Productivity Of Enterprises Research Articles

IMPACT OF CREDIT, INTEREST RATE AND INFLATION ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA

This study sought to evaluate the impact of credit, interest rate and inflation on Small and Medium Enterprises Productivity in Nigeria, using annual time series data from 1986-2023. The data for the study was sourced from the World Development Indicator (WDI) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. The data collected were gross domestic product (GDP) which is the dependent variable while commercial bank total credit to private sector (CPS), small and medium enterprises contribution to GDP (SMEC), inflation rate (INFL) and interest rate (INT) are the independent variables. Descriptive, inferential statistics and Error Correction Model (ECM) were used to test the long run relationship of the variables. The results of the regression show that credit to private sector and small and medium enterprises contribution to gross domestic product is positive and significant to economic growth. The results further revealed that inflation rate and interest rate have a negative and insignificant effect on gross domestic product. The study recommends that government should put more efforts to curb inflation to give more confident to investors and should implement measures (low interest rates) that would broaden the borrowing base to improve financial capacity of SMEs, thus lead to an increase in the contribution of SMEs to nations GDP. KEYWORD: SME, Interest rate, Inflation, GDP.

Establishing a Big Data Driver for Digital Transformation, Supplier Concentration and Total Factor Productivity in Enterprises

<>Nowadays, various industries are increasingly investing in constructing big data platforms to achieve digitalisation. Digitalisation has become a critical factor in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of enterprises. This paper explores the influence of digital transformation (DIT) on corporate total factor productivity (TFP). Based on data from publicly listed enterprises in China from 2007 to 2022, this paper demonstrates that DIT significantly improves their TFP. Supplier concentration partially mediates the relationship between DIT and TFP. Furthermore, the enterprise life cycle moderates the impact of DIT on TFP. Specifically, during the growth stage, the influence of DIT on TFP is not significant. During the maturity and decline stages, DIT positively affects the TFP. The impact of DIT on TFP is particularly pronounced in enterprises in western China, as well as in large and high-tech enterprises. The paper examines whether, how and when DIT affect TFP. The findings contribute novel evidence that strategic DIT enable enterprise to improve TFP through decreased supplier concentration. For both scholars and practitioners, this research provides valuable insights into how digital transformation can pay dividends by improving overall productivity.<>

Settler Colonial Classifications of Edibility

The pastoral economies introduced during the colonial invasion have radically transformed Australian diets, cultures, and ecosystems. Stolen land was tenured to settlers and emancipated convicts to develop profitable and productive enterprises for the British Empire. Land rights and animal care are intrinsically linked to modern food systems, yet there is a gap in Australian literature regarding the legacy of colonial pastoralism and its connection to current food systems. This essay questions how introduced species evolved to command the Australian diet. Wallabies and kangaroos were legally relegated to national emblems, and thus inedible. Their conditions of being, whether edible, iconic, or wild, were dictated by the Commonwealth Government. The taboo nature of these native marsupials leaves them largely unconsumed, and therefore, unprotected. Modern conditions of edibility are less concerned with physical metabolic matters, instead driven by historic cultural attitudes and political and economic motives. Nourishment was commodified. My research uses Tasmanian legal archives in conjunction with cookbooks and popular iconography to trace the historical legacies of foodways since the invasion. Scholarship around waste, sociology, ecology, and food justice and sovereignty are incorporated to consider how modern agricultural practices perpetuate violence against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and ecosystems. Modern agriculture affects every being on the planet, both human and more-than-human. My research goal is to encourage people to question their metabolic practices to ascertain how everyday acts of consumption implicate them within unjust systems. Though consumptive wallaby culling is legal, the industry remains privatized, and Indigenous Australians have little agency to influence how their native species are used, and who profits from their utility. By sharing these concerns with researchers from a broad range of disciplines, I hope to connect with individuals who can help to make future metabolic matters more inclusive, more ethical, and more sustainable.

Does e‐commerce infrastructure increase enterprise productivity? Evidence from China's e‐commerce demonstration city

AbstractThis study leverages the National E‐commerce Demonstration City Pilot (NEDC) as a quasi‐natural experiment in e‐commerce infrastructure development. Utilising panel data from non‐financial firms listed on China's A‐share market from 2005 to 2022, we pioneered employ a multi‐period difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach to explore the direct and indirect effects of e‐commerce infrastructure on total factor productivity (TFP). Our findings reveal that: (1) The NEDC initiative significantly enhances firm‐level TFP. This result remains robust after addressing endogeneity issues through IV‐2SLS and propensity score matching and difference in differences methods and undergoing a series of robustness tests. (2) Channels tests indicate that the NEDC policy indirectly boosts firm TFP primarily by fostering technological innovation and augmenting human capital. (3) Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the NEDC policy effectively stimulates TFP growth in state‐owned enterprises, firms with high equity concentration, manufacturing and low‐tech industry firms. The policy's impact is more pronounced in cities with high administrative levels, in the eastern and central cities, and in cities with superior traditional infrastructure. The empirical evidence provided by this study not only supports the role of e‐commerce infrastructure in driving economic growth but also offers valuable insights for bridging the income disparity between developing and developed nations, and mitigating income inequality.

Digital Transformation and Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises

Digital transformation is not only a necessary path to promote enterprise transformation and upgrading, but also one of the key paths to bridge the digital divide and achieve sustainable development. This article is based on the data of listed companies in coastal areas of China from 2011 to 2022, constructs a digital transformation index, and, on the basis of alleviating endogeneity issues, empirically finds that digital transformation has a significant positive impact on total factor productivity of enterprises through a series of robustness tests. Among them, digital transformation mainly promotes the improvement of total factor productivity through various means such as expanding the path of enterprise innovation and development, effectively constructing human capital structure, and enhancing resource allocation efficiency. The research conclusion of this article provides data support and analytical perspective for the productivity effect of digital transformation, and also provides policy reference for expanding new paths.

Expert evaluation of dual-use technical products

Subject. Progressive and accelerating economic growth of the Russian military-industrial complex needs additional extra-budgetary revenues, which can be obtained using the creation and market sale of dual-use technical products used in the military and civilian spheres. Objectives. The great number of dual technical products, and the complexity of comprehensive assessment of the possibility of their commercialization necessitates creation of special system-wide information and analytical tools. Methods. For objective economic assessment of this type of products, we developed a conceptual method based on their preliminary clustering (grouping) and systematic classification, taking into account the conditions and possibilities of commercial distribution. Results. We identified the main features of clustering and classification of dual products, i.e. the rate of obtaining additional financial profit and economic return from commercial sales, the amount of necessary investments, risky situations and uncertainties. We developed a method to evaluate their commercial and technical potential. The expert assessment of this type of products helps specify and clarify the possibilities and the most effective directions of their commercialization already at the preliminary stage of the systems analysis, identify additional methods for their further and more accurate analysis. The developed expert assessment method can be used in the military-industrial complex, and by high-tech enterprises producing civilian products. Conclusions. The proposed expert assessment of dual-use technical products will enable to develop a system regulation for performing a pre-investment assessment of future sales of technical products, increase the productivity and profitability of defense enterprises.

The effect of digital transformation on the productivity of business enterprises in South Africa

As digital technologies continue to shape the economy, countries are faced with increasing scrutiny in the use of digital transformation to aid productivity and improve performance. In South Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated Small and medium-sized businesses’ (SMEs’) uptake of digital technologies, as many businesses had to shift their operations online and adopt new digital tools and technologies to solve the challenges posed by the pandemic. This has led to an increased focus on digital transformation mechanisms among South African firms. Therefore, the study examines the effect of digital transformation on the productivity of firms using cross-sectional data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) (2020). The survey was based on firms and is a representative sample of the private sector in the South African economy and covers a wide variety of business environment themes, such as infrastructure, competitiveness, access to finance, and performance indicators. We found that digital transformation improved productivity of South African firms. Furthermore, empirical findings are reassuring robust to the IV-2SLS and quantile regression model, size of business, sectoral and provincial analysis. Finally, we recommend that policy makers should develop and implement initiatives to improve digital infrastructure, including high-speed internet access and reliable connectivity, especially in rural and underserved areas.

A GIS-based Study of The Impact of HSR Network Distribution on Firms' Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from Listed Manufacturing Firms in China

With the rapid development of the economy, enterprises are increasingly pursuing efficient division of labor and communication, and in order to achieve high-quality economic growth and sustainable development, high speed rail (HSR) has been born. Therefore, the study of the impact of HSR accessibility on the total factor productivity (TFP) of enterprises has become a hot topic of research in today's academia. In this paper, firstly, based on GIS network analysis, the routes and stations after opening are matched with the locations of enterprises to describe the spatial correlation between HSR and the locations of enterprises as well as the distribution of HSR among enterprises; secondly, a multi-period difference-in-difference model (DID) is utilized to study the impact of HSR opening on TFP of enterprises on the basis of the data of China's listed manufacturing enterprises in the period of 2000-2017; and The PSM-DID model to test the robustness of the empirical results; finally, the path of the impact of HSR on the TFP is explored. The empirical results are as follows: (1) The distribution of HSR and the location of listed enterprises are highly correlated in terms of geographic distribution information; (2) HSR has a significant impact on the TFP, and the impact effect is different in different periods; (3) HSR mainly affects the TFP of enterprises by using the innovative behavior of enterprises and industrial agglomeration as the mediating variables.

Corporate ESG and total factor productivity: Will the fulfillment of social responsibility sacrifice productivity?

With the increasing prominence of climate and energy issues, enterprises, as the micro-subjects of economic activities, need to pay attention to environmental responsibility to promote sustainable and high-quality economic development. However, one of the crucial controversies is whether enterprises will sacrifice efficiency to fulfill their environmental responsibilities. To try our best to answer the controversy, this paper explores the impact of ESG on total factor productivity and its mechanism. The research conclusion shows that Chinese enterprises fulfilling ESG responsibilities can improve staff efficiency, reduce financing costs, ease financing constraints, and increase innovation investment, thus effectively improving total factor productivity. Compared to non-state-owned enterprises, this effect is more significant in state-owned enterprises. In addition, the promotion of ESG construction on the total factor productivity of enterprises also presents specific acceleration characteristics. This shows that in the socialist market economy environment, there is an obvious "social responsibility dividend" in the implementation of the ESG concept by Chinese enterprises, which is helpful to enhance their long-term value and realize a win-win of social value and commercial value. The conclusions of this study help deal correctly with the relationship between business value and social value of enterprises and provide inspiration for promoting healthy and sustainable economic development.

Research on Green Production of the Iron and Steel Industry Based on DDF-BML Model

Although the iron and steel industry serves as the pillar industry of national economic development, the negative effects of its high emission and high pollution characteristics on the environment cannot be ignored. In order to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals at an early time and implement five priority tasks, including cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs and strengthening areas of weakness, it is urgent to realize the green production of the iron and steel industry. This paper takes listed iron and steel companies from 2016 to 2019 as research samples, and applies the two-stage Malmquist index based on the directional distance function (DDF) to measure the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of iron and steel enterprises. From macro and micro perspectives, the empirical model is used to explore the main influential factors of gtfp. The empirical results show that the overall gtfp growth rate of iron and steel enterprises is not ideal, falling behind at the end of the manufacturing industry. The promotion effect of R&D investment is limited, and the environmental carrying capacity of the production cluster area is approaching the limit. Based on the above empirical results, this paper proposes the following workable implementation path to the realization of the green production of iron and steel industry: On the one hand, the iron and steel enterprises should pay attention to improve technical efficiency, constantly improve low-carbon production process, optimize industrial layout. On the other hand, the government should guide the digital and intelligent development of the iron and steel industry and strengthen supervision to ensure the safety and stability of the supply of resources in the iron and steel industry.

The impacts of green credit guidelines on total factor productivity of heavy-polluting enterprises: A quasi-natural experiment from China

The impacts of green credit guidelines on total factor productivity of heavy-polluting enterprises: A quasi-natural experiment from China

РОЛЬ ОХРАНЫ ТРУДА В УВЕЛИЧЕНИИ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ

This article examines the impact of labor protection on the productivity and economic efficiency of enterprises. Occupational safety plays a key role in ensuring the safety and health of workers, but its impact on business processes is often underestimated. The article discusses the mechanisms through which labor protection helps increase productivity and reduce economic losses in enterprises. Key aspects include reducing the number of accidents, reducing time losses associated with injuries and illnesses, and reducing insurance premiums and wasted resources for treatment and rehabilitation. In conclusion, it is noted that labor protection not only ensures the safety of workers, but is also an important factor in increasing the competitiveness and sustainability of enterprises.

Meningkatkan Penjualan UMKM sebagai Wujud Pemberdayaan Pada UMKM Bangun Jaya Di Desa Sukaraya

Abstract The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector plays a crucial role in shaping Indonesia's economic activity and serves as a fundamental pillar of the national economy. According to Law No. 20 of 2008, MSMEs refer to productive enterprises that are owned by people or corporate entities and fulfill certain conditions. The objective of this study is to investigate the Bangun Jaya banana bread micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) in Hamlet 1 Sukaraya Village, which is overseen by Pak Nedi. The study employs qualitative methodologies to comprehensively comprehend the operations of these micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Comprehensive interviews, observation, and documentation acquired the data. The study findings indicate that Bangun Jaya's banana bread manufacturing system is commendable and sophisticated. However, there are still challenges in terms of marketing. The involvement of the Real Work Lecture team from Pelita Bangsa University enables the implementation of a more comprehensive marketing approach to boost sales of this product.

Can university-enterprise cooperative innovation promote total factor productivity? – Evidence from Chinese-listed firms

ABSTRACT Based on the patent data of university-enterprise cooperative innovation (UECI) from CNIPA and the financial data of Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2022, we find that UECI can promote the total factor productivity (TFP) of enterprises and that the average application value of each UECI patent is 29.07 million yuan, and confirm the robustness of our conclusions using the instrumental variables method, system GMM and the Heckman two-step method. The results of the mediation analysis show that UECI promotes the TFP of enterprises through three channels: alleviating financing constraints, attracting more knowledge workers and increasing the innovation efficiency of the enterprise. UECI can build alumni linkages between universities and enterprises, expand financing channels and attract more university students to join the company after cooperation, thus increasing their workers’ overall education level. UECI can also enable the firm to emulate academics how to innovate more effectively. Heterogeneity analysis shows that UECI can lead to a higher TFP improvement for enterprises in the leasing and business service industry and scientific research and technology service industry, which are 97 and 3 times higher than the baseline regression, respectively.

Has environmental protection tax reform promoted green transformation of enterprises? Evidence from China.

Facing the increasingly stringent constraints of resources and the environment, the green transformation of enterprises is imperative. This study selects A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2014 to 2021 as samples, using the difference-in-differences method to examine the impact of the environmental protection tax reform (EPTR) on the green transformation of enterprises. The results indicate that the EPTR can promote the green transformation of enterprises, achieving this through three channels: raising the cost of pollution, strengthening the rigidity of law enforcement, and breaking the collusion between the government and enterprises. Notably, this promotional effect is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises, companies in the eastern and western regions, firms with low financing constraints, and those with high media attention. Further analysis shows that the EPTR has a positive impact on the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of enterprises, which implies that enterprises are not only proactively pushing for a green transformation at the strategic level but also taking practical actions. This study responds to the problem of the greening of tax system to promote the green development of enterprises from two aspects of enterprise strategic implementation and productivity and explores the impact mechanism from the perspective of institutional logic. It enriches the research on the effectiveness of the EPTR at the micro-level and broadens the research perspective on the impact mechanisms of environmental regulation. The findings of this study provide references for further optimising relevant policies and regulations and also offer insights for other countries and regions seeking sustainable development.

Market center of gravity shift and technological innovation of local firms-evidence from China

ABSTRACT This paper uses the combined data from three micro-databases, namely, China Industrial Enterprise Database, China Customs Database and China Patent Database from 2000 to 2014, to examine the impact of market center of gravity shift on the technological innovation of local enterprises and the empirical results show that: The market center of gravity shift is conducive to improving the local enterprises’ innovation level. The mechanism test shows that the change of market center of gravity promotes the technological innovation of local enterprises by increasing enterprise productivity, stimulating the exit mechanism of market competition, and enhancing the degree of industrial agglomeration.

The Government's fiscal and taxation policy effect on enterprise productivity: Policy choice and optimal allocation

Based on a thorough exploration of the mechanisms by which fiscal subsidies and tax incentives influence enterprise productivity, this research conducts an empirical analysis, leveraging a detailed micro-database of Chinese industrial enterprises spanning from 1998 to 2012, and applies a fixed-effect methodology to rigorously evaluate the effects of these fiscal and tax policies. The findings of this research indicate that: (1) On average, both fiscal subsidies and tax incentives help to increase the productivity of Chinese enterprises. Regarding the impact of individual policies, it is discerned that the stimulative influence of tax incentives surpasses that of fiscal subsidies in terms of promoting enterprise productivity. This conclusion is still valid after the robustness test. (2) By examining the heterogeneous characteristics of the city's administrative hierarchy, industry factor intensity, and enterprise ownership, it is found that the “productivity effect” of fiscal subsidies in municipalities is the largest, and the “productivity effect” of tax incentives in prefecture-level cities is the largest. The productivity of capital and labor-intensive enterprises benefits most from fiscal subsidies. There is little difference in the impact of tax incentives on the productivity of enterprises across various industries. Considering the aspect of enterprise ownership, it is observed that private enterprises leverage fiscal subsidies and tax incentives more effectively than state-owned enterprises to enhance their productivity. (3) There are synergy effects between fiscal subsidies and tax incentives in promoting enterprise productivity. The government can maximize corporate productivity by allocating tax incentives and fiscal subsidies at a ratio of 3.12:1.

Can ESG ratings promote green total factor productivity? Empirical evidence from Chinese listed companies

Against the backdrop of frequent extreme climates and international consensus on green and low-carbon development, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has progressively drawn increasing attention. Integrating the perspectives of stakeholder theory and signaling theory, this study employed the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index, fixed-effects regression model, mediating effect model, propensity matching score difference-in-differences model, and a two-stage least squares method. Using the research sample of Chinese A-share listed companies between 2011 and 2021, the mechanisms linking ESG ratings and each component (the individual scores of E, S, and G) with the green innovation and green total factor productivity (GTFP) of enterprises were investigated. This study conducted heterogeneity analysis integrating regional, industry, and enterprise dimensions, fully considered the potential endogeneity issues, and conducted multiple robustness tests by exploring alternative approaches, replacing the measures of indicators, and reducing the research sample. The results demonstrated that higher ESG ratings significantly improved the green innovation and GTFP of enterprises. This improvement was achieved through the stakeholders and signaling mechanisms, and was more prominent in economically underdeveloped regions, patent-intensive industries, and industries with lower environmental risk. In addition, the impact varied among enterprises with different property rights. The findings elucidate the pathways through which soft regulation influences micro-level corporate decision-making, making significant contributions to the literature. Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical foundation and policy reference for constructing a positive feedback loop mechanism for ESG ratings and promoting the green transformation and upgrading of enterprises.

أهمية التأثير البشري في تقييم الحالة البيئية للمدن في أوزبكستان (منطقة نافوي كحالة للدراسة)

يعتبر إنشاء سلسلة من الخرائط ، وتجميع المؤشرات البيئية ، وتقييم الحالة البيئية للمدن من المهام البحثية وثيقة الصلة بالموضوع. إن تزايد عدد السكان في المدن ، وإنشاء العديد من المؤسسات الصناعية والإنتاجية ، واستخدام المركبات ، كلها عوامل تساهم في تدهور البيئة. منطقة نافوي هي وحدة إدارية شابة تقع في وسط أوزبكستان. أما فيما يتعلق بالتنمية الصناعية فمنطقة نافوي هي الأولى بين الوحدات الإدارية في الجمهورية. يشكل الإنتاج في مدنها ، وخاصة الإنتاجية العالية للمؤسسات الصناعية الثقيلة ، والمشاكل البيئية بأشكال مختلفة بسبب الضغط البشري على البيئة الطبيعية ، وصحة السكان - الأمهات والأطفال وكبار السن - تهديدًا خطيرًا. نتيجة للضغط البشري المرتفع ، تتناقص المساحات الخضراء النظيفة بيئيًا. تحتل حصة صغيرة جدًا مقارنة بالمساحة الإجمالية. وهذا بدوره يمكن أن يسبب ضغوطًا بيئية في المدن الإقليمية الواقعة في المناطق القاحلة ، ويسبب فقدان المساحات الخضراء. إن توقع مثل هذه العواقب ومكافحتها أمر مهم بشكل خاص اليوم. تحلل هذه المقالة الظروف البيئية في منطقة نافوي ومدنها ، بالإضافة إلى العامل الأكثر أهمية الذي يؤثر عليها ، التأثيرات البشرية. تم تصنيف الأراضي لمنطقة المدينة بالإضافة إلى الاقتراحات والتوصيات. لهذا ، قمنا بتحليل وتجميع التصنيف الهيكلي لمنطقة المدن الإقليمية. نتيجة لأبحاثنا ، يمكننا أن نرى أن المخاطر البيئية عالية. في هذه المقالة ، تتم تغطية المعلمات الرئيسية للدراسة بحسابات دقيقة.

The Impact of Carbon Emissions Trading on the Total Factor Productivity of China’s Electric Power Enterprises—An Empirical Analysis Based on the Differences-in-Differences Model

Based on the panel data of China’s listed electric power enterprises, this paper adopts the differences-in-differences model to empirically analyze the pilot policy of carbon emissions trading’s impact on the total factor productivity of power enterprises in 2013. The study finds that the carbon trading pilot policy has a significant positive effect on the total factor productivity of power companies, and the two possible impact mechanisms are external cost compensation and additional income, and internal low-carbon technology innovation and resource allocation optimization. The conclusions above have been further confirmed by the parallel trend test and robustness test. The heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that there are differences in the regression results between state-owned enterprises and nonstate-owned enterprises. The possible reason is that state-owned enterprises are more likely to be affected by the carbon emissions trading system, and their asset-heavy model puts greater pressure on carbon emission reduction. Therefore, their demand for low-carbon technology innovation is more urgent; areas with stricter carbon emission verification are more sensitive to the implementation of carbon trading, and a reasonable increase in carbon verification can make the carbon trading market more effective. Based on the research results, this paper proposes to speed up the improvement of the national carbon trading market system, enhance the diversity and richness of the main market, improve the liquidity of the carbon trading market, broaden financing channels for electric power enterprises, and improve the carbon market supervision mechanism.