Location Of Enterprises Research Articles

Evaluation of Location Factors of Businesses by Local Authorities of Eastern Poland, with a Particular Emphasis on Spatial Policy

Abstract Conditions underlying the undertaking and developing of a business enterprise in a specific location are strictly connected to the state and any possible modifications of the spatial management in a given area, and the local government of every municipality is obliged to ensure spatial order and to manage the land resources so as to take into account their economic assets. The main purpose of this study was to identify the role of a variety of relevant factors as well as the activities performed by local governments in eastern Poland that arise from with the local policy of a municipality, the smallest unit in Poland’s administrative division, in connection with the location of business enterprises. The research enabled us to determine what activities in the domain of spatial policy are implemented by local governments and what role they play in the enhancement of economic values of a municipality. The results also helped to indicate which spatial policy factors lose and which gain importance in the context of conducting a business activity. The most important factor in terms of the location a business investment in a given area is the active implementation of the municipality’s spatial policy. The factor that gains the highest importance in the eyes of entrepreneurs is the condition of technical infrastructure.

Old and New Threats-Trace Metals and Fluoride Contamination in Soils at Defunct Smithy Sites.

The aim of this study was to investigate soil contamination with trace elements and fluoride at sites in Szczecin (NW Poland) where economic activity was historically associated with the use of trace metals. As the Polish legislation does not recognize the lasting impact of historical pollution on soils, land developers are not obliged to determine soil pollution in the new residential areas, including parks and playgrounds for children. Therefore, in this study, at the locations of defunct metalwork enterprises (smithies, foundries, chemical plants, and small metal production plants), which were closed down after World War II, we determined lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and cobalt (Co) levels in the soil. In addition, we also determined fluoride (F) levels due to the contemporary fluoride pollution in the area generated by a large chemical plant with a post-production phosphogypsum waste landfill and a power plant complex. Our results show that soil at the sites of now-defunct smithies can still act as a significant source of trace metals. Pb concentration in the surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) layers exceeded concentration thresholds for soils with first-degree pollution. The concentrations of Zn and Cu also exceeded their natural background limits. Furthermore, our research indicates an increased concentration of fluoride in surface layers of the soil; however, not exceeding the fluoride content threshold. These observations have important consequences for public health and safety because, presently, the studied sites function as housing estates and other public facilities. Therefore, contaminated soil at these sites may pose a threat to the health of local residents and should be closely monitored for trace metal contamination levels.

The Relationship Between Financial Connections and Business Performance of Private Enterprises: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms

Sample data were acquired from Chinese listed private enterprises. Then, the random effect model of panel data was used to establish a regression model of business performance and firm financial connection and examine the relationship between them. Results showed that the higher the degree of private enterprise financial connection, the worse the business performance of the enterprise. In other words, financial connection provides financing convenience, but it cannot improve business efficiency. We also classified the sample enterprises according to size and found that financial connection has a greater negative impact on the performance of small-scale firms compared with large-scale ones. Moreover, dividing the sample enterprises according to the degree of financial marketization in the location of the sample enterprises indicated that financial connection has a negative effect on the performance of private enterprises in areas with low degree of financial marketization. The classification of financial connection also revealed that non-bank financial connection exerts a greater negative impact on corporate performance than bank financial connection.

The problem of placing a two-stage production with restrictions on the capacity of the first stage enterprises

Facility location problems are a fertile ground for the development of new modelling techniques, innovative solution algorithms and exciting applications. The article describes a problem of placing a two-stage production with restrictions on the capacity of the first stage enterprises. Such problems arise, for example, in strategic planning of development of the region. The problems of optimal placement companies and identifying areas of their influence are interesting for business (allocation of warehouses, shops, service outlets, etc.) and public companies (schools, hospitals, fire stations and so forth.) The tasks of research were to construct the mathematical model for a two-stage of optimal location-allocation problem considering the restrictions on the capacity of enterprises of the first stage; to describe the solution method and to formulate an algorithm. In this paper, authors gave the mathematical model of the problem, a brief description of the solution method and algorithm. Aggregate cost of product delivery was chosen as a criterion for optimal location problem. Solving methods are based on principles of infinite-dimensional optimization and duality theory. The approach to solution of this type of problem is based on the solution of the problem of optimal partitioning set and discrete multi-stage location problem. A unified approach to solving optimal partitioning set problems lies in the conversion of the initial problems into infinite-dimensional mathematical programming problems by means of the characteristic functions, and then into the finite optimization problem using Lagrangian functional. Iterative algorithm to solve the problem has been elaborated. The algorithm combines a method of potentials being applied for classical problem of linear programming of transportation type and N.Z. Shor’s algorithm making it possible to solve optimization problem of nonsmooth function. Software product has been developed to solve two-stage problems of optimal location of enterprises with continuously resources. The results obtained by authors make it possible to solve a range of practical problems connected with strategic planning in the sphere of production, social and economic activities.

Оцінка придатності сільськогосподарських угідь вимогам органічного виробництва на регіональному та локальному рівнях облаштування території

Оцінка придатності сільськогосподарських угідь вимогам органічного виробництва на регіональному та локальному рівнях облаштування території

ECO-DEVELOPMENTAL ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE OF ENTERPRISES – RESEARCH RESULTS

Organizational culture is the primary source of changes in the organization. One of the changes is to implement a sustainable development organization that can be implemented and developed inter alia by eco-developmental organizational culture. The aim of the study is to present the results of research eco-developmental organizational culture of enterprises of Świetokrzyskie province. In this study, two hypotheses are adopted in the form of: HB (1)eco-developmental organizational culture of enterprises is based on the diversity of factors that create it and HB (2) eco-developmental organizational culture is a soft implementation of eco-development to the enterprise. The study is of a theoretical and empirical nature together with the presented copyright model resulting from the research. The presented research results in this study come from statutory research No. 614567 entitled The sustainabledevelopment triangle of the region’s development is determined by the location of enterprises, whose head was Michal Adam Leśniewski from the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce.

Core or periphery? The effects of country-of-origin agglomerations on the within-country expansion of MNEs

We show how the initial subnational entry location of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) in China influences their subsequent within-country location choices and expansion speed. We distinguish between MNEs that establish their first subsidiary in co-ethnic cores – dense agglomerations of other firms from the same country of origin – and MNEs that locate their first subsidiary in the periphery, i.e., outside of these co-ethnic cores. To identify co-ethnic cores in China, we employ a geo-visualization methodology, which draws the boundaries of cores organically and dynamically over time. We contrast our findings with the prevailing approach of using static administrative boundaries for identifying agglomerations. Our results provide evidence of path dependency, in that (a) entry through subnational locations with strong co-ethnic communities is followed by expansion into other locations where co-ethnic communities are present, and that (b) entry through co-ethnic communities accelerates the pace at which MNEs establish additional subsidiaries in China. We also find that co-ethnic community effects continue to influence within-country MNE activities over time, despite a host of economic, institutional, and investment developments.

Entrepreneurial orientation and venture performance in Ethiopia: the moderating role of business sector and enterprise location

Entrepreneurial orientation in different perspective contributes to the success of ventures differently. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the contribution of entrepreneurial orientation towards the performance of small ventures in the context of different business sectors and the location of the businesses. To achieve this objective, the primary data was obtained from a sample of 210 small firms which were selected from the central part of Ethiopia using two level multi-stage sampling. The finding of the study indicates that entrepreneurial orientation positively influences ventures performance, but it will determine more when enterprises are established in city areas and involved in the industry sector. Therefore, the owner/managers of enterprises should improve their practices of entrepreneurial orientation by introducing new lines, technologies, and market; improve workers’ participation in developing new ideas and design; and compete aggressively by taking a calculated risk. Finally, our implication for further study is that future research has to compare the transited and failed enterprises in longitudinal studies to capture the progress of entrepreneurial orientation among transited and failed firms.

Exploring financial centre networks through inter-urban collaboration in high-end financial transactions in China

ABSTRACTThis study employs social network analysis to investigate financial networks in China through collaboration between advanced producer services firms in initial public offerings. The results reveal that Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai have strategically dominant network positions, and that Beijing–Shenzhen is the most influential city dyad. Cities’ positions are explained by the advantages of both spatial and institutional proximity, defined by arm’s-length transactions to relevant partner firms and government bodies. The network hierarchy mirrors the country's political hierarchy, as network positionality is tied to the location of large state-owned enterprises, government regulators and the embedded power structures that reflect this.

МОНИТОРИНГ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ СНЕЖНОГО ПОКРОВА г. ЧИТЫ ТЯЖЕЛЫМИ МЕТАЛЛАМИ

The forms of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in the snow cover of Chita were determined. According to the numerical ecological-geochemical and sanitary-hygienic indicators, it was revealed that the city territory is characterized by an average and high level of pollution of snow cover. The main load of toxic ions accounts for the dust fraction of snow. By the dust load Pn the most unfavorable were Central (more than 12 t * km2 * day.) and East (more than 7 t·km2·day.) part of the city of Chita. This is probably due to the high anthropogenic load and the predominant direction of air masses. In addition, the relief and climatic factors that increase the retention of dust and toxic substances in the formation of dense smog are of great importance. The calculated average total load of the studied metals from the dust fraction (Zp = 76,295) corresponds to the low level of pollution, but there were also anomalies where there was a high level of this indicator. The share of water-soluble forms of pollutants does not exceed an average of 0.3% of the total amount of heavy metals. By the average value of the total load index (ZC) the share of water-soluble forms was 10.9%. However, the danger of this polluting factor is high, and when calculating the coefficient of contamination, it is necessary to dilute the melt water with clean water 84 times for fishing purposes and 15 times for economic and drinking use. For all forms of pollutants, the main sources of environmental revenues are thermal power and motor transport enterprises. A significant accumulation of toxic elements in the snow cover of Chita is associated with an unsuccessful location of the main industrial enterprises, the terrain of the territory and specific climatic conditions.

A new trapezoidal Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic entropic combined ordered weighted averaging operator and its application for enterprise location

A new trapezoidal Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic entropic combined ordered weighted averaging operator and its application for enterprise location

Does industrial land price lead to industrial diffusion in China? An empirical study from a spatial perspective

Land price is an important part of production costs of industrial enterprises, which affects the enterprise location and further affects the industrial layout. There is a lack of research into the relationship of industrial land price and industrial diffusion in China. This paper aims to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of industrial land prices and industrial diffusion scale index (IDSI). Using the spatial data of 2015, this study examines the spatial effect on the industrial land prices of industrial diffusion scale and its determinants by the Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) model. The result found that the industrial land price shows the characteristics of spatial difference of districts and counties. The industrial diffusion scale index of eight industries have a spatial positive correlation in different cities. The empirical results prove that the impacts of industrial land price on the IDSI vary across industries. The effect of industrial land price has a remarkably negative effect on industrial diffusion scale. Market potential and trade freedom have positive impacts on the IDSI, while the local deficit has a negative impact on the IDSI. Finally, according to the results obtained, the industrial layout and transfer of the manufacturing industry need to be effective guide by the reasonable land price.

Factors Determining Enterprise Location Choice in the Cities of Russia

Factors Determining Enterprise Location Choice in the Cities of Russia

Location Decision‐Making of Equipment Manufacturing Enterprise under Dual‐Channel Purchase and Sale Mode

Based on the current status of the development of equipment manufacturing enterprises, the main influencing factors and main evaluation indicators of the equipment manufacturing enterprises in the context of dual‐channel marketing are analyzed and determined. According to the organizational layout and transaction form of equipment manufacturing enterprises, the problem of equipment manufacturing enterprise location decision‐making with online channel and offline channel trading mode is divided into two categories. One is the single‐plant location decision problem, and the other is the multiplant location decision problem. In the single‐plant location decision problem, we have established the conceptual model and mathematical model. Based on prospect theory, we use multicriteria decision‐making method to quantify and standardize the evaluation index and determine the reference value, and the priority of the scheme is determined according to the final comprehensive value. In the multiplant location decision problem, we have established the conceptual model and the logical model and established the mathematical model with the goal of minimizing the cost and time. Finally, an example is given to solve the location problem of single plant and multiple plants. The feasibility of the model is proved by the solution and verification.

JUSTIFICATION OF MAXIMUM (ONE-TIME) ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, EMERGING DURING THE HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATMENT OF WOOD IN CHIPBOARD PRODUCTION, IN THE AMBIENT AIR

Results of experimental studies are reported on the substantiation of the maximum single permissible concentration (MAC maximum single) of volatile organic compounds, formed during a high temperature processing of wood in chipboard production (based on tererpene hydrocarbons), in the atmospheric air of residential areas at the level of 0.05 mg/m3. The magnitude was established on the basis of olfacto-odorimetry taking into account new approaches to the determination of «obsessive» odor thresholds as a limiting criterion for the MAC maximum single justification in accordance with the international practice of setting odor limits and our home experience gained in the standardization of odorous substances in the ambient air. The selection of priority substances for the control of the designed value (α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, camphene) was based on the analysis results of the composition of releases from a high temperature processing of wood and atmospheric air in the enterprise location area.

PERSONNEL SHIFT: WILL THE YOUTH MAKE UP FOR THE SHORTAGE OF STAFF IN THE PRODUCTION SECTOR AND AGRO-INDUSTRY

The issue of skilled workers has been debated since 2008—2009 and today it is still relevant. The paper highlights the findings of two sociological studies conducted in the Russian regions with clear sectoral specificity. The studies were based on a questionnaire survey among the students of vocational schools and expert interviews with heads of enterprises, sectoral associations, chambers of commerce and directors of vocational schools. The obtained data help to define a typical student of vocational schools as well as his/her study motivation; what sort of employment students expect to have after the graduation; why enterprises still experience difficulties making up for staff shortage; whether the business community has leant to manage their long-term staffing needs and the vocational school system has started to respond to those needs effectively. The authors show that the career choice is shaped by prospects of a well-paid job and an ability to have an easy access to education and to get professional skills within a short period of time. More than half of students agree with almost all positive statements concerning the blue-collar jobs; at the same time, two-thirds of them are aware that their working conditions might be heavy or unsafe. Though upon graduation most of respondents report to have made the right choice, few hit the fields and industrial workshops. This is caused by law salaries of the young staff and/or the enterprise location and an opportunity to get alternative careers in commerce and services. Short-term planning horizon and low profitability do not allow enterprises to estimate staffing needs and to create a pool of workforce. In turn, it misleads the vocational training system and ‘preserves’ the labor imbalances. Both the young respondents and the experts say that the situation could be improved by conducting more consistent and effective policies to support the production and the Agro-industrial Sectors.

Study on the Location and Mode of Energy and Heavy Chemical Industrial Area

In order to study the site selection and method of industrial park, the gray level evaluation method and the gray relational analysis method are applied to the site analysis of industrial park. Through the analysis of the development trend and characteristics of the industrial zone, the problems in the planning and construction of the industrial area are discussed. The concept and countermeasure of industrial area planning under the background of rapid economic development are put forward. The environmental risk management system was constructed. The organic combination of environmental risk assessment and risk management was realized. The results show that the shock wave produced by the fire and explosion of the tank has potential risks to the surrounding tanks and devices. Therefore, in the urban planning and chemical enterprise location, the accident factors must be fully considered. Taking the lethal radius as the safety distance, the location and layout of the enterprise are planned reasonably.

Logistics Solution for Choosing Location of Production of Road Construction Enterprise

The current state of construction of highways indicates that not all the resources of the construction organization are implemented and supported by the modern approaches in logistics problems solving. This article deals with the solution of these problems and considers the features of basic road linear works organization, their large extent and different locations of enterprises. Analyzing these data, it is proposed to simulate the logistics processes and substantiate the methods of transport operations organizing by linking the technology and the organization road construction materials delivery which allows one to optimize the construction processes, to choose the most economically advantageous options, and also to monitor the quality of work.

Development of Proposals for Solid Municipal Waste Landfill Placing by Example of Regions of the Far North

The sustainable development of each region, the quality of its environment depends to a great extent on the provision of environmental safety, especially in the field of waste management. The growth of industrial production in the Tyumen region and the improvement of the population social base contributes to a significant increase in production and consumption waste. The article is devoted to the problem of the emergence, recycling and utilization of an increasing amount of solid municipal waste every year. The author considers the unresolved issues of the location, processing and disposal of waste in the Nefteyugansk District, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, leading to increase in their volumes, the size of the territory they occupy, increase in the number of unauthorized landfills, intensive pollution of soils, surface and groundwaters and atmospheric air. Proposals for the placement of a comprehensive inter-municipal TKO testing ground have been developed. The most favorable territory for the location of the TKO enterprise was determined.

The Experience of Developing a Mobile Game Navigation Application for the Windows 10 Mobile Operating System

The development of mobile applications is one of the fastest improving and most important directions of the IT industry. Windows 10 Mobile is a relatively new operating system (OS), so the development of mobile applications for Windows is very prospective. The authors of the article aim to develop a mobile game application using the mobile phone navigational capabilities for getting the information about the location of state institutions, educational institutions, shops, cafes, restaurants and entertainment establishments in the city of Melitopol, as well as about the location of audiences of Melitopol Bohdan Khmelnytsky State Pedagogical University. A number of tasks are solved to develop a mobile game navigation application. Firstly, in order to study the experience of developing such programs, the analysis of existing navigation programs for the Windows 10 Mobile operating system, namely gMaps, Navitel, CityGuide, Latte Locator, is performed. Mobile application requirements for Windows 10 Mobile are analyzed. It is determined that the basic requirement for Windows 10 Mobile application is compliance of its interface to the standards of Universal Windows Platform (UWP). In addition, advanced requirements for the developing of the Windows 10 Mobile multimedia game application are formulated, such as license cleanliness, freeware, performance, intuitive interface, ergonomics, interactivity, and compliance with the universal Windows platform. Secondly, the selection of content for the publication in the program (city maps, university schemes, information about institutions and enterprises of the city, information about pedagogical university audiences) is carried out. Thirdly, the tools for developing a mobile application are chosen, in particular, Visual Studio 2017 and SDK for Windows 10. The development of a multimedia game application for the Windows 10 Mobile operating system was carried out on the Xamarin platform. As a result, the mobile game navigation application is designed. It consists of two parts: "The City Map" and "The Map of the University". The first contains the information about the location of city institutions and enterprises. The second includes the information about the audiences of Melitopol Bohdan Khmelnytsky State Pedagogical University. The article presents the stages and results of developing a mobile gaming navigation application.