Dye Eosin Research Articles

In vitro and in vivo Effects of Artesunate on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces and Metacestodes.

BackgroundIn this study, we aim to investigate the efficiency of artesunate (AS) on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and metacestodes.MethodsFor the in vitro assay, the eosin dye exclusion test and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were utilized to evaluate the effects of AS against protoscoleces (PSCs) from Echinococcus granulosus. In addition, mortality, ultrastructure change, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and DNA damage were measured in order to explore the anti-echinococcosis mechanism of AS. For the in vivo assay, CE-infected mice were divided into model group, albendazole (ABZ) group (200 mg/kg), low AS (AS-L) group (50 mg/kg), moderate AS (AS-M) group (100 mg/kg), and high AS (AS-H) group (200 mg/kg). Upon 6 weeks oral administration, wet weight of cysts and the ultrastructural changes of cystic wall were utilized to evaluate the effects of AS on metacestodes. In addition, the liver biochemical parameters, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glutathione/glutathione oxidized (GSH/GSSG) ratio in serum, and H2O2, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in cyst fluid were detected.ResultsBoth in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that AS showed anti-parasitic effects on CE. The AS could elevate the ROS level in the PSCs, which then resulted in obvious DNA damages. AS could significantly improve the liver biochemical parameters in infected mice compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, AS-M and AS-H decrease the TNF-α content (P < 0.05); AS-H group significantly decrease in the serum GSH/GSSG ratio (P < 0.05). The content of H2O2 in hydatid fluid treated by AS showed significant decrease compared with the model group (P < 0.01), while the T-SOD level showed significant elevation compared with model group (P < 0.01).ConclusionIn this study, we confirmed that the effects of AS on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and metacestodes may be related to the DNA damages induced by oxidative stress, which provided solid information for the research and development of drugs for cystic echinococcosis.

Studies of eosin Y - DNA interaction using a competitive binding assay.

The interaction between xanthene dye eosin Y and double stranded DNA has been studied by spectrophotometry. The conventional titration study does not show the interaction in the eosin Y - DNA system. Therefore, the competitive binding assay was carried out. The DNA-targeted ligands proflavine and methylene blue were used as competitors. Multivariate curve resolution - alternative least squares method (MCR-ALS) was applied to analyze the spectrophotometric titration data. The experimental binding isotherms were fitted by Scatchard and McGee equations. The binding constant of eosin Y with DNA was found to be 1.7·104 M-1. It is shown that the competitive binding assay requires consideration of heteroassociation for the correct determination of ligand-DNA binding parameters.

An eco-friendly and simple sol-gel autocombustion method for synthesis of copper hexaferrite nanostructures: characterization and photocatalytic activity for elimination of water contaminations.

In this work, copper hexaferrite (CuFe12O19) nanostructures are successfully synthesized by the sol-gel autocombustion route. Two natural reagents containing pomegranate and beetroot juices are used as green and eco-friendly fuels for synthesis of the nanostructures. The nanostructures are characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results show an appropriate amount of pomegranate juice as a fuel source creating a suitable route for synthesis of CuFe12O19 nanostructures. Therefore, the nanostructures are applied for degradation of different water contaminants containing eosin, erythrosine, rhodamin B, and methyl violet dyes. The comparison of the results shows that the nanostructures are a good photocatalyst for degradation of erythrosine. Therefore, green CuFe12O19 nanostructures can be a good candidate as UV light catalyst for removal of wastewater contaminations.

A study of the spectral behaviour of Eosin dye in three states of metallosurfactants: Monomeric, micelles and metallosomes

Eosin Yellow (EY) is one of the most prominent synthetic dyes used for the histological stain but it is prone to fading under the influence of the surrounding environment. This article describes the better understanding of spectral characteristics of EY in three different environments (aggregates) of metallosurfactants i.e. monomeric, metallomicellar and metallosomal solution in phosphate buffer pH = 7. This study also compares photophysics of EY with four different transition metal ion (Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) based metallosurfactants, which is beneficial in biomedical applications. It was observed that the addition of EY provoked the formation of metallomicelles at the lower concentration of metallosurfactants. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy clarify the mechanism of ion-pair formation associated with electrostatic interaction between cationic metallosurfactants (in the monomeric state) and anionic EY, which become stronger due to the presence of metal ion that acts as an electrolyte to increase the solvation of EY. Further, metallomicelles leads to solubilize the EY at their Stern layer. The Stern-Volmer study indicates the static quenching of EY with metallosurfactants occurred at two binding sites. This interaction also quantified the enhanced fluorescence quantum yield. In the case of the third type of aggregates i.e. metallosomes, we observed a high encapsulation efficiency (75 %) of EY in metallosomes which is supported by confocal microscopy. Along with, the antimicrobial activity of metallosurfactants was evaluated against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Adsorption of toxic dye Eosin Y from aqueous solution by clay/carbon composite derived from spent bleaching earth.

The environmentally friendly clay/carbon composite (SBE/C) was prepared by one-step pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere at 700°C of spent bleaching earth (SBE) from the industrial waste of the refined oil industry. SBE/C was tested to remove anionic dye Eosin Y from aqueous water. The results revealed that SBE/C had larger specific surface area than SBE, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity of SBE/C (11.15mg/g) was about 3 times than that of SBE (4.04mg/g). The adsorption process was found to be exothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption capacity of SBE/C was independent on pH (5-12), and exhibits satisfactorily recyclable performance. Combined with characterization analysis, the adsorption mechanism likely includes electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, halogen bonding, and π-π interaction. Overall, this exploration of SBE/C might open a window to the design of an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for Eosin Y dye elimination from wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The resource utilization of industrial waste SBE was achieved. SBE/C was synthesized and tested to adsorb Eosin Y for the first time. SBE/C had characteristics with porous structure and large surface area. pH had little effect on adsorption capacity of SBE/C for Eosin Y. SBE/C exhibited potential for dye elimination from wastewater.

Fluorescent, Prussian Blue-Based Biocompatible Nanoparticle System for Multimodal Imaging Contrast.

(1) Background. The main goal of this work was to develop a fluorescent dye-labelling technique for our previously described nanosized platform, citrate-coated Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles (PBNPs). In addition, characteristics and stability of the PB nanoparticles labelled with fluorescent dyes were determined. (2) Methods. We adsorbed the fluorescent dyes Eosin Y and Rhodamine B and methylene blue (MB) to PB-nanoparticle systems. The physicochemical properties of these fluorescent dye-labeled PBNPs (iron(II);iron(III);octadecacyanide) were determined using atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, scanning- and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy. A methylene-blue (MB) labelled, polyethylene-glycol stabilized PBNP platform was selected for further assessment of in vivo distribution and fluorescent imaging after intravenous administration in mice. (3) Results. The MB-labelled particles emitted a strong fluorescent signal at 662 nm. We found that the fluorescent light emission and steric stabilization made this PBNP-MB particle platform applicable for in vivo optical imaging. (4) Conclusion. We successfully produced a fluorescent and stable, Prussian blue-based nanosystem. The particles can be used as a platform for imaging contrast enhancement. In vivo stability and biodistribution studies revealed new aspects of the use of PBNPs.

Photocatalytic removal of eosin dye from aqueous solution over titanium dioxide

A Various concentrations of Eosin dye were irradiated using titanium dioxide as a catalyst. The irradiation was carried out using the catalyst (0.1gm/100ml), mercury lamp 125 Watts from external source and at Rt. The effect of TiO2 on the photocatalytic degradation of Eosin was studied in various conditions such as, studying the effect of loaded mass of titanium dioxide, effect of eosin dye concentration and effect of inorganic anions.

One-pot synthesis of hierarchical porous covalent organic frameworks and two-dimensional nanomaterials for selective removal of anionic dyes

Abstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are new generation of porous materials constructed from light elements (such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen) linked via covalent bonds. Herein, one-pot synthesis of the composite of a COF and two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (graphene oxide (GO), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and boron nitride (BN)) was reported. Melamine is poly-condensed with terephthaldehyde in the presence of GO, g-C3N4, and BN leading to the formation of a series of highly cross-linked microporous hierarchical porous amine networks. The thermal behavior, surface morphology, and crystalline structure were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared COF nanocomposites possessed a high surface area of 42-509 m2 g−1 with a hierarchical porous structure and high thermal stability. COF nanocomposites (COF@GO, COF@g-C3N4, and COF@BN) were explored as an adsorbent for dye removal anionic dyes (Eosin dye and fluorescein) and cationic dyes (Fuchsine, and methylene blue). The composite materials exhibit high adsorption efficiency of 100% with excellent selectivity compared to the pristine COF. The synergic effect of COF and 2D nanomaterials improves the adsorption performance of the materials.

Facile synthesis of trimethylammonium grafted cellulose foams with high capacity for selective adsorption of anionic dyes from water

The increasing amount of dye discharge is imposing more stringent requirements on dye removal than ever before. In this work, a three-dimensional network structured cationic cellulose foam (CCF) with high dye adsorption capability and highly selective adsorption of anionic dyes is prepared through grafting and chemical crosslinking. It exhibits a maximum anionic dye Eosin Y (EY) adsorption capacity of 364.22 mg/g and a corresponding removal efficiency as high as 99.58 %. Besides, results indicate that the obtained CCF displays superior adsorption capability for anionic dyes, environmental adaptability, as well as high recyclability. The isothermal and kinetics of the dye adsorption highly match Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that anionic dyes are absorbed on CCF through chemical and monolayer action. All these merits demonstrate a simple, feasible and effective approach for the design and fabrication of cellulose foams with selective adsorption of anionic dyes from wastewater.

Anti-mutagenic Action of Ruta chalepensis against Rat Sperm Cell Abnormalities-induced by Potassium Bromate

Aims: The aim of current study was to investigate the genotoxic damage of potassium bromate on sperm cell morphology and the potential defense role of Ruta chalepensis (Rue) against the potassium bromate effects.&#x0D; Study Design: Fifty rats (Strain: Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into five groups (10 rats/group) as follows: (Control group) received distilled water daily for 4 weeks, (KBrO3 group) treated with KBrO3 (100 mg/kg/b.w) for 4 weeks, (Rue group) received Rue orally in a daily dose (0.5 g/animal) for 4 weeks, (treatment group) were first provided with oral doses of KBrO3 daily for 2 weeks and then treated orally with KBrO3 in association with Rue for an additional 2 weeks Finally (protective group) was administered with Rue orally for 2 weeks and then administered oral doses of Rue in association with KBrO3 for an additional 2 weeks.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Zoology and Department of Botany, University of Omar Almukhtar, between July 2018 and September 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: Sperm suspensions, filtered and smears were made according to the standard protocol for sperm morphology assay. The smears were fixed, allow to dry and stained with hematoxylin and then washed under slow running water until the excess stain is removed and were putted in eosin dye.&#x0D; Results: The results were showed that potassium bromate has the ability to cause mutations in the morphology of sperm cells. The highest mutation rates of head, tail and neck reached 16.60, 5.200 and 3.200 respectively in animals. Several types of sperm abnormalities such as hock free, banana type, amorphous, hummer shape after the administration of potassium bromate comparing with the negative control animals that treated only with potassium bromate. On the other hand, the oil extract of Ruta chalepensis significantly inhibited the mutations by declining the abnormality rates of head, tail and neck to 2.600, 1.600 and 0.400 in protective group. Thus, potassium bromate has to be considered as a conceivable line regarding human health.&#x0D; Conclusion: Potassium bromate clearly caused a wide range of sperm cell abnormalities and Rue oil extracts have a good anti-mutagenic effects against potassium bromate by decreasing the sperm cell abnormalities.

Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract in Alloxan-Induced Sprague-Dawley Rats

The treatment of diabetes mellitus using drug medications have side effects such as weight gain, hypoglycemia, the risk of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. These limitations have become one reason to use complementary therapy from plant extract, such as Vernonia amygdalina as an antidiabetes. This research aimed to investigate the effect of V. amygdalina leaf extracts as antidiabetic and antioxidant agents by measuring the fasting Blood Glucose Levels (BGLs), IC50 value and the profiles of phytochemical constituents using LC-MS analysis. We used 24 Sprague-Dawley rats (200-300 g) divided into six groups: normal group, positive control group and negative control group. The other three groups were leaf extract groups in different doses: 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg BW dose of leaf extract groups, respectively. The antidiabetic effects were tested based on BGLs were observed for 16 days and examined on day 4, 8, 12 and 16. The rat renal histological changes were observed under an electron microscope using Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) dye. V. amygdalina leaf extract showed an effect in reducing BGL on diabetic rats with an effective dose of 200 mg/kg. Renal histopathology result showed necrosis on proximal tubules in all treatment except the normal group. In conclusion, the administration of V. amygdalina leaf extract can reduce BGL. However, it did not show any improvement in the histopathological structure of the kidney.

Structural and Functional Tailoring of Melanin-Like Polydopamine Radical Scavengers

Melanin is a ubiquitous but poorly understood polymeric, dark brown to black pigment biomaterial found both in nature and by organic synthesis. Its structural heterogeneity and disordered covalent/...

Graphene-based nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes

Graphene oxide (GO) is an sp2-bonded single atomic layer of carbon atoms with plenty of oxy-functional groups at its surface. The occurrence of large surface area (~ 2630 m2/g), surface functionalities, electronic, and mechanical properties make graphene-based compounds favorable for remediation applications. We report the synthesis and comparative dye degradation efficiencies of two titania (TiO2)-based composites, GO-TiO2, and reduced GO-TiO2 (rGO-TiO2). Both the composites are characterized using SEM-EDX, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. We study the photocatalysis-mediated degradation of anionic dye Eosin Y and cationic dye Methylene blue (MB) in aqueous dispersions under white light and UV irradiation. Our results demonstrate that rGO(10 wt%)-TiO2 composite shows the maximum degradation (~ 95%) of both 10 ppm Eosin Y and MB dyes in the aqueous dispersion. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of rGO-TiO2 composites as compared to TiO2 and GO-TiO2 can be credited to the presence of efficient electron shuttling from the conduction band of TiO2 into the conductive regions of graphene which eventually restricts further recombination of e−/h+ pairs. Furthermore, the effects of solution pH and TiO2 loading are studied on the degradation process.

TiO2 Immobilized on Fibrous Clay as Strategies to Photocatalytic Activity

Abstract TiO2 immobilized in Sepiolite (TiO2/Sep) was successfully prepared by the sol-gel technique, with titanium isopropoxide as the precursor for the formation of TiO2 in the anatase phase calcined at 400 °C. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that TiO2/Sep structure was identified in all characterizations, showing the specific peaks, bands, mass loss, and morphology after the impregnation process. Photocatalytic experiments were performed under UV irradiation with various photocatalyst concentrations and pH effects in the reaction. The prepared samples presented 72% photocatalytic efficiency for eosin (EA) dye discoloration after 150 min under UV light. This efficiency was attributed to the radicals generated from the TiO2 and the high specific surface area, showing that TiO2/Sep is promising candidate in the degradation of organic pollutants.

Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y

AbstractThe functional characteristics of a new eosin dye with biocidal quaternary ammonium group (E) were studied in aqueous solution and in organic solvents of different polarity. The spectral properties depend on the nature and polarity of the respective solvents. The antimicrobial activity of compound E has been tested in vitro against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter johnsoni and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive bacteria (Sarcina lutea and Bacillus cereus) and the antifungal activity was tested against the yeasts Candida lipolytica in solution and after treated on cotton fabric. Broth dilution test has been used for quantitative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of compound E against the model strains. The ability of compound E to inhibit the growth of model Gram-negative P. aeruginosa strain was assessed after 16 h of incubation in presence and absence of light. These experiments were conducted in planktonic format in solution and on cotton fabric. The results suggest that the new compound is effective in treating the relevant pathogens with better results being obtained by irradiation with light. In this case the quaternary ammonium group promotes the binding of eosin Y moiety to the bacterial cell wall thus accelerating bacterial photo inactivation.

EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN PEWARNA ALTERNATIF PREPARAT PERMANEN TELUR NEMATODA USUS MENGGUNAKAN PEWARNA RHODAMIN B

Staining is one of support microscopic examination in the identification of worm eggs. Staining techniques are needed to clarify the various elements and the description of the microscopic worm eggs and distinguish it from the surrounding dirt. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining method that is widely used in the staining of histological tissue. Dyes commonly used in the examination of intestinal nematode eggs on is dye eosin. To added reference dye Rhodamine B dye used as an alternative to dye eosin. The method used is experiment by conducting concentration ratio of Rhodamine B 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% to 2% eosin control. The results based on Kruskal-Wallis Test showed the normality test is 0.357, p-value sig (0.357) &gt; 0.05, so that the data group to be tested otherwise normal. Then performed statistical tests Kruskal WallisTtest to determine the accuracy of the file thus obtained p-value (0.407) &gt; 0.05, meaning there is no significant difference in the concentration of the dye Rhodamine B of the entire treatment. Morphology of worm eggs clearly visible from the outside layer to the inside layer, the visual field Rhodamine B dye is clearly visible, color contrast eggs are also clearly visible. From the research conducted, it can be concluded that the dye Rhodamine B dye can be used as an alternative to dye eosin.

Unique Processing of Grape Wine Residue and Its Biosynthetic Platinum Nanoparticles for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

AbstractPlatinum is one of the most effective catalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. In this work, platinum nanoparticles(PNPs) biosynthesized by the agricultural waste: grape wine residue(GWR) were introduced into dye eosin Y (EY) sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen evolution system by one‐pot method. Results revealed that the amount of hydrogen produced with GWR was 4.8 times higher than that without GWR. Characterizations showed that the excellent effect was due not only to smaller and more dispersed PNPs (4.30 ± 0.67 nm) synthesized by the reductive and protective effect of GWR, but also to the effectiveness of GWR in accelerating the electron transport rate, inhibiting the return of the excited EY to the ground state, and prolonging the lifetime of EY. In addition, polyphenols and flavonoids in GWR were the main active ingredients in the preparation of PNPs, polyphenols were the main active ingredient in hydrogen production.

Artificial light-harvesting supramolecular assemblies with different morphology formed by cucurbit[n]urils-based host-guest complexation

In the present work, we have designed and synthesized an amphiphilic pyridinium-functionalized anthracene (AP) compound, which can self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Moreover, AP can form AP-CB7 and AP-CB8 complexes with cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) through host-guest interactions in aqueous solution, in which the pyridinium moiety or the pyridinium and anthracene moieties were encapsulated into the cavity of CB7 or CB8. AP-CB7 and AP-CB8 can further self-assemble into nanospheres and nanorods, respectively. More interestingly, three light-harvesting systems were constructed in aqueous solution by using the positively charged supramolecular assemblies of AP, AP-CB7, and AP-CB8 as an energy donor and a negatively charged fluorescent dye Eosin Y disodium salt (EY) as an energy acceptor, in which three different energy donors based on different supramolecular assemblies with various structures exhibited entirely distinguishing energy transfer performance. The energy transfer efficiency and antenna effect are 17.8% and 10.3 for AP, 19.2% and 17.6 for AP-CB7, 22.3% and 15.1 for AP-CB8 after addition of the energy acceptor EY at a donor/acceptor ratio of 100:1, respectively.

Eosin-Y-Catalyzed Photoredox C-S Bond Formation: Easy Access to Thioethers.

An operationally simple Eosin Y catalyzed sulfenylation of hydrazones has been realized to afford a range of thioethers under visible light. The methodology provides high yields of thioethers under ambient conditions employing readily available and inexpensive starting materials. The reaction has broad substrate scope and is compatible with various functional groups.

Ionic liquid as a moderator for improved sensing properties of TiO2 nanostructures for the detection of acetone biomarker in diabetes mellitus

In the present work, TiO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by hydrothermal process and characterized using the techniques like FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. FTIR spectral analysis confirms the presence of TiO characteristic bond in TiO2 nanoparticles. The rutile phase of TiO2 nanoparticles having an average crystallite size of 26.8 nm was confirmed by XRD analysis. The SEM images indicate that the prepared nanoparticles are crystalline having a strong tendency to agglomerate. The 1-H-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid having aromaticity and conductive sites in its structure were synthesized using the simple neutralization method. A new colorimetric method was developed for acetone detection based on low-cost stable eosin dye as a substrate which reacts with acetone in the presence of ionic liquid coated TiO2 nanoparticles. The colored eosin dye (brown color) solution has been changed to the colorless product after reaction with acetone as analyzed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The optimization of different parameters (time, pH, temperature, concentrations, loading of nanoparticles, etc.) was conducted in order to get the best results of the proposed sensor. This sensor shows a wide linear range of 1.6 × 10−6–6.1 × 10−5 mol L−1 and low limit of detection i.e. 2.7023 × 10−5 mol L−1 with an R2 value of 0.9995. The selectivity of the sensor was excellent when compared with the potential interfering substances. The response time was measured only 5 min for the proposed sensor. Moreover, the sensor was successfully applied to test acetone in the urine samples of diabetic patients having a blood sugar level in the range of 245–370 mg/dL.