLB addition depressed clostridia or other undesirable bacterial fermentation which decreased the WSC loss and saved the fermentable substrate for lactic acid fermentation.

Additive Effects of Green Tea on Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria (FJLB) and the Fermentative Quality of Rhodesgrass Silage

Two experiments were carried out on a laboratory scale. The first involved a study of the effect of green tea on characteristics of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB). FJLB was treated with 50 g/L of green tea products as follows: new shoot powder (FJLB+N), leaf powder (FJLB+L), commercial powder (FJLB+P), sterilized new shoot powder (FJLB+SN), sterilized leaf powder (FJLB+SL) or sterilized commercial powder (FJLB+SP). FJLB without any additive was also prepared (Untreated FJLB). After incubation, the number of microorganisms in FJLB were studied. Subsequently, these FJLB were applied at 10 ml/kg to chopped rhodesgrass to study their effects on fermentation. Compared with untreated FJLB, the addition of green tea increased (p<0.05) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and also aerobic bacteria counts in FJLB. At 60 d of ensiling, all the FJLB treated silages were well preserved, pH and butyric acid content were lower (p<0.001) and lactic acid was higher (p<0.001) than that of the control. Lactic acid content was significantly higher (p<0.001) with treated FJLB than with untreated FJLB. FJLB treated with sterilized green tea decreased (p<0.001) the pH and the lactic acid content was higher (p<0.001) than that in the unsterilized green tea silages.

Fermentation quality and nutritive value of green soybean stover silage

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) on fermentation quality and nutritive value of green soybean stover silage. Green soybean stover was cut and packed in drum silos without or with 5% (volume/weight) FJLB. Four sheep were fed a basal diet of 40% reed canarygrass hay and 60% commercial concentrate (dry matter basis) and assigned to two treatments: green soybean stover silage preserved without FJLB or with FJLB. Crude protein and neutral detergent fiber contents of green soybean stover silage (dry matter basis) were 16.4% and 45.2% for the silage without FJLB, and 15.8% and 47.1% for the silage with FJLB, respectively. Lactic acid content of the fresh green soybean stover silage was 1.41% for the silage without FJLB and 1.63% for the silage with FJLB. The butyric acid content of the fresh green soybean stover silage with FJLB was substantially lower than that of the silage without FJLB. There was no effect of FJLB added for silage making on the nutrient content, nitrogen retention or ruminal fermentation of the diets. It was estimated that total digestible nutrients content and digestible crude protein content of green soybean stover silage were 64.2% and 11.2% of dry matter, respectively.

The effect of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria with or without different byproduct from defatted rice bran and green tea waste on napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Shumach) silage fermentation

AbstractA fermented juice from macerated napiergrass containing epiphytic lactic bacteria (FJLB) and napiergrass was prepared, mixed with defatted rice bran (FJLB + DRB) or dried green tea waste (FJLB + DTW) and freeze‐dried. Silage was treated with FJLB + DRB, FJLB + DTW, DRB or DTW in powder form at levels of 2, 10 and 50 g kg−1 fresh matter (FM). FJLB in liquid form was added at a level of 10 mL kg−1 FM. All treated silages were well preserved, with lower pH, acetic acid and NH3‐N content and higher lactic acid content than that of the control. Butyric acid was present only in the control silage and those treated with DRB or DTW. Without powdered FJLB additives, napiergrass silages had higher pH values, butyric acid and NH3‐N content, but low lactic acid content compared with powdered FJLB silages. Increasing the amount of all powdered additives had effect on lactic acid and NH3‐N content. It may thus be concluded that the powder form of FJLB was as effective in improving the fermentative quality of napiergrass as the liquid form. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

Effect of Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Fermentation Quality of Rice Whole Crop Silage in the Undesirable Harvesting Condition

Effect of Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Fermentation Quality of Rice Whole Crop Silage in the Undesirable Harvesting Condition

Effect of Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Residual Mono- and Disaccharides Compositions of Forage Oats (Avena sativa L.) and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Silages

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of silage additives on the fermentation qualities and residual mono- and di-saccharides composition of silages. Forage Oats (Avena saliva L.) and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were ensiled with glucose, sorbic acid and pre-fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) treatments for 30 days. In both species grass silages, although the respective controls had higher contents of butyric acid (20.86, 33.45g kg - 1 DM) and ammonia-N/total nitrogen (100.07, 114.91 g kg - 1 ) as compared with other treated silages in forage oats and Italian ryegrass, the fermentation was clearly dominated by lactic acid bacteria. This was well indicated by the low pH value (4.27, 4.38), and high lactic acid/acetic acid (6.53, 5.58) and lactic acid content (61.67, 46.85 g kg - 1 DM). Glucose addition increased significantly (p<0.05) lactic acid/acetic acid, and significantly (p<0.05) decreased the values of pH and ammonia-N/total nitrogen, and the contents of butyric acid and volatile fatty acids as compared with control, however, there was a slightly but significantly (p<0.05) higher butyric acid and lower residual mono- and di-saccharides as compared with sorbic acid and FJLB additions. Sorbic acid addition showed the lowest ethanol, acetic acid and ammonia-N/total nitrogen, and highest contents of residual fructose, total mono- and di-saccharides and dry matter as well as high lactic acid/acetic acid and lactic acid content. FJLB addition had the lowest pH value and the highest lactic acid content, the most intensive lactic acid fermentation occurring in FJLB treated silages. This resulted in the faster accumulation of lactic acid and faster pH reduction. Sorbic acid and FJLB additions depressed clostridia or other undesirable bacterial fermentation, thus this decreased the water-soluble carbohydrates loss and saved the fermentable substrate for lactic acid fermentation.

Fermentative Quality of Guineagrass Silage by Using Fermented Juice of the Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria (FJLB) as a Silage Additive

This experiment examined the characteristics of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) prepared by the addition of glucose, sucrose and molasses as a fermentation substrate. The effect of FJLB on the fermentative quality and changes in chemical composition during fermentation of guineagrass silage were also investigated. The pH value of the silages treated with FJLB rapidly decreased, and reached to the lowest value within 7 days of start of fermentation, as compared to the control. The number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the treated silages increased for the first 3 days, thereafter the number of LAB declined gradually up to the end of the experiment. Silages treated with FJLB had larger populations of LAB than the control. Ammonia-nitrogen production increased throughout the ensiling period, which in the control and no-sugar added FJLB silages were higher than the other treated silages. Lactic acid levels varied with the time of ensiling and among the silage treatments. For any sugar FJLB treated silages, the lactic acid increased initially, and then slightly reduced to less than 50 g/kg of dry matter until 49 days after ensiling, except the silage treated with glucose added FJLB. Nevertheless, lactic acid content of the control decreased constantly from the beginning of ensiling and was not found after 35 days. Moreover, acetic acid content increased throughout the ensiling period. All the FJLB treated silages had significantly (p<0.05) lower pH and ammonia-nitrogen content, while significantly (p<0.05) higher lactic acid content and V-score value compared with the control. This study confirmed that the applying of FJLB with any sugar substrate improved fermentative quality of silage. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 6 : 807-811)

Additive effects of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria on the fermentative quality of guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) silage

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) prepared with glucose, sucrose or molasses as additives on the fermentative quality of guineagrass silage. The numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in all FJLB increased from 105 c.f.u. mL−1 to 108−109 c.f.u. mL−1 after 2 days of anaerobic incubation. FJLB mixed with 3% of the three sugar substrates were added at various volumes (0.2, 0.5 and 1%[v/w]) in experiment 1. As the volume of FJLB added increased, increases in lactic acid and decreases in butyric acid and the pH value were observed, except when FJLB prepared with molasses was used. In experiment 2, FJLB prepared with various levels of glucose, sucrose and molasses were made and added to guineagrass. The level of lactic acid production in silage was higher (P &lt; 0.05) when treated with glucose‐FJLB than with sucrose‐FJLB or molasses‐FJLB. The fermentative quality of silages tended to increase with increasing levels of sucrose or molasses in the FJLB preparation. We suggest that both increasing the volume of FJLB and increasing the level of sugar substrates in FJLB will produce high fermentative quality in guineagrass silage. Glucose‐FJLB is effective even when prepared with a low level of glucose.

Effect of crushing unhulled rice and the addition of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality of whole crop rice silage, and its digestibility and rumen fermentation status in sheep

ABSTRACTThis experiment was carried out to examine the effect of crushing unhulled rice and the addition of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) on the fermentation quality of whole crop rice silage, and its digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep. After whole rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. Haenuki) were harvested between the yellow and full‐ripened period of maturity, and cut at a length of 2 cm, four silage treatments were set: (i) non‐treatment; (ii) crushing treatment of unhulled rice division (crushing); (iii) addition of 1% FJLB; and (iv) crushing + addition of 1% FJLB. Lactic acid content increased with the addition of FJLB, and was highest in the crushing + FJLB treatment. Digestibilities of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were significantly higher during the crushing + FJLB treatment. There were no differences among treatments in the volatile fatty acid concentrations before and after feeding. At 4 h after feeding, however, the ratio of acetic acid : propionic acid was significantly lower with the addition of FJLB. It was proven that the fermented quality of silage was improved when FJLB was added to rice plants and then ensilaged, and the digestibility of the fibrous component was raised when unhulled rice division was crushed and FJLB was supplemented.

Effects of Adding Glucose, Sorbic Acid and Pre-fermented Juices on the Fermentation Quality of Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) Silages

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding glucose (G), sorbic acid (S), pre-fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) and their combinations on the fermentation qualities and residual mono-and di-saccharides compositions of guineagrass silage. The additives used in this experiment were 1% glucose, 0.1% sorbic acid and FJLB at a theoretical application rate of 9.0×105 CFU g -1 on the fresh weight basis of guineagrass, respectively. There was a total of eight treatments in this experiment: (1) C (without additives), (2) FJLB, (3) S, (4) G, (5) FJLB+S, (6) FJLB+G, (7) S+G, (8) FJLB+S+G. After 30 days of storage, the silos were opened for chemical analyses. Based on the results, all additives were efficient in improving the fermentation quality of guineagrass silage. This was well indicated by significantly (p<0.05) lower pH and BA content and significantly (p<0.05) higher LA content in the treated silages except for the FJLB than in the C. However, there was only a slight increase in LA for the FJLB as compared with the C, which might be due to the low WSC content of the original guineagrass (34.4 g kg -1 ). When the FJLB+S and FJLB+G were added, there were significant (p<0.05) decreases in pH and significant (p<0.05) increases in LA as compared with the FJLB alone. This indicated that the G, S and FJLB were of synergestic effects on the silage fermentation quality. The G combination treatments including the G alone showed large improvements in the fermentation quality as compared with the treatments without the G. This suggested that adding fermentable substrates (G) to plant materials such as guineagrass, which contain low WSC, intermediate population of epiphytic LAB, CP and DM content, is more important and efficient for improving the fermentation quality of silages than adding a number of species of domestic LAB (FJLB) and aerobic bacteria inhibitor (S). (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 6 : 808-813)

Evaluation of Fermentation Quality of a Tropical and Temperate Forage Crops Ensiled with Additives of Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria (FJLB)

This study aimed to examine the fermentation quality of a tropical Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpuereum) and temperate Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) forages ensiled additive of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and to determine what factor affects the fermentation characteristics of the crops. In both species cell walls neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents in silages were consistently decreased (p<0.05) with the addition of FJLB at ensiling more then Control treatment. The FJLB additive increased number of LAB (cfu) and lactate concentration in the silages in both species. The Control treatment without additive underwent a clostridial type of fermentation with traces of propionic, iso-butyric, n-butyric acids contents with higher (p<0.01) levels of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN %TN) and had appreciable decreased of nutrient in silages. FJLB treatment improved silage nutritive value with little contents of VBN %TN, ethanol and very small amount of dry matter (DM) and hemicellulose losses (p<0.05) between 2 to 5% and 7 to 3% respectively, in Elephant grass and Italian ryegrass species. The results in this study indicates that while among the factors affecting silage fermentation butyric type of fermentation was more pronounced in tropical elephant grass compared to the temperate Italian ryegrass, FJLB additive revealed a better silage fermentation products in both species. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 7 : 942-946)