Enterprise Environment Research Articles

Экономические эффекты технологических инноваций в обрабатывающей промышленности России и Дальнего Востока

The study is devoted to the assessment of the economic effects of technological innovations on productivity in the manufacturing industry of the regions of Russia with a more detailed analysis given for the Russian Far East. The study was carried out on the materials of official statistics of provided by Rosstat and covers the period between 2006–2020 with the detailed periods of 2006–2013 and 2014–2020. It is established that on average, in the period of 2006–2020, technological innovations significantly and positively influenced the productivity of Russian manufacturing enterprises in the regions of the country. The effect of product innovations was most pronounced in 2006–2013 against the background of the financial and economic crisis and the subsequent recovery of the Russian industry. The effect of process innovations, on the contrary, gained strength only in 2014–2020 as foreign markets closed for Russian manufacturers. It is shown that technological innovations are not the most significant factor in increasing the productivity of manufacturing enterprises. In manufacturing industries, productivity depends more on the volume of goods shipped in previous years, as well as on the industry environment of enterprises and the infrastructure constraints within which they have to operate. The total effect of these factors on productivity is 1.5 times greater than the effect of innovation. It is shown that in the manufacturing industry in the Russian Far East, the effect of the total volume of technological innovations on productivity is 1.5–2 times less than in Russia in general, which can be explained by the low efficiency of process innovations in the Far Eastern Federal District. At the same time, the processing enterprises of the district demonstrate an increased effect (by 25–40%) of product innovations relative to the average level in Russia, which is associated with a greater dependence of the enterprises of the district on the fulfillment of individual orders

Особливості формування адаптивних систем управління стартапами в умовах нестабільного середовища

Signs of global instability are now inherent in the economic system of any country over the world, and Ukraine is no exception, where, as a result of the pandemic and, in succession, the war, there was a decrease in incomes of the population, industrial output and sales of services, capital and foreign direct investment. According to the State Statistics Service, expectations of industrial enterprises regarding the prospects for the development of their business activity by type of economic activity and by major industrial groups decreased in 2020–2022 at enterprises of all types of economic activity compared to 2019, which, combined with the catastrophic destruction of infrastructure and forced migration of the population, is a clear negative trend that characterizes the current business climate in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to substantiate the theoretical aspects of the formation of components of adaptive systems for management of startups in Ukraine in the context of external instability. It is determined that in the modern scientific literature the approach to the interpretation of adaptation as a process that ensures the adaptability of enterprise to any changes or conditions prevails; changing functions, structure, relationships, parameters, etc. for more effective adaptation to the influence of factors of external and internal instability. Building adaptive enterprise management systems also involves compliance with certain principles, in particular: the principle of differentiation; dual control and feedback. Important characteristics of the adaptive stratum management system are its flexibility and sensuality, which are aimed at identifying both positive and negative influences of both the external and the internal environment. The system should anticipate the main problem points at the stage of development and implementation of a startup, as well as ensure adaptation to current socioeconomic requirements. It is proved that the adaptive system of management of startups in an unstable environment implements the functions of monitoring the external and internal environment of enterprise, various aspects of its functioning and, on this basis, chooses the most effective algorithm for adapting to the unstable conditions of development.

НАУКОВІ ЗАСАДИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОНТРОЛІНГУ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНИМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Today, digital transformations change people's lives, the principles and forms of functioning of enterprises, and also have an impact on all levels of the economy. The formation and development of the digital economy necessitates the processing and transmission of a large flow of data at a high exchange rate. The authors of the article identified the key trends of strategic management of enterprises in the conditions of the digital economy and sharp changes in the external and internal environments of enterprises in these conditions. This necessity is technically and physically ensured thanks to the work of telecommunication enterprises. This situation requires constant monitoring and analysis of the external environment from telecommunication companies. Thus, the development of the digital economy determines the search by telecommunications enterprises for modern tools for identifying risks, analyzing trends, setting benchmarks, preventing adverse phenomena, and finding alternative development options for the enterprise. This becomes possible thanks to the implementation of such an economic tool as strategic management controlling, which is characterized by the use of modern digital technologies and the application of modern accounting and information processing methods. This ensures the company's survival in changing conditions and strengthens the strategic advantages of the telecommunications company and the services it provides and plans to provide in the two-term perspective. The article defines the effectiveness of the strategic management system of a telecommunications enterprise and proposes the implementation of strategic management controlling, which is a new phenomenon in the theory and practice of strategic enterprise management. The functions of the strategic management control group are outlined and the criteria that must be taken into account by enterprise management for business survival and preservation are specified. A model of the interaction of strategic controlling functions and controlling criteria for telecommunications enterprises is proposed. The necessity of using controlling as a strategic management tool, which allows forecasting and identifying risks at enterprises for timely change of strategy or its adjustment in accordance with new threats and opportunities, is emphasized.

Аналіз ресурсних та інвестиційно-інноваційних факторів розвитку галузевих структур

The article is aimed at solving the actual problem of studying the factors of internal and external environment of functioning of sectoral structures. The authors analyzed an aggregate of various indicators for assessing the factors of development of sectoral structures using methods of multivariate statistical analysis. The completeness of the theoretical description of objects and objectivity of conclusions during the study of the problem of factor analysis of functioning of the mechanism of management of sectoral structures has been achieved. The problem of analysis of resource and investment-innovation factors of development of sectoral structures using factor analysis is examined. It is proposed to quantify the efficiency of functioning of the mechanism of enterprise management to use indicators of assessment of resource and investment-innovation potentials, which should be considered as indicators of outputs of the production system, transformed and obtained as a result of the influence of the management mechanism. The analysis was carried out in two directions: resource and investment-innovation. A large number of indicators characterizing the state of the internal and external environment of enterprises were processed, and using the methods of factor analysis, they were replaced with a certain set of uncorrelated parameters, which allowed to reduce the dimension of the studied totality of data. The state of resource and investment-innovation potentials of enterprises was considered as a result of the influence of the management mechanism, taking into account industry affiliation, that is, separately for enterprises of mechanical engineering, light or food industries. As result of the analysis, the following general factors were formed for light industry enterprises: economic direction of capital use; efficiency of use of the labor and material resources; efficiency of use of the equity and borrowed capital; efficiency of use of the borrowed funds. For food industry enterprises, the following factors are formed: the economic direction of capital use; efficiency of the financial and production activities; the ability of the management mechanism to provide a stable amount of profit; efficiency of use of fixed assets. Within the terms of investment and innovation direction for mechanical engineering and light industry enterprises, the most important factor is that which can be interpreted as the efficiency of research activities, the less important factor – the direction of using own investments for innovation; of the smallest importance is the direction of using investment resources for the production of innovative products.

Impact of the external environment on the development of enterprises in the investment and construction complex in the housing market

The article discusses the main aspects of the influence of the external environment on the development of enterprises in the investment and construction complex. Currently, enterprises are forced to increase their efficiency, taking into account the development of investment processes aimed at eliminating imbalances in the real estate market. Three groups of features are presented that determine the nature of the activities of ISC enterprises: territorial, sectoral and socio-economic. Taking into account all these features will make it possible to establish the degree of compliance of the internal environment of enterprises with the external conditions of their activities and to link the interests of all participants in the housing market in a rational combination of them with each other. These features determine the nature of the emergence of various groups of factors of the external and internal environment. The solution of this problem should be carried out through the development of new theoretical and methodological approaches to solving the problem.

Research on the optimization of performance evaluation system of listed companies under the new development pattern

With the formation of a new development pattern, the process of economic glocalization is accelerating and market competition is intensifying. The internal and external environment of enterprises is undergoing tremendous changes. How to reduce operating costs, reduce operating risks and maximize business returns is a problem that plagues enterprises and needs to be addressed urgently. As a typical representative of the enterprise industry, listed companies have a good guiding role in the development of enterprises in the industry. Based on this, this study focuses on the construction of the performance evaluation system of listed companies in the context of the new development pattern. By analyzing the research history and current situation of the construction of the performance evaluation system of listed companies, and then deducing the corresponding optimization path, it aims to provide some feasible guidance suggestions for the construction of the performance evaluation system of listed companies.

Scientific approaches to studying the system of economic security of an enterprise

The article considers the basic scientific principles and defines the main scientific approaches to the methodology of studying the economic security systems of enterprises, which include systemic, structural, functional, process, integrated, organizational-scientific, and resource-functional approaches. The author reveals that the integration of these approaches allows for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of functioning and development of economic security of enterprises at different levels. Specific scientific approaches inherent in the development of the methodological foundations of security science are characterized, including defensive, competitive, harmonized, convergent, dynamic, adaptive, activity-based, reactive-situational, and resilient approaches. The article proves that this methodology has a significant scientific basis presented in numerous works that analyze in detail the phenomenon of economic security at different levels – from the state and regions to individual organizations. The author finds that the issues of security science are undergoing significant transformations, which are determined by changes in the external and internal environment of enterprises in the context of increasing turbulence and dynamics. These changes cause a constant need to analyze, improve, and develop new approaches, mechanisms, and tools to effectively respond to new threats and challenges. The article proves that the current conditions of informatization and digitalization require the inclusion of new information and technological foundations in the methodological apparatus, which expands the possibilities and methods of cognition. It determines that the synthesis of various scientific approaches and principles creates a conceptually new basis for security science, which reflects the need for a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the economic security of enterprises, taking into account their interaction with various economic, social, political, and technological systems. The author proves that such an approach allows not only to analyze existing conditions and threats in depth but also to predict potential challenges and develop effective strategies for sustainability and development.

Genesis of the Concept and Process of Strategizing at Enterprises

The aim of the article is to summarize theoretical proposals on the definition of the concept of strategizing, to study its genesis and the need to use it in the complex modern conditions of life of enterprises, to clarify the components and stages of the strategizing process and their features, to determine the purpose of strategizing in the conditions of the experience economy as the most progressive model of economic relations, which ensures the growth of added value and profit of enterprises. The object of the research is a complex socioeconomic phenomenon of strategizing and the process of its implementation; the subject is theoretical provisions, conceptions, methodology of enterprise strategizing and their application in the conditions of the experience economy. The following main methods were used in the research process: system approach, method of structural-logical analysis, theoretical generalization, scientific abstraction, concretization and comparative analysis, historical and logical analysis, process approach, theoretical generalization. The article presents the modern features of the internal environment and the external environment of enterprises, which determine the development of the concept of strategizing and the process of its implementation. The main stages of development of strategic management of enterprises with identification of strategizing have been proposed. In chronological order, the definition of the concept of strategizing and its stages and components from its origin to the present (2023) in the scientific works of foreign and domestic scholars is examined and systematized, taking into account the latest trends in changes in economic relations and the feasibility of using in the model of the experience economy. On the basis of generalization of the proposals of scholars and the existing economic realities, an understanding of the concept of strategizing enterprises as the main way of strategic thinking about the future of enterprise is proposed, the main components and stages of the process of its course include the definition of the mission, vision, goals of the enterprise’s life, analysis of factors of the internal and external environment in accordance with the set goals, determination of the strategic instruments (system of strategies) of the enterprise’s life, substantiation of criteria for the selection of strategies, which in the conditions of the experience economy are aimed at highlighting the attractiveness of the enterprise, the strength and value of its brand and the level of reputation, making decisions on the final composition of the set of strategies, forecasting the trajectories of the enterprise in accordance with the adopted strategies and taking into account possible scenarios of the course of events, the implementation of organizational and communication foresightings, the implementation of adopted strategies in accordance with the approved strategic plan of the enterprise.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОГО КОНФЛИКТ-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В РАЗРЕЗЕ КОММЕРЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

Organizational conflicts reduce labor productivity and incur additional costs to eliminate the consequences of conflicts. Conflict management in the organization prevents negative impact on business. The article reveals the main aspects of conflict management in the context of commercial enterprise environment. The author provides a list of organizational measures to prevent the development of conflicts; highlights the modern model of conflict resolution through the stimulation of confrontation (T. M. Ovchinnikova). The conclusions of the article can be useful to entrepreneurs and managers at different levels, as well as students of humanitarian universities.

REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ON SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

The purpose of this paper is to find out the extraordinary features of the public sector in developing nations and the impact of reforms in this sector. Describes the improvement and testing of a structured methodology for the design of performance measurement systems. It became clear that a good deal of the writing about performance measurement so far has been very superficial, neglecting the complexity involved in the actual design of measurement systems. Performance measurement is in the stage of identifying difficulties and pitfalls based totally on practitioner experience with some published research studies. This paper is aimed at small and medium businesses and large corporations and proposes a research agenda for the future. The results of the literature review expose a certain maturity of the literature pertaining to large companies and a significant lack of PMS for SMEs. It additionally discusses PMS in the context of an emerging enterprise environment such as globalization, servicing, and networking in the context of a multicultural environment. The place of PMS has been heavily researched and but some of the basic standards of PMS, especially the particular meaning and software of PMS characteristics, data, measurement residences including measurements, metrics and indicators, and size methods continue to be unclear.

Оценка влияния факторов НДДВ анализа на эффективность системы управления информационным обеспечением промышленного предприятия

Dynamically changing information environment of industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation needs complex systems to evaluate and predict efficiency. Information management system, at the same time, plays an important role. The article discusses the issues of assessing the influence of factors and criteria of the ISIE management system on the effectiveness of the system. The author's ASAD matrix and DEMATEL method are used. Mutual influence of the factors and criteria of ASAD according to DEMATEL method is analyzed in the framework of pairwise comparison of expert estimates in the matrix as weights. Based on this comprehensive approach, the analysis of cause-effect relationships between multifactorial indicators of availability, sufficiency, accessibility and demand for ISIE is used. The results obtained suggest carrying out estimated prediction of improvement of the ISIE management system efficiency based on expert assessments.

Micro Enterprise Retailer Salespeople’s Self-Evaluations of Sales Performance: A study of two countries, one from Central America and one from Western Africa


 Salespeople are crucial piece of the puzzle in micro business retailing environments of developing countries. With no formal training and education in salesmanship, they practice the modern version of the customer relationship management to achieve success. However, empirical studies regarding the salesperson’s performance in such environments in developing countries are scarce. We contribute to the existing literature by extending the application of the behaviour-based salesperson self-evaluation into micro enterprise environments of under-researched countries in Central America and Western Africa. Using an empirical data collected from two developing nations, we examined the importance ratings of the Bush et al. (1990) behaviour-based scale dimension in micro enterprise retail shops in Ghana and Guatemala. Our results indicate that the dimensionality of the behaviour-based salesperson performance evaluation scale holds in both countries. In addition, the importance of some of the performance evaluation dimensions differed in the countries studied.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The role of the state management sector is essential for creating a favorable institutional environment for the innovative development of business entities. The state, thanks to the performance of its inherent functions, stimulates or discourages innovative activity, which is reflected in the pace of economic development and the speed of the transition of the national economy to a new technological system. Institutional provision and support of the GDR and innovative development of the national economy is the exclusive prerogative of the state, whose function includes creating conditions for a favorable investment climate, commercialization of innovations, and motivation of innovative product developers. Innovative development is a complex, multifaceted and dynamic category of economic science, which is the main prerequisite for ensuring the appropriate level of competitiveness of products and enterprises, integration of the domestic economy into the world, sustainable development of the national economy in conditions of worsening social contradictions and increasing man-made load on the ecological environment. The agrarian sphere is exclusively important for achieving the goals and objectives of sustainable development both in the national dimension of the economy of Ukraine and in the global world scale. According to the proposed author’s approach, the architecture of the institutional environment for increasing the innovative activity of agricultural enterprises is based on an organic combination of fundamental state institutions (legal, social, economic, ecological) with institutions whose action should be ensured by market mechanisms. Creation of stimulating prerequisites and financial support of the GDR is an indispensable factor in attracting investment flows to the national economy. The conducted research and practical experience of the functioning and development of the agar sphere made it possible to establish that the institutional support for innovative activity in this sphere is at the stage of development and improvement. The article examines the institutional foundations of the formation of a favorable environment for the introduction of innovations for enterprises in the agrarian sphere. Considerable weight is given to the issue of understanding the architecture of the institutional environment of agricultural enterprises

Models of environmental safety monitoring in the management of production processes in quarries

Currently, the data obtained during the operation of mining enterprises are not sufficiently used to assess the pollution of the natural environment. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to improve the environmental safety of the functioning of mining enterprises by developing structural and functional schemes for the modernization of technological work management processes and integrating tools for assessing the dynamics of environmental conditions based on hybrid simulation methods and Industry 4.0 technologies. Within the framework of the work done, a structural and functional model of modernization of the technological process control scheme of open-type mining enterprises for dynamic assessment of the environmental condition of polluted territories was proposed, and a software implementation of the application was also implemented, which allows integrating the obtained results into the current information environment of mining enterprises.

Does the Emissions Trading System Promote Clean Development? A Re-Examination based on Micro-Enterprise Data

In 2007, the SO2 emissions trading pilot policy was established to offer a framework for the management of the industrial environment. The evaluation of the effect of this policy on the industrial enterprise environment is expected to be of great importance for the development of the industrial economy. Our paper aimed to analyze the implementation effects and mechanisms of emissions trading systems using data collected from the China Industrial Enterprise Database and China Industrial Enterprise Pollution Discharge Database from 1998 to 2012. It was found that the policy decreased the emissions intensity of industrial enterprises; moreover, the emission reduction effect was most apparent in the eastern region, in non-state-owned enterprises, in large-scale enterprises, and in low-pollution industries. The findings of the intermediate effect test revealed that the emissions trading system positively affects the environment through the “innovation compensation” effect and “resource allocation” effects. Based on these findings, we make the following recommendations for policy: we should continue to comply with the improvement strategy of joining “market decision” with “government regulation”, actively encourage the construction of an emissions trading system, and guide industrial enterprises to fabricate a plan for working on environmental performance under the motivation of technological innovation.

Technology entrepreneurship and innovation hubs: Perspectives on the universal regulatory sandbox

Abstract In the USA, state governments have long focused on how they can provide an attractive operating environment for enterprises to locate and expand business operations within their respective political jurisdiction. In recent years, however, a new focus of state governments is on nurturing technology entrepreneurship creating long-term organizational success that translates into sustainable local- and state-level economic growth. To this end, there has been an expansion of ‘innovation hubs’ across the country. These innovation hubs are considered local and regional ‘laboratories’ for technology-focused, entrepreneurial businesses to gestate their new products and services within state-level political boundaries. A recently emerging phenomenon has been the development of the ‘regulatory sandbox’ concept as a further enhancement of the public policy operating environment for nurturing technology entrepreneurship, with a further conceptual extension—to the ‘universal regulatory sandbox’—now being legislatively enacted and implemented.

Model for preventing bankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises in force majeure circumstances

Given rapid changes in global financial and economic processes caused by rapid transformations in the institutional environment and the onset of force majeure circumstances, there is a need to develop new approaches to assessing the level of bankruptcy. Most models that estimate the probability of enterprise bankruptcy are based on internal information, while external information is used to a limited extent. The growing threat of force majeure requires using not only the existing discrete models but also those that consider the external environment of enterprises when assessing the probability of bankruptcy. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for preventingbankruptcy of Ukrainian enterprises in force majeure conditions based on the use of artificial intelligence methods ‒ the theory of fuzzy logic– which allows for a comprehensive assessment of bankruptcy prevention. The paper uses analytical data from the World Bank. The model consists of interrelated groups of factors: organizational, informational and legal, and economic. As a result, a comprehensive indicator of prevention of corporate bankruptcies (D) was calculated on a neurolinguistic scale from 0 to 10; the indicator was estimated for Ukraine (5.644) and Romania (4.520) (as countries close in terms of economic and geopolitical development). The simulation results show that the level of prevention of enterprises’ bankruptcy in Ukraine falls into the average interval.

Construction of Safety Production Standardization Information System of Ninggang

Different from other enterprises, the complexity of the production process and production environment of iron and steel enterprises has led to a very serious safety situation, which not only endangers the lives of many workers, but also has an extremely bad impact on society. It is very necessary to put forward higher requirements on safety management for iron and steel enterprises. Based on the standardization of enterprise safety production, this paper builds a safety production standardization information system with Ningbo Iron and Steel Grid Company Limited. (hereinafter referred to as Ninggang) as an example, combined with Internet intelligent tools, to assist enterprises to complete the construction of safety production standardization and improve the safety management efficiency of iron and steel enterprises.

Applying BERT for Early-Stage Recognition of Persistence in Chat-Based Social Engineering Attacks

Chat-based social engineering (CSE) attacks are attracting increasing attention in the Small-Medium Enterprise (SME) environment, given the ease and potential impact of such an attack. During a CSE attack, malicious users will repeatedly use linguistic tricks to eventually deceive their victims. Thus, to protect SME users, it would be beneficial to have a cyber-defense mechanism able to detect persistent interlocutors who repeatedly bring up critical topics that could lead to sensitive data exposure. We build a natural language processing model, called CSE-PersistenceBERT, for paraphrase detection to recognize persistency as a social engineering attacker’s behavior during a chat-based dialogue. The CSE-PersistenceBERT model consists of a pre-trained BERT model fine-tuned using our handcrafted CSE-Persistence corpus; a corpus appropriately annotated for the specific downstream task of paraphrase recognition. The model identifies the linguistic relationship between the sentences uttered during the dialogue and exposes the malicious intent of the attacker. The results are satisfactory and prove the efficiency of CSE-PersistenceBERT as a recognition mechanism of a social engineer’s persistent behavior during a CSE attack.

Адаптация стратегического планирования на промышленных предприятиях к условиям трансформационных шоков

The purpose of the article is to define the concept of systemic transformation and adaptation of the process of strategic planning of agricultural engineering enterprises to transformational shocks under external constraints. To achieve this goal, the key tasks of strategic planning of agricultural enterprises under the conditions of external constraints and transformational shocks are identified. The criteria for choosing an object of study are determined. The principal arguments for the need to adapt industrial enterprises to the conditions of transformational shocks are shown.The enterprises of agricultural engineering of the South of Russia, functioning as a cluster, were chosen as the object of the study. The internal and external environment of agricultural engineering enterprises in the South of Russia is revealed on the example of a cluster in Krasnodar Krai. The advantages of the development of agricultural engineering industry in the specified region are shown; the factors of negative shock influence and systemic effects on the development of a cluster of agricultural engineering enterprises in Krasnodar Krai are identified. With the help of the methodology for express assessment of the economic sustainability of industrial enterprises in the agricultural sector, as well as by illustrating the modernized production function, the cluster of agricultural engineering enterprises in Krasnodar Krai is defined as a protocluster. Methods and methodology. Within the framework of this study, the methods of systemic and comparative analysis, integrative planning, the author’s method of construction of a modernized production function, method of harmonic linearization, dialectical method, method of empirical observations, and survey method were used. The research methodology is presented by cognitive opportunities of the theory of system economics, theory of transformation, theory of strategic planning, and theory of creative economy. The heuristic potential of interdisciplinary research theory is used. Suggestions are made to ensure the conditions for the adaptation of industrial enterprises to changing political and economic conditions and competitive development of the cluster of agricultural engineering enterprises in Krasnodar Krai.