Environmental System Research Articles

Development of an Internet of Things-based Environmental Information System for Realtime Monitoring of Air Conditions

This study aims to develop an environmental information system called the Environmental Monitoring System (EENNOS) to monitor air environmental conditions. ENNOS is an Internet of Things (IoT) based system that monitors air environmental conditions in the form of temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide. The research was conducted using the 4D development method which consisted of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. EENNOS was developed using a DHT 22 sensor for DHT 22 temperature and humidity and a carbon dioxide sensor with MQ-135. The controller used is Arduino uno ESP8266 with output sending using the internet to the database and presented on the dashboard and displayed on a 16x2 liquid crystal screen. The output is in the form of dashboard innovations that are registered with copyrights and scientific publications in the form of articles in the Journal of Environmental Sciences.

The evolution of tire-road wear particles and road surface texture under rolling friction

Traffic-related non-exhaust emissions are an important part of air pollution, which can adversely affect human health when inhaled. Tire-road wear is a significant source of these emissions and originates from tire-road friction. To gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between tire-road wear particles and road surface texture under rolling friction, this study conducted long-term durability experiments using a Model Mobile Load Simulator at 1/3rd scale to form a closed environmental test system. The experiments were conducted under 30°C, 50 % relative humidity, 0.7 MPa tire-ground pressure, and 5.4 km/h rolling speed. Based on an analysis of asphalt concrete-13 Marshall samples’ British Pendulum Number (BPN) value, Mean Texture Depth (MTD), wear particle size distribution, particulate matter (PM) concentration, and thermogravimetric analysis during 1600,000 rolling times, this study draws the following conclusions: This indoor research has indicated that the weight ratio of tire and asphalt wear to aggregates and mineral fillers is approximately 4.5:5.5 (after stabilization). When the tire contacts the aggregate exposed after asphalt film peeling, it significantly increases PM10 concentration. Under the rolling friction of the tire-road contact, the quality loss of asphalt concrete follows an exponential decay curve with an R2 of 0.99. Road (asphalt concrete pavement) wear per square meter of tire-road contact was 5.32×10^−4 g and 2.13×10^−4 g (before and after asphalt film peeling). It is hoped that this study will contribute to the field of tire-road wear, including non-exhaust emissions, and provide methods and theoretical support for mitigating re-suspension dust.

Assessment of Environmental Risks during the Implementation of Infrastructure Projects in the Arctic Region

The Arctic Zone of Russia (AZR), due to its significant potential, for the implementation of which infrastructure projects and strategic plans are envisaged, is of great importance for the country. Particular attention is paid to the transport and related infrastructure development. The implementation of such projects requires the creation and implementation of modern integrated solutions based on new technical and technological solutions. The development of new territories is accompanied by problems such as urbanization and the disruption of ecosystems, which will have a particularly negative impact on the Arctic zone. The situation is complicated by the fact that the work must be carried out in difficult conditions, which are associated with a large number of risks, including environmental ones. Currently, many types of businesses are characterized by a transition to the implementation of the concepts of green and blue economy, as well as ESG principles when building strategic development plans that include risk reduction. Achieving this goal is possible through an environmental risk management system. To create a suchlike system, it is necessary to identify the most significant risk characteristics of each type of activity, taking into account their negative impact on the environment, after which it will be possible to plan measures to either prevent risks or minimize their consequences. Taking into account the above, we plan to develop the concept of an environmental risk management system (ERMS) as part of the region’s development strategy implementation. To reach this purpose, identifying the main groups of environmental risks depending on the danger source based on the scientific article review results, systematizing concepts aimed at improving the environmental situation under different types of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, developing an algorithm for implementing an environmental risk management system depending on the risk type, and proposing a concept for building an environmental risk management system are needed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the main directions of negative anthropogenic impact on the environment are systematized, and possible ways to reduce environmental risks are outlined. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that when implementing such a system, it will be possible to manage not only risks of a certain category, but also monitor the situation as a whole, identifying the consequences for related areas.

Evaluation of the Perception and Adoption of Environmental Management System in Small and Medium Enterprises in the Manufacturing Sector in Lagos and Ogun States, Southwestern Nigeria

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the perception and adoption of environmental management system in small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing sector in Lagos and Ogun States, Southwestern Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. The paper posits that environmental management literacy and advocacy should be carried out in SMEs. Environmental management practices involve engaging both industries and product end-users in sustainable practices. The paper concludes that the implementation of environmental management practices and culture by SMEs will abate environmental pollution and its concomitant health risks to humans, the environment, flora, and fauna. Mandatory and voluntary environmental measures 3 are suggested as a means of engendering eco-friendly innovation for sustainable development, triggering employment, job security, and gross domestic product.

Impact of voluntary environmental regulation on green innovation from the perspective of enterprise life cycle: evidence from China

From the perspective of enterprise life cycle, the impact of voluntary environmental regulation on enterprise green innovation was examined in this study based on the data of manufacturing enterprises listed on China’s A-share market from 2012 to 2021. The results indicate that: (1) voluntary environmental regulation has a significant positive impact on enterprise green innovation as a whole. (2) Among all stages of enterprise life cycle, voluntary environmental regulation has a significant impact on enterprise green innovation in the growth and maturity stages, but has a relatively small impact on enterprise green innovation in the formation and decline stages. (3) The results of a segmented sample study on this basis show that voluntary environmental regulation has heterogeneity in property rights and factor density in promoting enterprise green innovation. It significantly promotes green innovation by state-owned enterprises in the maturity stage, green innovation by non-state-owned enterprises in the maturity and decline stages, and green innovation by capital and technology intensive manufacturing enterprises, but have no significant impact on other types of enterprises. These research conclusions are expected to provide decision-making reference for improving the voluntary environmental regulation system and promoting the level of enterprise green innovation.

Decision support for United States—Canada energy integration is impaired by fragmentary environmental and electricity system modeling capacity

Abstract The renewable energy transition is leading to increased electricity trade between the United States and Canada, with Canadian hydropower providing firm lower-carbon power and buffering variability of wind and solar generation in the U.S. However, long-term power purchase agreements and transborder transmission projects are controversial, with two of four proposed transmission lines between Quebec, Canada and the northeast U.S. cancelled since 2018. Here, we argue that controversies are exacerbated by a lack of open-source data and tools to understand tradeoffs of new hydropower generation and transmission infrastructure in comparison to alternatives. This gap includes impacts that incremental transmission and generation projects have on the economics of the entire system, for example, how new transmission projects affect exports to existing markets or incentivize new generation. We identify priority areas for data synthesis and model development, such as integrating linked hydropower and hydrologic interactions in energy system models and openly releasing (by utilities) or back-calculating (by researchers) hydropower generation and operational parameters. Publicly available environmental (e.g. streamflow, precipitation) and techno-economic (e.g. costs, reservoir size,) data can be used to parameterize freely usable and extensible models. Existing models have been calibrated with operational data from Canadian utilities that are not publicly available, limiting the range of scientific and commercial questions these tools have been used to answer and the range of parties that have been involved. Studies conducted using highly resolved, national-scale public data exist in other countries, notably, the United States, and demonstrate how greater transparency and extensibility can drive industry action. Improved data availability in Canada could facilitate approaches that (1) increase participation in decarbonization planning by a broader range of actors; (2) allow independent characterizations of environmental, health, and economic outcomes of interest to the public; and (3) identify decarbonization pathways consistent with community values.

3D Mapping In Construction Projects for Soil Characterizations And EIA Enhancement

With the advancement on automation systems in our life and construction projects the development of automated Environmental Impact assessment EIA system is desirable. This could be achieved by set of integrated technologies, software, and hardware to perform a task which is in this research paper is Quality EIA. The environmental impact assessment must be improved, assessed, and quality checked for the human and the environment health and safety benefit first, and the advancement of human activities and needs towards the future. If we consider the development and construction projects is one of the markers and the signature of how far is countries and human civilized or advanced, the EIA quality review and development of this document in any project should be improved and advanced. Ideally EIA system, document, will lead to quickly and easily obtain information, improve project value, and return of investment, improving facilities and reach the optimum clients and government requirements. This often necessitates to build a tailored applications sometime combine or develop innovative, and integrate, new, existing hardware, software, methods, and technologies to reach that aim. Which is the research methodology of this research paper This research paper concluded that 3D mapping for soil characterizations a technology where spatial interpolation methods play a significant part as a backbone of its core in relation to the accuracy of the data which will provides essential elements towards site characterization information, that need to be informed in to the EIA in structure and elegant way to improve decision making, planning strategies, environmental management, risk assessment, more than those projects estimations. This research paper adopts a multi-method approach involving reviewing the literature, case studies, and computer simulation.

Corporate environmental behavior toward sustainable development: Motivations, benefits, and challenges of ISO 14001 adoption at Japanese subsidiaries in Thailand

AbstractSince the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, ISO 14001 has become an internationally recognized environmental management system that has spread all over the world. The existing literature has examined in detail the motivations, benefits, and challenges of ISO 14001 adoption in developed countries. However, there is a relative lack of studies on the adoption of ISO 14001 by the subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs) in developing countries, and in Thailand in particular. This paper investigates the motivations, benefits, and challenges of ISO 14001 adoption at Japanese subsidiaries in Thailand based on the results of a questionnaire survey of 100 subsidiaries and a semi‐structured interview survey of 11 subsidiaries. We find that the main motivations are pressures by the national and local governments, as well as by the customers. In addition to the tax incentives, the main benefits are gaining competitiveness, enhancing the corporate image, and maintaining efficient management. We also identify the following challenges: the costs of ISO 14001 adoption, and the training and awareness of the employees. Compared with the existing literature, we find some new motivations, benefits, and challenges related to the local context of ISO 14001 adoption. Although our results are valid only for the Japanese subsidiaries in Thailand, the in‐depth understanding of the motivations, benefits, and challenges of ISO 14001 adoption may contribute to the expanding literature about corporate environmental behavior toward sustainable development.

CO2 Reduction in Integrated Environmental Management System for NDC(Nationally Determined Contribution)

CO2 Reduction in Integrated Environmental Management System for NDC(Nationally Determined Contribution)

Ocean windspeeds forecast by Gaidai multivariate risk assessment method, utilizing deconvolution scheme

The current work presents spatiotemporal analysis of areal windspeeds, using state-of-the-art Gaidai multivariate hazards evaluation approach. Environmental dynamic systems being challenging to forecast using existing reliability methods due to their high dimensionality and intricate nonlinear cross-correlations between different environmental system essential dimensions or components. Developing novel multivariate reliability methods for dynamic environmental systems may assist contemporary research on the global climate change effects. Multivariate Gaidai risks evaluation approach is especially well-suited for multi-dimensional structural and environmental dynamic systems, that have been monitored physically or numerically simulated across a representative time-lapse. The current study made use of raw in-situ windspeed data, collected by NOAA (i.e., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) buoys near the Hawaiian Islands in the North Pacific. Resilient island communities/infrastructure can be designed, using advocated multivariate risk/hazard assessment methodology, particularly those that are close to the ocean and hence subject to extreme weather.As was demonstrated in this study, even given limited underlying dataset, it is feasible to conservatively estimate environmental system’s hazard risks. Novel non-parametric deconvolution extrapolation scheme has been utilized to accurately assess hazard risks.

Multidisciplinary Reliability Design Optimization Modeling Based on SysML

Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) supports the system-level design of complex products effectively. Currently, system design and optimization for complex products are two distinct processes that must be executed using different software or platforms, involving intricate data conversion processes. Applying multidisciplinary optimization to validate system optimization often necessitates remodeling the optimization objects, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and highly error-prone. A critical activity in systems engineering is identifying the optimal design solution for the entire system. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) and reliability analysis are essential methods for achieving this. This paper proposes a SysML-based multidisciplinary reliability design optimization modeling method. First, by analyzing the definitions and mathematical models of multidisciplinary reliability design optimization, the SysML extension mechanism is employed to represent the optimization model based on SysML. Next, model transformation techniques are used to convert the SysML optimization model generated in the first stage into an XML description model readable by optimization solvers. Finally, the proposed method’s effectiveness is validated through an engineering case study of an in-vehicle environmental control integration system. The results demonstrate that this method fully utilizes SysML to express MDO problems, enhancing the efficiency of design optimization for complex systems. Engineers and system designers working on complex, multidisciplinary projects can particularly benefit from these advancements, as they simplify the integration of design and optimization processes, facilitating more reliable and efficient product development.

Empowering air quality prediction through "AI + big data technology" in the perspective of environmental lawA quasi-natural experiment analysis based on the "national big data comprehensive experimental zone" pilot program

The current environmental legal system primarily focuses on environmental pollution and ecological damage, yet it does not adequately address climate change as an environmental risk issue. Consequently, environmental law struggles to directly respond to air pollution and climate change. Due to the complexity of air pollution regulation, there is a need for legal frameworks that extend beyond conventional environmental pollution controls. The advent of "AI + Big Data" has provided new momentum and opportunities for predicting and improving air quality. This paper, viewed through the lens of environmental law and based on the policy of the National Big Data Comprehensive Experimental Zone, combined with the Difference-in-Differences (DID) model, outlines the impact mechanisms of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in empowering air quality prediction and improvement. It also explores the path choices for achieving the objectives of accuracy and effectiveness in air quality prediction from the perspective of environmental law.

Heat and Mass Transfer Study of a High-Pressure Membrane Dehumidifier Under Non-Isothermal and Humid Sweep Psychrometric Conditions

Abstract High-pressure membrane dehumidification is of interest for aircraft environmental control system applications. Typically, membrane dehumidifier modules are characterized by manufacturers over a range of mass flow rates, temperatures, and pressures at saturation conditions. However, to evaluate the suitability of high-pressure membrane dehumidification for aircraft applications, the performance must be characterized over the broader range of psychometric conditions that could be encountered. Moreover, the practical integration of a membrane dehumidifier into an environmental control system necessitates reconsideration of the traditional product sweep approach, where some of the dry air produced is removed and supplied to the other side of the membrane to enhance mass transfer. In an environmental control system, using product sweep would require excessive bleed air from the engine and cause unbalanced flow in the turbomachinery. To avoid this, alternate sources of sweep must be considered and their effects on dehumidification must be evaluated. This work conducts an experimental investigation of a membrane dehumidifier module using product sweep under a range of psychometric conditions, then compares product and humid sweep modes to understand the effects of sweep conditions on dehumidification performance. Concurrently, a numerical model of a membrane dehumidifier is implemented and validated - first against the module specification sheet, then against the empirical results that represent moderate altitude aircraft conditions. Ultimately, the feasibility of a hot and humid sweep source to maintain sufficient dehumidification performance under realistic altitude conditions is demonstrated.

Data Industry Green Development Promoted by Public Policy and Law in China

It is difficult to fully match the current green development initiatives in the context of public policy and industrial economy to the new infrastructure process driven by massive data. Its connotation and extension and the level of the rule of law need to be deepened to ensure that data production, processing, circulation, elimination, and other activities can achieve high-quality and sustainable development within the collaborative construction of hard facilities and the soft environment in the new era. Based on the practical needs of data industry green development in key areas, we can resolve the legal risk of data industry green development from three aspects: improving the legal level of green public policy, clarifying the green legal benchmark of data industry development, and improving the green legal system of digital society. Then, this paper considers the design of an environmental protection system based on hardware facilities and the structural and readable clean data system innovation of the soft data industry development framework mode so as to clarify the legalization scheme of data industry green development under the new infrastructure. Overall, achieving the green development of the data industry requires not only active attempts by China but also joint efforts by China and other countries.

Environmental Monitoring Data Management and Analysis Based on 5G IoT

As environmental issues become increasingly severe, environmental monitoring has become a crucial measure for protecting and managing ecosystems. The high speed, low latency, and massive connectivity characteristics of 5G technology, combined with the widespread application of IoT technology, provide new solutions for environmental monitoring data management and analysis. This study explores the methods of environmental monitoring data management and analysis based on 5G IoT technology, designs a systematic environmental monitoring framework, and verifies its effectiveness through empirical research. The results show that the environmental monitoring system based on 5G IoT can efficiently, real-time, and reliably collect and analyze environmental data, providing strong support for environmental protection and management.

A Low-power Environmental Supervision System Suitable for Livestock and Poultry Breeding

This paper is a kind of low power consumption environment suitable for livestock and poultry breeding regulation system, the system consists of livestock breeding related sensors, actuators, control equipment, LoRa gateway and control web parts, when the environment, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide harmful gas concentration over the threshold will alarm and the system will take corresponding measures to ensure the production efficiency of animal husbandry and food safety, and reduce the incidence of livestock and poultry disease and environmental pollution.

Change in community behaviour in supporting sustainable development: The case of the biogas program in Ponorogo Regency

The change in community occupation to dairy farmers and the increase in the number of livestock have caused environmental problems. This research focuses on the program’s function on changing the behaviour of the community in disposing of dairy cow manure from the phase of throwing it into the ditch to the phase of processing the manure into the biogas. This research was conducted using qualitative methods, with data collection techniques carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation and literature review. The biogas problem launched by the government has proven to be able to change communities behaviour in the disposal of dairy cows manure. After receiving the biogas program, the community processed the cow dung into biogas. Interestingly, the factor that contributed the most to this behavioural change is economic. This shows that the social, environmental, and economic system have related functions and cannot be separated from each other in society. There is not much research on community behaviour change that is affected by environmental sanitation and motivated by economic factors. This study also alludes to the potential for corruption in the program. This study concludes that the biogas program is able to provide opportunities for the community to save on purchasing household fuel and minimize the waste of dairy cow waste into rivers. Apart from that, the biogas program could be a consideration for the government in creating new programs related to environmental sanitation, especially in the rural livestock industry.

Environmental and legal aspects of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine

The article examines the environmental and legal aspects of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The problems of bringing the aggressor state to responsibility for ecocide are analyzed. Having found a legislative enshrinement in the national criminal law (Article 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), ecocide has not been enshrined in international criminal law. It is not recognized as a crime either in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court or in any other international legal act. As of today, Russian crimes against the environment can be investigated by the International Criminal Court as war crimes. The author of the article supports the proposal regarding the need to include the crime of ecocide in the Rome Statute. The ecological and legal aspect of the formation of an international compensation mechanism is studied, the components of which are: 1) an international register of damages; 2) compensation commission (which will consider individual applications for compensation by the Russian Federation for losses from citizens, companies and the state); 3) compensation fund (which will accumulate funds to pay commission decisions, including at the expense of confiscated Russian assets). The mechanism of compensation for environmental damage caused as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is analyzed, and ways of its optimization are proposed. The future compensation mechanism should be based on the «ecosystem services approach», which will significantly increase the amount of environmental damage that the Russian Federation will pay to Ukraine. The international practice of compensation for environmental damage caused by the aggressor as a result of military actions and temporary occupation was studied and analyzed. The author emphasized the need to reform the state environmental monitoring system. Without reliable monitoring data, it is difficult to prove a causal relationship between the illegal actions of the aggressor state and the damage caused to the environment.

Green environmental management system and environmental performance: Results from PLS-SEM and fsQCA

Advanced green technology developments have induced key innovation approaches in the manufacturing industry to boost sustainable development (SD) in the present market. Despite the industrial need for green innovation and its associated benefits to regulate and optimise their operations and environmental performance, respectively, green innovation implementation and adoption remain inadequate. Due to the key significance of green innovation for firms operating in emerging markets, this research endeavors to investigate the green innovation influence on the relationship between Environmental Management System adoption and impact on Environmental Performance. To bridge this gap, The current work aimed structuring and validating a study model via the integration of Resource-Based View (RBV) and Institutional theories with the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework to persuade companies towards green innovation implementation. Survey questionnaires were disseminated to 183 employees in a manufacturing company to collect the study data, which were then assessed with partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). Resultantly, the model's integrated constructs of perceived benefits, top management support, coercive pressure, normative pressure, and mimetic pressure predicted green management accounting practices. Green management accounting practices directly and significantly impacted green environmental performance, while green innovation significantly and negatively moderated the ‘green management accounting practice-green environmental performance’ link. Thus, the integrated model provides decision-makers with clear implications of green practice and innovative technology adoption for optimal environmental performance. The outcomes derived from literature reviews on advanced green technologies implied a notable ‘green management accounting practice-environmental performance’ relationship within emerging countries.

Characteristics of the Evolution of Resource and Environmental Carrying Capacity in Shaanxi Province

This paper constructs a resource and environmental carrying capacity index system based on the DPSIR model, and adopts the entropy weight TOPSIS method to analyze the resource and environmental carrying capacity of Shaanxi Province in terms of time series and spatial distribution. The results show that from 2010 to 2020, the resource environmental carrying capacity of Shaanxi Province in general shows a fluctuating upward trend, and on the whole there is a small decrease in 2017 compared with 2016 and 2020 compared with 2019, and an increase in 2019 compared with 2018; in terms of the characterization value of the resource environmental carrying capacity of each city, Yan'an City is in the first place for a long period of time, and it is stable in the top three with Yulin and Xi'an; each The resource environmental carrying capacity of each city shows a gradual convergence state, indicating that the difference between their carrying capacity gradually decreases. Finally, this paper makes corresponding suggestions for the improvement of the resource and environmental carrying capacity of Shaanxi Province from five aspects: economic development, low-carbon development, resource and environmental load reduction, population growth, and environmental infrastructure construction.