Entire Transport Research Articles

Gantry type rotating platform obstacle avoidance crane

The rapid development of modern logistics industry has higher requirements for logistics machinery and equipment. As an important equipment for material handling, cranes are used more and more widely in the modern production process. At present, cranes have problems such as large size, inconvenient movement, and inaccurate positioning. Based on the above background, the project team designed a gantry type rotating platform obstacle avoidance crane. The crane breaks through the transportation limitations of the original crane. It uses the direct rotation of the pan-tilt and the movement of the spreader on the track to accurately avoid obstacles, which improves the flexibility and accuracy of transportation; the entire transportation process is fully automatic control, which combines the machinery with The combination of intelligence improves transportation efficiency and realizes the accurate transportation of multiple goods.

Use of Microsimulation Traffic Models as Means for Ensuring Public Transport Sustainability and Accessibility

This article deals with the issue of a partial problem in the sustainability and availability of public transport using the example of a specific transit node. In every public transport network, it is the transit nodes that can be a threat to the entire transport system in case of a bad design. The article presents a microsimulation traffic model of a transit node, which was created in the PTV VISSIM/VISWALK program. This model was tested by various traffic loads (i.e., normal loads, loads taking into account the extension of the tram network and loads at extraordinary sports or cultural events). As part of the evaluation of the monitored node, the movement of passengers on pedestrian areas, escalators and staircases was analysed. The obtained results demonstrate the importance of monitoring, for example, the Level of Service, average travel times and pedestrian speeds and other parameters, to ensure the functionality of this construction. The use of traffic models can be crucial, as they can be an invaluable aid and a suitable tool in finding the optimal transport solution that respects the requirements for sustainable and accessible public transport.

Application Research of Key Frames Extraction Technology Combined with Optimized Faster R-CNN Algorithm in Traffic Video Analysis

The intelligent transportation system under the big data environment is the development direction of the future transportation system. It effectively integrates advanced information technology, data communication transmission technology, electronic sensing technology, control technology, and computer technology and applies them to the entire ground transportation management system to establish a real-time, accurate, and efficient comprehensive transportation management system that works on a large scale and in all directions. Intelligent video analysis is an important part of smart transportation. In order to improve the accuracy and time efficiency of video retrieval schemes and recognition schemes, this article firstly proposes a segmentation and key frame extraction method for video behavior recognition, using a multi-time scale dual-stream network to extract video features, improving the efficiency and efficiency of video behavior detection. On this basis, an improved algorithm for vehicle detection based on Faster R-CNN is proposed, and the Faster R-CNN network feature extraction layer is improved by using the principle of residual network, and a hole convolution is added to the network to filter out the redundant features of high-resolution video images to improve the problem of vehicle missed detection in the original algorithm. The experimental results show that the key frame extraction technology combined with the optimized Faster R-CNN algorithm model greatly improves the accuracy of detection and reduces the leakage. The detection rate is satisfactory.

Shore power vs low sulfur fuel oil: pricing strategies of carriers and port in a transport chain

Abstract With the increasingly serious pollution from the ships berthing at port and the emergence of low-carbon policies, shore power (SP) and low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO) have become effective means to reduce the emissions from ships berthing in the ports. In order to analyse two emission mitigation strategies, we establish a non-cooperative game model in a transport chain consisting of a terminal and two carriers who adopt SP or LSFO strategy and obtain the equilibrium results and pricing strategies under different conditions. We observe that, when the carbon price is lower than a threshold, both carriers will choose LSFO; otherwise, both carriers will adopt SP. However, if the two carriers cooperate to maximize their total profits, they will simultaneously choose LSFO when the carbon price is lower than another threshold or choose SP when the carbon price is higher than the threshold, which will maximize the total profits of the transport chain. If the carbon price is less than the threshold, the consumer surplus will be maximized when two carriers adopt LSFO, otherwise the consumer surplus will be maximized when two carriers use SP. If two carriers cooperate to maximize their total profits, this will maximize the entire transport chain’s profits and the consumer surplus. Finally, the validity of model is verified by taking Shenzhen Port as an example.

Visualization Method for the Cell-Level Vesicle Transport Using Optical Flow and a Diverging Colormap.

Elucidation of cell-level transport mediated by vesicles within a living cell provides key information regarding viral infection processes and also drug delivery mechanisms. Although the single-particle tracking method has enabled clear analysis of individual vesicle trajectories, information regarding the entire cell-level intracellular transport is hardly obtainable, due to the difficulty in collecting a large dataset with current methods. In this paper, we propose a visualization method of vesicle transport using optical flow, based on geometric cell center estimation and vector analysis, for measuring the trafficking directions. As a quantitative visualization method for determining the intracellular transport status, the proposed method is expected to be universally exploited in various biomedical cell image analyses.

Development of an Approach to Improving the Passenger Transport Routing Scheme in a Large City

Despite high importance of mass passenger transport for ensuring mobility of urban population, the current period is characterized by a pronounced shift in priorities in implementation of measures for development of the transport system of a large city towards private transport. Along with impossibility of maintaining high rates of construction and reconstruction of the main street and road network, such a position regarding urban planning results in significant overload of almost the entire transport infrastructure of a large city. In the opinion of most experts, key measures aimed at stabilizing the transport situation in cities should comprise implementation of a policy of active development of the mass passenger transportation system. Among the issues of organizing passenger transport operation, the most interesting is the procedure for tracing routes followed by subsequent development of a rational routing scheme, since in many respects the urban passenger travel time will depend on the results there-of. Improvement of the passenger transport routing scheme, considered in relationship with development of the city’s main street and road network, will allow achieving the required level of convenience by increasing traffic flow speed. After reviewing domestic and foreign works devoted to the study of urban transportation systems, it was found that the known methods of development of passenger transport routing schemes do not fully consider the interaction of traffic flows with urban main roads. Often, experts pay insufficient attention to optimization criteria that allow a comprehensive analysis of rationality of routing schemes options. Analysis of the requirements for bus routing, the choice of priority directions for their development and convenience of movement made it possible to generalize the principles of designing routing schemes and to assign criteria for their optimization. It has been established that speed is the most significant criterion for optimizing transportation systems, considering the peculiarities of the organization of traffic flows on the road network of a large city and its transport and operational conditions. Based on the routing experience accumulated over almost a century, an approach has been developed to reasonable assignment of measures for reorganizing the routing scheme, which allows us to consider the factors that determine the technical condition of the road network and the characteristics of traffic flows. Its general idea is to connect separate links of the transport network and to sequentially develop a set of competing route options, one of which will later be included in the rational routing scheme.

Machinery used in field cultivation: a comparative economic analysis of 1979 and the present

The issues of economic efficiency of agricultural production, from tillage to harvesting crops, have always been at the forefront of the activities of agricultural organizations. Technological experts are interested in the correct formation of machine and tractor aggregates (MTA), in choosing the optimal method of MTA movement, how to properly prepare the field for the operation of one or another unit. Optimization of the transport process for the delivery of seeds, fertilizers, as well as for the transport of crops is of great importance. Agricultural transport is of particular importance when harvesting grain and forage crops, because the performance of the entire harvesting and transport complex (HTC) depends on the availability of transport. Agricultural production is based on the constant improvement of the quality of MTA, the use of more energy-rich tractors, wide-cut and combined tillage and sowing machines. Modern agricultural production implies a high energy/labor ratio. The system for maintaining technical readiness, i.e. maintenance and repair (MOT and R) is very important in the efficient use of agricultural machinery. The current state of agriculture, more than ever, requires a more thorough scientific approach to the most effective use of available agricultural equipment, to properly organize its work, to maintain optimal agrotechnical terms, which is a guarantee of an increase in gross product yields. This study analyzes the supply and purchase of the main types of agricultural machinery in the years of the 10th five-year plan (1976-1980) and in the modern period (2016-2020), the power-to-weight ratio of agriculture for these periods, the load of arable land and areas under grain crops per one tractor and one combine harvester, the operational characteristics of tractors and combine harvesters of that time (1979) and modern ones are presented. It should be noted that the problem of short-term planning of field work, identified by researchers in 1979, remains relevant at the present time.

АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ПРЕРВАННОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ ПОЕЗДОВ НА ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫХ СТАНЦИЯХ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ АДДИТИВНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

An analysis of wars and armed conflicts shows that the share of railway traffic during mobilization and operational deployment can make up from 70 to 85% of the total traffic volume, which significantly increases the requirements for the stability of the entire railway transport infrastructure [1]. In this case, the safety of railway transport infrastructure refers to the state, where there is no unacceptable risk associated with causing harm to the life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property, as well as the environment, life or health of animals and plants [2, 3]. Railway troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are intended for technical cover, reconstruction, demining and blocking of sections (objects) of the railway transport infrastructure within the area of responsibility of the Armed Forces, increasing its survivability and traffic handling capability, as well as planning guidance and operation of floating railway bridges. When reconstructing railway infrastructure facilities, management work organization and rapid recovery of interrupted train traffic are quite important. In turn, this largely depends on the preparation and decision making, which require certain engineering calculations, as well as the provision of a certain spare parts, the lack of which can be replenished through the use of additive manufacturing technology.

Coordinated Control of Distributed Traffic Signal Based on Multiagent Cooperative Game

In the adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC), reinforcement learning (RL) is a frontier research hotspot, combined with deep neural networks to further enhance its learning ability. The distributed multiagent RL (MARL) can avoid this kind of problem by observing some areas of each local RL in the complex plane traffic area. However, due to the limited communication capabilities between each agent, the environment becomes partially visible. This paper proposes multiagent reinforcement learning based on cooperative game (CG‐MARL) to design the intersection as an agent structure. The method considers not only the communication and coordination between agents but also the game between agents. Each agent observes its own area to learn the RL strategy and value function, then concentrates the Q function from different agents through a hybrid network, and finally forms its own final Q function in the entire large‐scale transportation network. The results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional control method.

Determination of risk magnitude at refusal of band conveyers frame working in the conditions of mining enterprises

Abstract. At present, due to the complexity of technical systems, industrial production is becoming a source of accidents, disasters, leading to large human and material losses, as well as to environmental pollution. In particular, this applies to conveyor systems for mining enterprises. The main causes of accidents and disasters in the conveyor transport of mining enterprises are the influence of the external environment, the reliability of equipment, as well as the level of operation. The experience of conveyor transport operating at mining enterprises has shown that a large number of accidents on conveyor belts is associated with failures of the frame. This is due to the fact that when the belt with a load moves along the conveyor frame, dynamic loads arise on the roller bearings leading to the failure of the pillow-blocks. At the same time, as the analysis of the data on operation of the belt conveyors shows, accidents that occur because of the rollers failure often lead to large material losses. These material losses are associated with the destruction of the rollers of the roller supports, as well as with the rupture of the conveyor belt. In addition, the elimination of accidents at the line of belt conveyors often lead to long downtime of the entire conveyor transport and, as a result, to a loss of its productivity. In this paper, on the basis of the theory of random Markov processes of death and reproduction, the risk rate in case of failure of the belt conveyor frame is determined by the factor of the rollers failure of the roller supports. The risk rate was determined as a mathematical expectation of the product of the probability of failures of rollers by the value of material losses caused by downtime of the conveyor and repair of roller supports. As a result, the dependence of the risk rate of failure of the belt conveyor frame on the conveyor productivity, the intensity of failures and recovery of the rollers of the roller supports, as well as on the average resource of the rollers, was obtained. It is established that with an increase in the conveyor productivity, the risk of failure of the belt conveyor becomes linear, and with a decrease in the recovery rate of the roller support, the risk increases according to the hyperbolic law. At the same time, with an increase in the failure rate of rollers, the rate of risk increases. In addition, with an increase in the resource of the rollers of the belt conveyor rollers bearings, the rate of the risk of failures of the frame decreases. It is established that the maximum rate of risk has the frame of a belt conveyor with rigid roller supports, and the minimum – the frame of a belt conveyor with shock-absorbed roller supports. Keywords: belt conveyors, frame, roller supports, risk rate.

Port Connectivity Model in The Perspective of Multimodal Transport: A Conceptual Framework

As an archipelagic country, the use of several modes or multimodal freight transport in Indonesia is indispensable. As a place of “interchanging,” Port is an essential element in a transportation system that supports a region’s economy and becomes more in the region island where incoming and outgoing goods rely on it. Port connectivity is not just about how “good” the Port is connected to the maritime transportation network and reached by regular lines services but also contributes to the entire transport network. Generally, the higher port connectivity is, the more attractive it is to facilitate cargo transportation and reduce transportation costs and time. Port connectivity is very complex, and it will be more useful if analysed from more perspective by using comprehensive analysis. This paper proposes the conceptual framework port connectivity in the multimodal perspective that sees from three aspects: maritime connectivity, connectivity of port with the hinterland, and connectivity at the Port and using the same measurement such as generalized transport cost. Analysis on various aspects will give a better understanding of port connectivity. Conceptual framework consists of three stages, the first stage is defining the definition of connectivity, seconds stage is connectivity analysis, and the last stage is synthetic of results. The importance of conceptualizing port connectivity is because there is still a lack of research on port connectivity. It is mostly analysed only on one aspect, as we know that port connectivity is very complicated. It will be more useful if analysed from a more different point of view with a comprehensive analysis.

Methodology of freight transport management in the Arctic zone of Russia with account for natural and climatic factors

The North of Russia is an important supplier of strategic materials for the industrial needs of the country and the whole world. In this regard, it is urgent to improve the efficiency of the entire transport and technological system to ensure normal living and working conditions for the population of the North of Russia and the Arctic zone. The paper describes the features and main risk factors affecting the transport and technological processes of moving essential goods. Currently, active efforts are being taken at the state level to launch projects for the development of the relevant infrastructure in the Arctic to solve problems with transport and logistics support of freight transportation. The climatic factor, which has a significant impact on the operation time of temporary transport routes, is considered the main one. For instance, in the summer, the period of navigation along the northern rivers depends on the climatic conditions. In the course of transport planning for the delivery to the northern territories (Severny Zavoz), the beginning and end of navigation can be predicted, which makes it possible to improve the transportation plans and reduce economic losses from downtime during multimodal transportation.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ЛОГІСТИКИ

The article discusses the features of digitalization in transport logistics. The main driver of modern economic development is the transport industry. Changing business models in the context of digitalization requires the formation of information networks to strengthen transport communications and to reduce transaction costs in the industry. The information network of transport logistics includes dynamic processes in the promotion of facilities and the creation of stationary communications. Corporate communications unite: vehicles and objects of movement. Digital information technologies enhance software in advanced transportation systems. Modern digital information systems provide the ability to analyze, adjust data in existing registers for various types of goods, vehicles, enterprises of dispatch and delivery of goods. This significantly increases the security of storage of such data and the protection of such information. Digital technologies are actively used in transport logistics when making certain payments for services rendered. Moreover, the payment database and the distribution of information is provided by transactional communications, which are associated with certain contracts. At delivery of cargo, as a rule, all conditions provided by contracts are fulfilled. All payment transactions are carried out on digital platforms and show high efficiency. However, the expansion of the use of digital technologies in transport logistics includes much higher potential, which provides significant efficiency of the entire transport and logistics system. Digital technologies are formed in accordance with certain requirements for such systems. A large number of transactions by mode of transport and transportation of goods, the peculiarities of transportation of goods, as well as the necessary types of packaging, storage, and include a certain array of data. Also represent data sets which allow to integrate quickly the necessary information on certain streams.A very important component is the creation of digital industry information systems, where all transactions are made in digital format and show high results. In the case of sea transport, the transport documentation is completely transferred to the electronic platform and significantly reduces the cost per unit of cargo transported. Currently, software is being developed in the maritime industry, which is associated with express mail, which completely eliminates delayed payments and loss of information at any stage of the supply network.

Ways to optimize process of modernization of trans-Siberian railway using digital economy technologies

The article discusses the issues of improving measures to optimize the process of modernizing the Trans-Siberian Railway using digital economy technologies. The digital economy provides for the implementation of a number of measures that stimulate the introduction of information and telecommunication technologies in most of the economic sectors of Russia. In the new interpretation, three components of the “Digital Economy” methodology are noted: information infrastructure of e-business, network e-business, e-commerce. All of these components are also part of the Digital Railroad Bratskoe. The railway is the backbone of the entire transport complex of the Russian Federation and is of great socioeconomic, political and defense importance. Compared to other modes of transport, railway transport is determined not only by the large value of the main economic indicators, but also by the volume of transportation work performed, both in freight and passenger traffic. The technological and economic effects from the development and implementation of digitalization projects for both freight and passenger transportation have been determined. A comparative analysis of the used services based on digital technologies was carried out for the predicted economic effect. The project “Digital Railway” was analyzed, in particular, one of the pilot projects “Digital Depot”, implemented on the basis of the service locomotive depot SLD Bratskoye. The effectiveness of this measure is difficult to fully assess due to the relatively short implementation period. The first data for calculating the technical and economic efficiency are analyzed; a forecast for the future is presented.

Прогнозування ризиків ДТП на автомобільних дорогах

The issue of road safety is particularly relevant in Ukraine because according to official statistics, every 18 weeks accidents occur on the country’s roads, and every 117 minutes a person is killed by an accident. Road traffic crashes are random events that may be subject to a certain pattern. Therefore the analysis of crash patterns, their distribution in time and space, and the identification of causes is an urgent issue that has a significant impact on the entire transport system of the country. In the presented work we considered the assumption that the distribution of crash rates is subject to a certain distribution law. Checking the compliance of a random variable with one of the distribution laws was carried out for the condition that the level of road safety expressed by the final coefficient of accidents. The use of this indicator is conditional on a wide range of traffic condition parameters being taken into account, making it suitable for use in road safety audits. The study was carried out using databases of road safety values on public roads, which are available in the Road Traffic Management and Safety Department and are periodically updated. As a result of the study of the distribution of traffic accident risks, the coincidence of the nature of the theoretical distribution of the considered values of the real (relative accident rate) and predicted levels of road safety (the final accident rate (express model)) was found. According to the obtained analytical dependences of the mathematical expectation of the occurrence of a road accident we can determine the center of accidents with a certain probability, and the variance of the lognormal distribution describes the dispersion of a random variable (the number of road traffic crashes) on a selected road section. The resulting models offer the possibility of using them to determine road crash risks on difficult and dangerous sections of public roads.

Оптимізація мережі транспорту загального користування на прикладі м. Черкаси

The article explores the possibility of optimization of the public transport network by reducing the number of duplicate routes. In the course of the research the existing network of urban passenger transport of Cherkasy and the structure of the transport fleet of motor transport enterprises providing relevant services are analyzed. The length of the different routes of the network and the intensity of their movement are determined. It has been found that the density of the public passenger transport route network (8.1 km/km2) is much higher than the normative value. The indices of duplication of each bus and trolleybus route of the network with other routes are calculated. In order to study the demand for urban passenger transportation, a population survey was conducted. A mathematical model for optimizing the movement of trolleybuses and buses on duplicate routes is constructed. The model takes into account the degree of duplication of one route by another, the percentage distribution of passengers by type of transport and the limitation of vehicles by passenger capacity. The values of the model parameters, which determine the damage to the urban environment by one run, are calculated at the tariff rates for damage to the vehicle 1 km of the city road and the emission into the atmosphere of the exhaust gas (for buses). Optimization of the Cherkasy public transport network on routes with complete duplication (coincidence of route routes of two modes of transport is not less than 75%). According to the optimization results, a new itinerary network is proposed, which provides minimal duplication of routes, which in turn will lead to reduction of the accident rate, reduction of environmental pollution and increase of the efficiency of operation of the entire transport infrastructure of the city. The implementation of the results of this study will reduce the overall economic and environmental losses of passengers and transport, which will lead to a more efficient functioning of urban transport. The constructed model can be used to plan urban traffic on new routes, as well as to construct a dual task of calculating the cost of passenger hours, provided that passenger traffic is moving with optimum intensity.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF CONTROL FOR OIL TRANSPORTATION PROCESS ON THE BASIS OF INTELLECTUAL TECHNOLOGIES

The paper considers an urgent scientific and practical task, which consists in the development of new ones. An urgent scientific and practical task is investigated, which consists in the development of new methods and methods for assessing the technical condition of oil trunk pipelines, which will provide safe automated control of the oil transportation system. It has been determined that in conditions of intensive aging of fixed assets of oil transportation systems and financial constraints, complex technical diagnostics of oil trunk pipelines becomes the most effective means of ensuring the reliability and safety of the entire oil transportation system.
 Simulation modeling is inherently complex and time-consuming process that requires many computations, including distributed ones. There are several stages of simulation modeling (MI). In the most general, enlarged form, these are the following stages: setting the problem, collecting and processing data, developing and adjusting the model, modeling, accumulating results, planning experiments, analyzing the results, documenting and storing the results. To carry out such research, various systems for the automation of imitation research (SAIS) are being created. A cloud-based approach to conducting MI, which makes it possible to simplify and unify research for the end user, to abstract the researcher from the technical features of the organization of calculations. Cloud AISI is invariant with respect to the target hardware and software. That is why the development of new and promising control and management tools based on artificial intelligence with a combination of cloud technologies is an urgent scientific and practical task, based on the results of which the main scientific problems requiring further research have been identified.

Vulnerability Assessment of the Urban Rail Transit Network Based on Travel Behavior Analysis

Vulnerability assessment plays a crucial role in the management of complex and large-scale urban rail transit networks (URTNs). Even a temporary disruption may paralyze an entire public transportation network under a cascading failure. In the terms of vulnerability of the URTN, most studies have focused on changes in URTN topological characteristics and travel costs under disturbances, thereby neglecting the impact of alternative public transportation modes on passenger flow redistribution within the URTN. Therefore, in this study, considering the impact of changes in travel costs and modes on passenger flow redistribution, a novel model is proposed to analyze the cascading failure of weighted URTNs. Furthermore, adopting the estimated operation interruption time of the station (EOITS) to characterize the system disturbance intensity, the dynamic vulnerability of the URTN is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the EOITS exerts a major impact on the vulnerability of URTNs. With increasing of EOITS, the travel behavior of passengers becomes more diverse, and the process of cascading failure in URTNs also becomes more challenging to control. This research has implications for managers in terms of implementing of protective measures to mitigate the cascading failure risk and avert extreme catastrophes.

Operation Research and Formation of the Harvesting Transport Complex of the Grain Harvesters of Foreign Production

The authors showed that the main condition for assessing the harvesting transport complex is to reduce costs during harvesting and transportation of grain crops.(Research purpose) To assess the technical and economic indicators and operational properties of foreign grain harvesters and their impact on the productivity of the entire harvesting transport complex. Based on the statistical data obtained during the information collection, to calculate the indicators that aff ect the harvesting transport complex management.(Materials and methods) The authors used statistical materials on the combine harvesters operation, transport vehicles for transportation. They took studied combine harvesters and vehicles technical characteristics. They considered the elements of the theory of probability for the formation of the harvesting transport complex. The studies were carried out simultaneously in two structural divisions of an agricultural organization, located at a distance of 19-20 kilometers from each other. Economic and statistical, forecasting, economic and mathematical modeling, expert assessments and others methods were used.(Results and discussion) The authors received 89 values for the indicator "Time to fi ll the combine harvester bunker", 45 – according to the criterion "Waiting time for vehicle loading". They calculated the mathematical expectation of the fi rst indicator: in the fi rst harvesting team for the Tucano 450 – 22.68 minutes; Mega 370 – 20.74 minutes; for a Tucano 450 from the second harvesting team – 19.24 minutes.(Conclusions) The authors revealed the features of harvesting transport complexes formation, consisting of foreign combine harvesters and vehicles. They determined the productivity, quality indicators of the technological process of threshing grain crops and yield, at which the use of foreign combine harvesters became economically feasible.

Container barge (un)reliability in seaports: A company case study at the port of Antwerp

Inland waterways and ports play an important role in the entire transport system in the Hamburg-Le Havre range, and for the seaports of Antwerp and Rotterdam in particular. The high proportion of i...