Environmental Resources Research Articles

Study on the Stage Method of the Water Environmental Capacity Flood Season in the Ningxia Section of the Yellow River

The rational use of the water environmental resources of the main stream of the Yellow River, which is the mother river of the Chinese nation, and the control of and reduction in water environmental pollution, especially in relation to water quality safety, have become important issues that must be considered in Ningxia’s economic and social development. Due to the influence of monsoons, river runoff in most of the river basins in China is mainly concentrated in the flood season, and its distribution is extremely uneven within and among years. Therefore, an analysis of the seasonal change law of heavy rainfall and flooding and a scientific and rational staging of the flood season can fully demonstrate the comprehensive benefits of the river and also address the inevitable need to master and utilize the capacity of the water environment. In this study, the abundant, level, and absent year division of the Ningxia section of the main stream of the Yellow River was carried out using the percentage of parity and the guarantee rate methods. Several commonly used flood periods staging methods were studied, and their applicable conditions were preliminarily analyzed. The research results not only provide a reference for the relevant management departments, a decision-making basis for rational planning, and the scientific and appropriate development of river basins but they also have scientific research significance.

Perceiving and accessing resources in uncertain environments: insights from waste collection ventures in Burkina Faso

PurposeThis article explores how waste collection venture founders in an uncertain sub-Saharan African environment perceive and access resources. More particularly, it investigates why, even in a similar context, different types of resource-mobilizing practices can be observed among venture founders and how these different practices can be related to founders’ diverging perceptions of resource accessibility.Design/methodology/approachThe study compares seven waste collection ventures in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, a particularly uncertain market with shifting public regulation. The comparative case study analysis relies on interviews with venture founders, staff members and sector experts, as well as observations and archival data.FindingsThe findings suggest that the diverse approaches to resource accessibility can be associated with different ways in which venture founders perceive three key dimensions: environmental uncertainty (which is not necessarily seen as negative), the venture’s mission (for-profit or not-for-profit) and the founders’ self-perceptions. Three “perception-practice” patterns are identified, which illuminate different avenues for waste collection venture founders to access resources and position themselves in between local traditions and international influences.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings contribute to refining the understanding of the links between entrepreneurial perceptions and resource access in uncertain environments, and further illuminate the diversity and complexity of entrepreneurial approaches in sub-Saharan Africa.Practical implicationsThe findings of this paper may help waste management entrepreneurs better leverage resources and deal with uncertainty. Moreover, the paper includes recommendations to public authorities in charge of waste policy at the local, national and international levels, urging them to take the diversity of entrepreneurial approaches into consideration and formulate tailored policies to support waste entrepreneurs in accessing the resources they need.Social implicationsInforming the diversity of waste management practices and their effectiveness directly contributes to supporting small venture development and dealing with pollution, thereby addressing, respectively, sustainable development goals 8 (“Economic development and growth”) and 15 (“Life on land”).Originality/valueAs entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa remains relatively underexplored in comparison with Western contexts, in particular from the perspective of entrepreneurial perceptions, the originality of this article is to connect resource access practices with the different perceptions unfolding in a similar context, thereby shedding light on how such diversity informs the understanding of entrepreneurial practices in uncertain contexts.

Brewing Industry By-products: An Innovative Alternative to Hyaluronic Acid Biosynthesis

As beer malt bagasse, agro-industrial by-products have raised significant environmental and economic concerns due to their improper disposal and negative impact on process efficiency. Often regarded as waste, these by-products contribute to environmental degradation and resource inefficiency. However, when viewed as potential resources, they offer new opportunities. Beer malt bagasse shows excellent potential as a substrate for cultivating Streptococcus zooepidemicus, a bacterium that produces hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid is a high-value biopolymer with wide applications in medicine, biomedicine, food, and cosmetics. Its distinctive properties—such as biocompatibility, viscoelasticity, and moisture retention—make it highly desirable across industries. As a result, the demand for hyaluronic acid has grown significantly in recent years, emphasizing the need for sustainable production methods that meet market demands while reducing environmental impact. Traditional production methods often depend on animal-derived sources or synthetic processes, both of which pose sustainability challenges. This review presents a sustainable alternative: utilizing brewing industry by-products as an eco-friendly and cost-effective source for hyaluronic acid production. This approach aims to create a more sustainable and economically viable production process by harnessing beer malt bagasse, a readily available and low-cost substrate.

Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Transformed Hairy Root Cultures as an Effective Platform for Producing Phenolic Compounds with Strong Bactericidal Properties.

Reynoutria japonica Houtt. is the source of various phenolic compounds: phenolic acids, flawan-3-ols, and stilbenes, with a broad range of biological activity. The rhizome (underground organ of these plants) is abundant in secondary metabolites but, in natural conditions, may accumulate various toxic substances (such as heavy metals) from the soil. The principal objective of this research was to produce transformed cultures of R. japonica hairy roots that would serve as a valuable source of phenolic compounds, independent of environmental resources. The transformation was performed using a variety of wild strains of Rhizobium rhizogenes bacteria, of which only strain A4 (ATCC 31798) proved effective. The molecular characterization of transformed clones was performed using PCR. The biometric parameters (growth index and dry weight content), phenolic compounds accumulation (DAD-HPLC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, CUPRAC), and bactericidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus with various sensitivity to antibiotics were evaluated. Two obtained transformed clones (RJ 9 and 30) exhibited the incorporation of the entire bacterial T-DNA into genomic DNA, while clones RJ 10 and 11 demonstrated only the presence of the LT-DNA sequence. The results demonstrated an increase in flawan-3-ols (catechins) accumulation in hairy root tissue relative to non-transformed (NT) plants. Moreover, hairy roots exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity and bactericidal properties compared with NT roots and NT shoots, respectively.

Reducing Agricultural Land Use Through Plant-Based Diets: A Case Study of Romania.

Agricultural systems face increasing global pressure to address sustainability challenges, particularly regarding land use and environmental protection. In Romania, where traditional diets are heavily dependent on animal-based products, optimizing land use is critical. This study investigates the potential of plant-based diets to reduce agricultural land use, examining scenarios of partial and complete replacement of animal protein with plant protein sources (soy, peas, and potatoes). The research modeled three dietary transition scenarios-replacing 33%, 50%, and 100% of animal protein with plant-based protein-using data from the Romanian National Institute of Statistics, the FAO, and international sources. Land use was calculated for each scenario using formulas that take into account protein content and land use intensity for animal and plant protein sources. The simulations quantify the reduction in agricultural land use at the per capita and national levels. The study reveals significant land-saving potential across all scenarios. At the national level, land use reductions ranged from 84,020 hectares (33% replacement) to 1,067,443 hectares (100% replacement). High-impact products such as beef and dairy continue to dominate land use, even in partial replacement scenarios. Conversely, replacing pork and chicken proteins shows substantial savings. The findings highlight the inefficiency of animal-based protein production and the ecological benefits of transitioning to plant-based diets. A dietary shift towards plant-based protein in Romania could achieve significant reductions in agricultural land use, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals. This transition not only supports environmental conservation and resource optimization, but also provides public health benefits by reducing consumption of red and processed meat. These results provide a basis for policies to promote sustainable and nutritionally balanced food systems.

Critical Study of the Implementation of the Right of Self-Determination in Protecting Indonesia’s Environmental and Economic Sovereignty

Indonesia’s claim to self-determination is challenged by the nation’s dependence on foreign economic interests, particularly in the management of its natural resources. As foreign nations and corporations enter through investment and employment contracts, they often gain equal footing with domestic entities, which undermines Indonesia’s control over its environmental resources. The lack of autonomous management of these resources, coupled with policies favoring foreign interests, raises concerns about Indonesia’s environmental sovereignty. This research aims to examine how the Right to Economic Self-Determination Principle can be leveraged to protect Indonesia’s environmental and economic sovereignty. Given its philosophical and analytical orientation, along with its descriptive and normative legal analysis, this study falls under the category of normative legal research. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s reliance on foreign investment and inadequate regulations, such as inequitable contracts related to environmental resource exploitation, challenge the nation’s commitment to self-determination. Additionally, the burden of foreign debt further hinders the effective exercise of this right. There is a pressing need to reharmonize the spirit of environmental and economic freedom, as enshrined in the 1945 Constitution, with current laws. This includes restructuring contracts and agreements with foreign entities involved in Indonesia’s environmental sectors to ensure alignment with national sovereignty.

Enhancing smart city assessment: an advanced MCDM approach for urban performance evaluation

Urban centers in the 21st century face significant challenges impacting future urban living. The numerous indicators and inherent complexity involved in assessing urban performance in smart cities necessitate the application of multi-criteria evaluation methods, which are frequently associated with fuzziness and uncertainties. Thus, this study introduces an innovative decision support approach that integrates complex spherical fuzzy set to enhance decision-making for smart city evaluation. By incorporating a consensus measurement mechanism for judgments, the reliability of results is improved. The methodology assesses smart city performance by calculating a level index using criteria of resilience, sustainability, and urban livability, along with eighteen sub-criteria for comprehensive benchmarking. Results highlight pollution control, energy and environmental resources, community well-being, eco-friendly transport, and social cohesion as critical factors for smart city performance. Singapore demonstrates high-level performance due to its integration of advanced technologies and community-focused strategies. The evaluated results obtained via the developed approach offer valuable insights for urban planners aiming to promote sustainable, resilient, and livable urban development.

Effect of microbial growth types (suspended and attached) in anoxic zone of innovative one-stage anaerobic/anoxic/oxic bioreactor with airlift regime on nitrogen removal through combined mechanisms and phosphorous removal: A comparative study

The objective of this study was to treat different types of industrial wastewaters (milk processing wastewater, soft drink wastewater, and soybean oil plant wastewater) using modified configurations of a bioreactor called one-stage internal dual circulation airlift A2O (DCAL-A2O) bioreactor. The modification involved the use of physical barriers (baffle and packing media) to enhance the anoxic zone of the bioreactor. The study investigated the performance of bioreactors in simultaneously removing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The bioreactor was designed in three configurations: ordinary, baffled, and hybrid DCAL-A2O bioreactors, depending on the type of manipulation. Different operating conditions, such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), air flow rate (AFR), and anaerobic volume ratio (AVR), were examined simultaneously. The hybrid DCAL-A2O bioreactor was found to be highly suitable for wastewater treatment due to its superior biological performance, ease of operation, and cost-effectiveness when compared to two other bioreactors. The chosen bioreactor demonstrated high performance in terms of TCOD, TN, phosphorus removal efficiencies, and effluent turbidity. Specifically, it achieved removal efficiencies of 97.0% for TCOD, 92% for TN (with a concentration of 179.4 mg/L), 90% for phosphorus (with a concentration of 50.33 mg/L), and an effluent turbidity of 9 NTU. These results were obtained under optimal conditions, which included a HRT of 10 h, an AFR of 2 L/min, and an AVR of 0.464. The unique setup of the bioreactor demonstrated its undeniable ability to effectively treat wastewater from different feeding points. PCR tests confirmed the co-existence of multiple functional bacterial species, including AOB, NOB, denitrifying bacteria, anammox, PAOs, DPAOs, and GAOs. This provides strong evidence for concurrent removal of organics and nutrients in all three configurations of the integrated unit. In summary, this study emphasizes the need for ongoing research in energy efficiency to safeguard our environmental resources.

Atmospheric environmental resources and corporate green innovation: Blessing or curse of the weather?

Green technology innovation is an important way to realize corporate green transformation and sustainable economic development. Regional resource endowments can influence local policies and corporate innovation decisions. This paper examines whether and how atmospheric environmental resources, that is, the capacity of the atmospheric environment to accommodate and purify pollutants, have an impact on corporate green innovation. Using the data of China's A-shares listed heavily polluting firms from 2012 to 2022, we find that the atmospheric environmental resources inhibit corporate green technology innovation, indicating a “resource curse” effect. The mechanism test reveals that regional environmental resources affect corporate green technological innovation by influencing local governments' environmental protection concern, economic concern, environmental enforcement and public concern. Further analysis shows that the impact of atmospheric environmental resources on corporate green technology innovation differs before and after the Paris Agreement, and varies across different levels of financial development, industry competition, corporate characteristics, and executive traits. This paper presents a new perspective of regional atmospheric environmental resources and its impact on corporate green technology innovation, revealing the mechanisms behind corporate green innovation from an external perspective, which has implications for governmental departments and corporate environmental governance decision-making.

Phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes in the marine environment: current status and future trends.

The exploitation and utilization of resources in marine environments have ignited a demand for advanced illumination and optical communication technologies. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), heralded as "green lighting sources", offer a compelling solution to the technical challenges of marine exploration due to their inherent advantages. Among the myriad of LED technologies, phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) have emerged as frontrunners in marine applications. At the heart of pc-LEDs lie phosphor materials, colour-converters that orchestrate the emission of light. In the marine environment, blue-green light with a wavelength of 440-570 nm exhibits the deepest penetration depth, while other wavelengths are rapidly attenuated in the shallow layer. Additionally, specific wavelengths of light are crucial for particular applications. However, the moist marine environment as well as the demand for continuous and stable lighting pose a formidable challenge to the environmental stability of the phosphors. Therefore, developing blue-green phosphors with exceptional colour purity and high thermal and moisture stability is paramount for marine applications. Herein, this review delves into the application of LED and pc-LED technology in underwater optical communication and marine fishery, exploring the development strategies of phosphors tailored for the marine environment. The insights presented serve as a valuable reference for further research on phosphors and pc-LED devices.

Recent advances in research on biomass-based food packaging film materials.

Although traditional petroleum-based packaging materials pose environmental problems, biodegradable packaging materials have attracted extensive attention from research and industry for their environmentally friendly properties. Bio-based films, as an alternative to petroleum-based packaging films, demonstrate their significant advantages in terms of environmental friendliness and resource sustainability. This paper provides an insight into the development of biomass food packaging films such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, and gelatine, including their properties, methods of preparation (e.g., solution casting, extrusion blow molding, layer-by-layer assembly, and electrostatic spinning), and applications in food packaging. Through these preparation methods, the paper analyzes how the properties of the films can be effectively tuned and optimized to meet specific packaging needs. It was found that biomass film materials for food packaging not only possess functional properties such as antimicrobial, preservation, and indication, but also that their continued material innovation and technological improvements offer promising prospects for their use in commercial applications. These advances could help advance the global sustainable development goals, while showing great potential for improving food safety and extending shelf life. Future research will further explore new functions and applications of biomass films, providing additional solutions for environmental protection and sustainability.

Piezoelectric Polymer Characterization Setup for Active Energy Harvesting

ABSTRACTPiezoelectric polymers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), offer a sustainable alternative to traditional ceramic‐based energy harvesters, addressing concerns regarding environmental impact and resource scarcity. The energy harvesting ability of these PVDFs under various mechanical constraints has been widely investigated. To determine the power output of the material, most of the studies usually use the same electrical setup: the piezoelectric material is in series with a load resistor and the voltage is measured at the resistor's terminals. This usual “passive” method of measurement can underestimate the optimal value of energy harvesting ability. To accurately assess the energy harvesting potential of PVDF, a novel “active” measurement method is proposed. This method involves the simultaneous application of both mechanical and electrical stimuli to the PVDF film, enabling precise control and optimization of the energy harvesting process. To validate this approach, the structural and electrical properties of the stretched PVDF were initially characterized to produce a datasheet. Subsequently, the energy harvesting performance was investigated using both “passive” and “active” methods. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in power output, with the “active” method yielding up to 3.2 times higher values compared with the “passive” method. This finding highlights the importance of employing advanced measurement techniques to accurately characterize the energy harvesting capabilities of piezoelectric materials.

Synergy of machine learning and the Einstein Choquet integral with LOPCOW and fuzzy measures for sustainable solid waste management

<p>Solid waste management (SWM) protects public health, the environment, and limited resources in densely populated and urbanized countries such as Singapore. This work presents an advanced framework for optimizing SWM using advanced mathematical models and decision-making techniques, including the circular $ q $-rung orthopair fuzzy set (C$ q $-ROFS) for data, combined with the Choquet integral (CI) and logarithmic percentage change-driven objective weighting (LOPCOW) methods, enhanced by the aggregation operators (AOs) circular $ q $-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein Choquet integral weighted averaging (C$ q $-ROFECIWA) and circular $ q $-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein Choquet integral weighted geometric (C$ q $-ROFECIWG) aggregation operators. By conducting a systematic evaluation, these methods classified different alternatives to SWM, evaluating them according to criteria such as their environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, waste reduction efficiency, feasibility of implementation, health safety, and public acceptance. The operators C$ q $-ROFECIWA and C$ q $-ROFECIWG perform better than previous approaches in the effective management of multifaceted and dynamic SWM scenarios. The comparison study demonstrates that the integration of these operators with LOPCOW and the Choquet integral offers decision-making conclusions that are more reliable and sustainable. The study conducted in Singapore successfully finds the most feasible SWM alternatives and emphasizes the possibility of implementing more environmentally sustainable practices in the urban environment. This research offers practical insights for policymakers and emphasizes the need to improve and enhance these approaches to improve SWM in various urban environments.</p>

LCA-emergy and carbon footprint analysis in a steel industry reporting system: A case study of a Chinese steel company.

The steel industry is one of the heavy industries with significant global environmental impacts, and China, as the largest steel-producing country, holds representative significance for global sustainability in the steel production company. This study, based on data from China's largest steel company, quantitatively researched sustainability using a whole life cycle emergy approach and carbon footprint method from 2012 to 2022. The results indicate that, analyzing unit emergy values (UEVs) types, foundational UEVs are the lowest. Gas emissions increase UEVs indicators, with a 5% rise in 2012. Clean energy inputs reduce steel system burdens, lowering UEVs by about 2%. Solid waste and wastewater raise UEVs due to costs, like a 2% increase in 2012. Despite occasional fluctuations, the overall trend shows a decline, nearing the standard value of 1. This signals continuous enhancement in Baosteel Company's port product line sustainability. For instance, the basic ESI dropped from 11.5 in 2012 to 4.2 in 2022, highlighting substantial progress. This consistent improvement underscores Baosteel's dedication to environmental stewardship, resource efficiency, and operational efficacy. Moreover, the application of clean energy, waste gas/solid waste/wastewater treatment, energy-saving technologies, intelligent operations, artificial wetland systems, etc., has enhanced the sustainability of the steel production system. In the face of the profound impact of artificial intelligence in the future, the dynamic and long-term sustainable characteristics of the steel product production system will be the focus of the next research steps. The most significant feature of this paper compared to current research is that it evaluates the dynamic relationship between China's steel production and the ecological environment, revealing the ecological energy value and carbon emissions research throughout the entire life cycle of the steel industry.

A Systematic Review Uncovering Modifiable Influences on Statin Adherence.

Statins are effective in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but adherence rates remain low globally. Understanding and addressing modifiable influences on adherence is key to improving outcomes. Existing reviews have methodological limitations, often failing to integrate qualitative and quantitative data or consider specific barriers to statin adherence. This systematic review aimed to identify modifiable barriers and facilitators to statin adherence using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). A comprehensive search of Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was conducted, covering studies from January 1998 to November 2023. Data were coded to TDF domains and synthesized to identify specific influences on adherence. The nature of the evidence (qualitative or quantitative) was recorded for each influence, and variations among patient groups were noted. Seventy studies from 20 countries were included, with only one focused on ethnic minorities. The most commonly identified domains affecting adherence were "Beliefs about Consequences", "Knowledge", 'Environmental Context and Resources', and "Social Influences". Key factors included knowledge of disease, perceived disease threat, perceived benefits of statins, and patient-provider communication and trust. While side effects had inconsistent associations with adherence, forgetfulness was mainly addressed in quantitative studies, and social influences were highlighted in qualitative research. This review identified modifiable factors that could improve statin adherence. Future research should focus on addressing barriers faced by underrepresented groups to create more inclusive and effective interventions that enhance patient support and communication for better health outcomes.

Improving Forest Management: A Case Study of DENR-CAR’s Turned-over Logs

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources in the Cordillera Administrative Region (DENR-CAR) is committed to enhancing sustainable forest management practices, particularly concerning the utilization of turned-over logs derived from Tree Cutting Permits (TCPs). Recognizing the importance of optimizing resource use and minimizing environmental impact, this study examines current policies and practices surrounding these logs, seeking opportunities for improvement and greater efficiency. While existing guidelines, such as DAO 2003-18 and MMO 162, provide a valuable foundation, this research explores how to strengthen implementation further and ensure equitable utilization. A qualitative case study methodology was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, document analysis, and thematic analysis to gather and interpret data effectively. The approach provided in-depth insights into the systemic challenges hindering effective log management, including unclear regulatory definitions, inefficient data tracking, absence of designated custodians, and weak enforcement mechanisms. The study's findings reveal a critical need for policy enhancements encompassing (1) implementing a prepayment mechanism for TCPs to streamline processes and reduce bureaucratic delays, (2) designating barangay Local Government Units (LGUs) as custodians to ensure localized and traceable management, and leveraging technology for efficient data monitoring and decision-making; and (4) fostering community participation in log utilization projects —such as school infrastructure and community development initiatives—ensures equitable benefits while promoting local stewardship. Strengthened monitoring and enforcement mechanisms and capacity building for relevant agencies are also proposed to mitigate noncompliance and resource misuse. This holistic framework offers actionable insights to improve log governance in CAR, promoting transparency, accountability, and technology-driven processes to achieve sustainable forest management and contribute to broader conservation goals.

Changing or validating physician opioid prescribing behaviors through audit and feedback and academic detailing interventions in primary care.

In Ontario, Canada, province-wide initiatives supporting safer opioid prescribing in primary care include voluntary audit and feedback reports and academic detailing. In this process evaluation, we aimed to determine the fidelity of delivery and receipt of the interventions, the observed change strategies used by physicians, potential mechanisms of action, and how complementary the initiatives can be to each other. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with academic detailers and with physicians who received both interventions. Academic detailer interviews were coded using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy; physician interviews were coded to the Theoretical Domain Framework. Change strategies were summarized based on academic detailer intentions and physician-reported practice changes. Potential mechanisms of action were identified using the Theories and Techniques Tool and the literature. Patient partners informed the interpretation of results through ongoing group discussions of preliminary findings. Interviews were conducted with eight academic detailers and 12 physicians. Change strategies described by academic detailers to support physicians' opioid prescribing included problem solving, instructions on how to perform the behavior, adding objects to the environment, credible source, shaping knowledge, and social support. Physicians mentioned that academic detailing validated current opioid practices or increased their belief about capabilities and their intentions, mediated by increased skills and the impact of environmental context and resources. Potential mechanisms of action included behavioral regulation, behavioral cueing, and general attitudes/beliefs. On its own, receiving the audit and feedback report did not lead to changes in beliefs about prescribing practices; however, for some physicians, it provided validation and reassurance. Physicians saw unrealized potential for complementarity. New interventions are often implemented in a complex ecosystem with other competing interventions. In this study, we show how examining the fidelity of the intervention from initial design through to delivery can identify opportunities for potential optimization.

Experiences of Oral Corticosteroid Use and Adverse Effects: A National Cross-Sectional Survey of People with Asthma

Experiences of Oral Corticosteroid Use and Adverse Effects: A National Cross-Sectional Survey of People with Asthma

Bioresource Rent Value of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park, Philippines, for Access and Benefit Sharing Scheme

The Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP) in the Philippines is a vital protected area that harbors a diverse range of flora and fauna with substantial economic significance. Despite the extensive research conducted within MMRNP, the monetary value of its rich biodiversity remains vastly underestimated. This research employs a combination of key informant interviews and focus group discussions with local and indigenous people (IP) communities living near MMRNP. Value chain analysis and resource rent calculation were utilized to determine the economic value of MMNRP’s bioresources and ensure their sustainability and equitable management. Through these participatory methods, nine bioresources of significant economic importance have been identified, prioritized, and found to be collected, utilized, and traded by communities. These include five floral species: Dendrocnide sp., Calamus sp., Cinnamomum mercadoi, Agathis philippinensis, and Gymnostoma sumatranum, and four faunal species: Limnonectes sp., Apis sp., Apis cerana, and Sus philippensis. The estimated annual value of these economically important bioresources within MMRNP is PhP 42,708,861.20. Given its potential contribution to the local economy, the establishment of enabling policies to protect bioresources is crucial to mitigate the adverse impacts of natural resource exploitation on both economic growth and the development of local communities residing near MMRNP. It is strongly recommended that joint close monitoring and supervision by relevant agencies such as the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), local government units (LGUs), and Protected Area Management Boards (PAMB) be implemented. This approach will promote transparency and consensus building, ensuring the sustainable management of these invaluable bioresources for access and benefit of present and future generations.

Sustainable Tourism Management: Concepts and Strategies of a Theoretical Framework

Tourism plays a significant role in the global economy; however, its rapid growth is often accompanied by negative impacts on the environment, culture, and local communities. Recent reports indicate that unsustainable resource use and excessive exploitation can lead to ecosystem degradation and exacerbate social inequalities. In this context, the concept of sustainable tourism has emerged as a solution aimed at creating a balance between economic growth and the protection of environmental and cultural resources. This article outlines the fundamental principles of sustainable tourism management, including environmental protection, social equity, and economic sustainability. Additionally, it discusses various strategies for implementing sustainable tourism management, such as integrated destination planning, community empowerment, and the adoption of eco-tourism practices. Through a case study of Bali, Indonesia, the article illustrates how the application of sustainable tourism principles can yield long-term benefits for all stakeholders involved. This article aims to explore and formulate recommendations for stakeholders in the tourism sector to manage tourism activities more responsibly and sustainably. It is hoped that this approach can contribute to the creation of environmentally, socially, and economically friendly destinations while supporting broader sustainable development goals.