Environmental System Research Articles

Hybrid Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic‐Electric Field Energy Harvester for Simultaneous Wind and Electric Field Energy Capture in High‐Voltage Transmission System

AbstractWith the development of smart grids, efficient condition monitoring of high voltage transmission system has become crucial, necessitating reliable power supplies for distributed sensors. Traditional energy harvesters often focus on either internal or external sources, limiting overall efficiency. This study introduces a triboelectric‐electromagnetic‐electric field hybrid energy harvester (TEE‐HEH) that synergistically integrates triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), electromagnetic generators (EMGs), and electric field energy harvesters (EEHs) to simultaneously capture electric field and wind energy. Electric field energy is harvested via displacement currents between transmission lines and the ground, while TENGs and EMGs efficiently capture low‐ and high‐speed wind energy, respectively, enabling broadband harvesting (2.3–10 m s−1). The synergistic combination of TENG, EMG, and EEH within the TEE‐HEH leads to significantly enhanced energy capture efficiency from multiple sources. At a wind speed of 5 m s−1, a transmission line voltage of 25 kV, and a distance of 1.5 m, the TEE‐HEH achieved peak power outputs of 18.5 mW (TENG), 262 mW (EMG), and 1.85 mW (EEH), demonstrating enhanced energy collection efficiency. An environmental monitoring system has been powered, demonstrating the TEE‐HEH's practicality for dual‐source energy harvesting in smart grid applications.

The impact of female board membership and firm performance on the environmental management system

This paper examines the effect of gender diversity on the Environmental Management Systems (EMS) measured as ISO 14001 adoption among Saudi-listed companies. In this study, we propose that female board members significantly influence EMS adoption by employing agency theory, stakeholder theory and resource dependency theory to predict the relationship. The final sample of this study consists of 44 firm-year observations for non-financial companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange with ISO 14001 certification from 2016 to 2019. The logistic regression results show that higher representation of women on boards is associated with more extensive use of EMS indicating the importance of gender diversity in enhancing corporate environmental responsibility. Moreover, companies with better financial performance are less likely to adopt comprehensive ecological management practices. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by revealing how board diversity is related to financial performance and environment management systems among firms operating in emerging markets. These findings have policy implications for policymakers, business leaders and researchers engaged in sustainable development initiatives to enhance governance mechanisms.

A promising platform for the rapid and sensitive sensing of mercury ion and its applications in biological and environmental system

Mercury ion (Hg2+) is one of harmful heavy metal ions that can accumulate inside the human organism and cause some health problems. Herein, a novel NBD derivative, 1-(2-((7-nitrobenzo[c] [1,2,5] oxadiazol-4-yl) amino) ethyl)-3-phenylthiourea (NBD-SCN), has been reasonably designed, which was simply synthesized by introducing NBD moiety as the fluorophore, phenyl-isothionitrate as the reaction site and ethylenediamine as a linker group, resulting in intense fluorescence emission with high fluorescence quantum yields. Intriguingly, probe NBD-SCN provides a dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescence response pattern for the sensing of mercury ion with great limit of detections (3.6 nM) and rapid response time (4 s). The strong combination of mercury ions and sulfur atoms leads to intramolecular cyclization, causing the color of probe solution changed from orange to pale yellow as well as a complete vanishing of fluorescence intensity. The proposed reaction mechanism was verified by fluorescence and UV titration, 1H NMR, FTIR, HRMS analyses and DFT studies. Motivated by an impressive chromatic variation, test strip sensing platform are facilely constructed for real-time and on-site measurement of Hg2+ levels. Furthermore, confocal imaging experiments verify that this probe can be used for monitoring mercury ion in living mung bean sprouts and in biological systems in real time.

How to measure the impact of landsenses ecology on sustainable development? A review of people-oriented emerging approaches

At present, the research of sustainable development is developing from a single local problem to a multi-scale, transdisciplinary and comprehensive study. The evaluation and monitoring of its progress need to adopt multi-disciplinary research methods and multi-dimensional, multi-scale identification mechanism. Landsenses ecology is an emerging scientific system that uses the basic principles of ecology to study the sustainable development of land-use planning, construction, and management from the aspects of natural elements, physical senses, psychological perceptions, social economy, process and risk. It provides an effective way for the multi-disciplinary integration research of the relationship between human and ecosystem, and provides an important method and theory for the sustainable transformation research of environmental system and social–economic system, and plays an important role in guiding and realizing the beneficial impact of human on natural ecosystem. This study describes 57 articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2016 and 2024, using qualitative content analysis, and discusses the impact of landsenses ecology on the way sustainable development is perceived and practiced. The results suggest that the role of landsenses ecology in the creation of sustainable vision resonance and behavior is crucial to the study of sustainable transformation and will help to explore effective strategies for using intrinsic sustainable transformation as a deep leverage point.

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A MULTI-CHAMBER ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM

Growth chambers are control devices used in plant research. However, their high costs limit their application to a single environment, which compromises their efficiency for the generation of experimental data. The objective of this research was to design, construct, and assess the performance of a multi-chamber environmental control system capable of regulating both air temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH). The evaluation was carried out using Syngonium podophyllum Schott plants. Three constant target temperature values (18, 23, and 40 °C) were established, together with a target RH value of 60 %. AT and RH data were recorded every 4 min for three days. The system was built with 15 growth chambers and the following devices: output (AT, RH, and lighting control), input (sensors), and central control managed by two Arduino® Mega 2560 based microcontrollers, plus a programmable logic controller. Programming was done in open-source languages such as Arduino® and Python®. Results indicate that the absolute error (AE) and standard deviation (SD) in AT were higher when the target temperature was lower (AE = 0.59 °C and SD = 0.93 °C) compared to the other higher target temperatures (AE = 0.31 °C and SD = 0.43 °C at 23 °C, and AE = 0.25 °C and SD = 0.51 °C at 40 °C). On the other hand, the AE in RH increased as temperature increased, going from AE = 3.75 % and SD = 5.12 % at 18 °C, to AE = 9.23 % and SD = 10.77 % at 40 °C. The use of open-source technologies allowed the construction of a multi-chamber environmental control system capable of replicating controlled environments.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ РОЗШИРЕНОГО СКЛАДУ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕНЬ НА ВОДНО-БАЛАНСОВИХ СТАНЦІЯХ ТА ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКИХ ГІДРОГЕОФІЗИЧНИХ ПОЛІГОНАХ

The current level of understanding of the subordination and multifactorial dependence of the determining processes in the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere of the Earth requires a corresponding reorganization of the basic system of environmental monitoring, improvement and expansion of research on water these stations, which can become the supporting 'nodes' of the balance of this system. The appearance of fundamentally new theoretical developments, modern devices and equipment, a large number of software tools, etc., prompts a significant reorganization and strengthening of the environmental monitoring system. The article substantiates an additional set of studies, which should be included in the regulation of observations at already existing water balance stations, with their mandatory modernization. Spheres are subject to control - the atmosphere, surface and underground (subsurface) hydrospheres, which change over time at different rates and pedosphere. A certain inertia of hydrogeological processes implies the possibility of using meteorological indicators, which can be used to predict changes in the moisture regime in the aeration zone and shallow groundwater in the near future; based on the reliably predictable changes of the latter - to forecast changes in interlayer groundwater resources, etc. It is proposed to include in the monitoring regulations the following indicators of the state of the environment, which will allow to identify and analyze the causes of changes in the water situation, balance and resources, to determine the mechanisms of moisture transfer and accumulation, as well as to build models and perform predictive assessments. The results of comprehensive research at the «Lutiz» landfill demonstrate significant variability of hydrogeophysical indicators and changes in the intensity of natural signals depending on the landscape timing, the latest tectonics, the geological basis and the composition of the overlying sediments. Original devices are presented, which are used to determine indicators of electric and thermal fields, the ratio of positive and negative air ions, etc.

РАДІАЦІЙНИЙ СТАН ЗОНИ ВІДЧУЖЕННЯ В 2023 РОЦІ ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ РАДІАЦІЙНО-ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ

The article presents results of radiation and environmental monitoring in the Exclusion Zone for the year 2023, after de-occupation of the territory, which was carried out in accordance with the current regulation of work, with the exception of objects on which it is temporarily impossible to carry out work due to the lack of safe access. In 2022, due to the full-scale invasion of russian federation, radiation monitoring of the environment was interrupted, monitoring of radiation-hazardous objects and environmental components of the Exclusion Zone was not carried out. Implementation of priority measures to restore the radiation and environmental monitoring system in the Exclusion Zone, after occupation by russian troops, made it possible to resume the work of the automated radiation monitoring system points, to create an additional network of measurement of gamma radiation indicators in the Exclusion Zone, to restore work of the central analytical laboratory and to restore the work of aspiration units. Thus, the enterprise resumed obtaining the necessary data on the dose rate of gamma radiation, information on the radiation state of the surface layer of the atmosphere, radiation state of surface and underground waters, radiation state of landscapes and places of residence of self-settlers. According to the results of radiation and environmental monitoring in the Exclusion Zone in 2023, important analytical data were obtained: - Maximum power values of the ambient dose equivalent of gamma radiation are characteristic of the territories in the northern and western 'traces' of radioactive fallout; - Radiation state of the Exclusion Zone air environment and its dynamics during 2023 were determined by the nature of surface contamination of the territory, man-made and biological factors, as well as meteorological conditions. Control levels exceeding by 2.5 times of 137Cs volumetric activity in the air was recorded in Chornobyl; - Surface waters remain an important route of radionuclide removal beyond the Exclusion Zone. Removal of 90Sr from Pripyat River in the area of Chornobyl in 2023 was at a level that was 2.4 times higher than the average value for the last 5 years; - As a result of observations of the radiation state of underground waters, it was determined that the average value of radionuclide contamination of eocene and cenomanian-lower cretaceous water-bearing complexes does not exceed 1 Bq/m3 for 137Cs and 5.7 Bq/m3 for 90Sr; - Monitoring results at landscape landfills indicate that the most contaminated component of the environment is the top layer of soil cover; - Radiation survey results of unauthorized residence places of the population in the Exclusion Zone showed that over the years there is an increase in the intake of 90Sr in the food products of 'self-settlers'.

Uncovering the Multibiome Environmental and Earth System Legacies of Past Human Societies

It has been argued that we have now entered the Anthropocene, a proposed epoch in which humans are having a dominant impact on the Earth system. While some geologists have sought to formalize the Anthropocene as beginning in the mid-twentieth century, its social, geophysical, and environmental roots undoubtedly lie deeper in the past. In this review, we highlight the ways in which human activities across the major biomes of our planet significantly altered parts of the Earth system prior to the Industrial Age. We demonstrate ways in which novel, multidisciplinary approaches can provide detailed insights into long-term human–environment–Earth system interactions. We argue that there is clear evidence for lasting Earth system legacies of pre-Industrial human societies and that archaeology, paleoecology, and historical ecology can provide important, practical insights to help navigate current and future relationships with the planet in more equitable and sustainable ways.

Innovations for Holistic and Sustainable Transitions

Energy system planning has evolved from a narrow focus on engineering and supply works towards addressing more complex, multifactorial challenges. Increasingly challenged by climate change, extreme events, economic shocks, and altered supply demand patterns, the analysis of energy systems requires holistic approaches based on data-driven models, taking into account key socio-economic factors. We draw insights from reviewing the literature, indicating the need to cover the following major gaps: the shift to transdisciplinary approaches, incorporating environmental system analysis; resilient and sustainable energy designs based on flexible portfolios of renewable mixes; the integration of socio-economic aspects, economic analyses and behavioural models to ensure energy systems are not only technically sound but socially acceptable and viable; the need for stakeholder engagement considering the human angle in energy security and behavioural shifts. Responding to these pressing challenges and emerging needs, the Global Climate Hub (GCH) initiative, operating under the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, offers a conceptual framework, leveraging transdisciplinary approaches. In this Concept Paper, we present for the first time the idea of the GCH as a framework that we believe has the potential to address the modern holistic needs for energy system analysis and policymaking. By setting the conceptual/theoretical ground of our suggested approach, we aim to provide guidance for innovative combinations of cutting-edge models, socio-economic narratives, and inclusive interaction with relevant stakeholders for the development and the long-term implementation of sustainable pathways.

The Distribution of Burden of Proof in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

Environmental problems, in the current society, have attracted the attention and attention of the society and the public. Relevant laws are applied under the research of legislators and the reference of foreign legal experience. With the development of environmental civil public interest litigation, a series of problems have gradually emerged with judicial practice, and the allocation of the burden of proof is somewhat unreasonable. Through to our country and outside the environment of civil public interest litigation laws and regulations, understand the environment of the characteristics of the burden of proof and analysis its can perfect, points out that should distinguish the application of public welfare and private benefit, refining the causal relationship responsibility distribution, improve the system of proof obstruction, environmental damage appraisal system and environmental information disclosure system and other related measures.

ISO 14001 and corporate financial performance: A Systematic Literature Review

AbstractThe impact of the certification on financial performance is still a debated issue. While a number of research studies have highlighted the importance of the environmental management system in achieving environmental performance, there is a theoretical gap concerning the way in which the environmental management system affects the financial performance of companies. This paper aims to fill the identified gap on how ISO 14001 adoption affects companies' financial performance, and the moderating factors likely to influence this link. To address the research question, a systematic literature review was carried out over the last decade of the main studies on this issue published in peer‐reviewed journals between 2004 and 2024. The analysis of the 57 articles in our sample provides a comprehensive picture of the impact of ISO 14001 on financial performance. The results of this research highlight the factors that influence the relationship between financial performance and ISO 14001 certification and suggest that endogenous and exogenous factors should be taken into account in order to understand this complex link.

A Bayesian regularization radial basis neural network novel procedure for the fractional economic and environmental system

The motive of current work is to design a novel radial basis Bayesian regularization neural network (RB-BRNN) for solving the nonlinear fractional economic and environmental system (FEES). A radial basis activation function in the hidden layers is applied by taking 20 numbers of neurons. The mathematical FEES is presented in three classes, named as cost of control accomplishment, manufacturing elements competence and technical exclusion’s diagnostics cost. A reference dataset is obtained using the Adams numerical results to reduce the mean square error (MSE) by taking the data for training 70%, while 15% is used for both testing and validation. The negligible absolute error values and comparison of the solutions develop the worth of computing RB-BRNN in order to solve the nonlinear dynamics of the FEES. Error diagrams, regression values, and the MSE performances are implemented to assess the precision of the designed solver.

Особенности построения системы экологического менеджмента организации с учетом вновь введенных национальных стандартов ГОСТ Р ИСО 14006—2022 и ГОСТ Р МЭК 62430—2023

The information on legislative documents of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of companies in the sphere of environmental management, considering environmental standards in design, has been provided. The relevance and feasibility of application of the system-structural process approach at the stage of development and implementation of the environmental management system, considering the environmental standards in design based on the standards GOST R ISO 14006—2022 and GOST R IEC 62430—2023, have been substantiated. The use of the process approach to the environmental management system development considering environmental standards in design based on the systems approach using the well-known PDCA principle has been methodologically substantiated; the basic issues of its applicability have been considered. A matrix of processes and subprocesses is compiled in accordance with the sections of GOST R ISO 14006 and the process typology as provided by ISO/TC 176/SC 2/N 544R3 (company’s management processes; processes of measurement, analysis, and improvement; key processes of resource management); the processes are ranked by their level. A model of the environmental management system has been developed considering environmental standards in design based on the process approach, Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT), and IDEF0 functional modeling methodology. The main context diagram of the environmental management system considering environmental standards in design in IDEF0 notation is developed. The decomposition of processes and subprocesses of the second and third levels has been completed; all their functional connections are described. The provided process modeling methodology allows reaching positive effect as to minimization of costs and time of the development of the environmental management system model, considering environmental standards in design. It has been demonstrated that the process approach applied to design of the system model of environmental management system considering environmental standards in design enables structuring the composition of processes, precise determining of input and output parameters of processes, participants of processes, resources, and ensuring process control and adjustment.

An IoT Based Real-Time Environmental Monitoring System for Developing Areas

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have raised concerns about environmental quality and sustainability in recent years. The Internet of Things (IoT) has played an important role in monitoring physical phenomena by generating data that can be sent and preserved in the cloud. This work explores an IoT-based environmental monitoring system's potential, using an Arduino-based device for real-time tracking of environmental parameters including sound levels, humidity, dust concentration, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). Real-time data are collected from various semi-residential and marketplace locations named in Pach raster More, Tomaltola, DowamoyiMore, Fojdarimore, and station road in Jamalpur district of Mymensingh Division, Bangladesh on non-holiday days, providing a representative snapshot of typical environmental conditions. The collected data is stored in a cloud server named firebase database. The implemented monitoring system offers several key features including accuracy and reliability, real-time monitoring data analytics alerts and notifications historical data as well as it can lead to various benefits and impacts of Improved Air and Water Quality Healthier Urban Environment (IAWUE) to enable local authorities and individuals to make educated decisions for a healthier and more sustainable urban environment. Graphical representations of the data revealed distinct patterns and trends, offering valuable insights into air quality variations across different areas. Interestingly, the results showed sound levels slightly below the standard range, indicating a relative control of noise pollution in the sampled areas. The findings of the work will serve as a vital resource for further research and guide policy-making for environmental improvement and sustainable practices in urban settings.

Deep-learning-assisted self-powered wireless environmental monitoring system based on triboelectric nanogenerators with multiple sensing capabilities

Deep-learning-assisted self-powered wireless environmental monitoring system based on triboelectric nanogenerators with multiple sensing capabilities

Water and Carbon Neutral Buildings: systemic approaches and hybrid strategies

Abstract In order to achieve a real green transition in the design, construction and use of the built environment, especially in contemporary urban contexts, it is necessary to assess the water saving benefits combined with binding energy efficiency and climate neutrality targets in a holistic manner. This approach cannot focus on stand-alone requirements. Special emphasis is placed on technological solutions that transform energy and water consumption from negative to positive at all stages of the life cycle, including construction and operation. The aim is not just to reduce expenditure, but to increase the effectiveness of the savings through an effective and cyclical approach over the long term. This paper presents the results of a research project that develops a set of integrated indicators in accordance with the Itaca Protocol standard, UNI/PdR Practice 13.0:2019, with the introduction of elements from the Level(s). The environmental indicator system is designed to simultaneously assess the requirements of water-neutral and carbon-neutral construction, in line with EU recommendations C/2021/2279 and C/2021/9332. The hybrid water-energy strategies used in the application of this system are evaluated in terms of their potential to achieve the aforementioned goals. This approach, illustrated by best practice examples, aims to provide a holistic assessment of the environmental performance of integrated buildings in contemporary urban contexts, taking into account both water efficiency and carbon reduction. The objective is to guide the technological design and construction of sustainable buildings, promoting a synergetic approach to water and carbon footprint management, starting from the case study of a building in Palermo.

Research on spacecraft environment control and astronaut health evaluation based on Modelica

Abstract The environmental control system of a manned spacecraft plays a pivotal role in maintaining the internal environment and temperature control, and it constitutes a fundamental component of the spacecraft. In this study, a Modelica-based model for the environmental control and health assessment of astronauts was examined with the objective of analysing the impact of the internal environment of the spacecraft on human physiological changes. The model employs multi-domain simulation techniques, integrating thermodynamic and hydrodynamic models to describe airflow and temperature changes, while incorporating human physiology models to capture the body’s response to these environmental changes. In particular, thermodynamic models are employed to calculate the transfer and distribution of heat within the cabin air, while hydrodynamic models are utilised to simulate airflow and pressure changes, which subsequently influence the breathing patterns and thermoregulatory mechanisms of the astronauts. The human physiology models include simulations of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems. The coupling of these models enables the accurate prediction of the physiological state of astronauts under various environmental conditions. By modifying the environmental control parameters within the model, including air flow rate, temperature set point, and humidity level, the impact of disparate environmental control strategies can be evaluated. This method has the potential to be employed in the prediction of the health status of astronauts during various flight phases.

Экологизация жизнедеятельности как системный элемент экологического управления

The greening of life is a modern stage of socio-economic and social development of society. The sustainable development of the economy, technology and technology have a negative impact on the environment and lead to the gradual depletion of natural resources. The development of environmental ideas among the population of the country, the restoration of natural objects, the preservation of the natural environment, the conduct of human economic activity taking into account respect for nature – all this is the greening of life, and environmental management is aimed at the ecological reorientation of business processes and social education of a person. The article presents the theoretical and practical aspects of the greening of life in the modern economy, a regional assessment of the environmental management sys-tem is carried out, practical recommendations are given within the framework of the development of a new national project "Environmental well-being".

Hydro-Geochemistry and Water Quality Index Assessment in the Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Water quality is crucial to the environmental system and thus its chemistry is important, and can be directly related to the water’s source, the climate, and the geology of the region. This study focuses on analyzing the hydrochemistry of specific locations within the Dakhla Oasis in Egypt. A total of thirty-nine groundwater samples representing the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer (NSSA) and seven surface water samples from wastewater lakes and canals were collected for analysis. Key parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured on-site, while major ions and trace elements (Fe+2 and Mn+2) were analyzed in the laboratory. The water quality index (WQI) method was employed to assess the overall water quality. Hydro-chemical facies were investigated using Piper’s, Scholler’s, and Stiff diagrams, revealing sodium as the dominant cation and chloride, followed by bicarbonate as the dominant anion. The hydro-chemical composition indicates that Na–Cl constitutes the primary water type in this study. This points to the dissolution of evaporates and salt enrichment due to intense evaporation resulting from the region’s hyper-aridity. In groundwater samples, the order of hydro-chemical facies is HCO3− > Cl− > SO4−2 > Na+ > Ca+2 > K+ > Mg+2, while in wastewater samples, it is Cl− > Na+ > SO4−2 > HCO3− > Ca+2 > Mg+2 > K+. When considering iron and manganese parameters, the water quality index (WQI) values suggest that most groundwater samples exhibit excellent to good quality but become poor or very poor when these elements are included. This study could prove valuable for water resource management in the Dakhla Oasis.

Utilizing bypass cement dust in the production of radiation shielding bismuth borate glass

Using the melting-quench technique, a new method for removing bypass cement dust (BCD) was developed in this study using an active environmental glassy system with the chemical formula (65–x)B2O3–5Li2O–5CdO–25BCD–xBi2O3, where x varied from 0 to 30 mol%. A glass density of 3.137 g/cm³ is attained without bismuth, while a density of 5.345 g/cm³ is obtained with 30 mol% Bi2O3. The unit peaks BO3 and BO4 in the FTIR spectra signify the presence of the BLCDBi-series structure. Elevated Bi2O3 concentrations augment BO4 units. Defects influence the optical absorbance of glass within the wavelength range of 190–1000 nm. These defects in the glass network are created by silicon electrons, silicon hole centers, and BCD as well as Bi3+ or Bi6+ after the addition of bismuth oxide to the glassy system. Eg values were found to decrease as Bi2O3 concentration increased, whereas EU and n values exhibited the opposite behavior. A gamma spectroscopy system and the Phy-X/PSD software are used to calculate the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), and effective electron density (Neff) of samples. In addition, the Phy-X/PSD software demonstrated good agreement between experimental and theoretical interpretations. Overall, the results showed that the BLCDBi-30 sample is suitable for use in radiation protection.