Mimicking the unique structure of biological tissue and energy dissipation mechanism of biology, various damping materials have been fabricated to provide impact protection. Utilizing the viscoelasticity of polymers around glass transition temperature, polymer materials generally are used as damping materials. However, it is still a great challenge to tailor the energy dissipation capacity and working temperature of damping materials. Here, we report an approach to adjust the energy-dissipation performance of polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene (SBS) triblock polymer materials by incorporating distinct hydrogen-bonding moieties on the side groups of polybutadiene soft segment. The hydrogen bonding moieties reinforce the interaction between polymer chains and significantly improved the energy-dissipation capacity of SBS elastomers. Especially, when carbamate moieties are incorporated on the soft segment of SBS and SBS-U-2 is afforded. The hydrogen bonds deriving from carbamate moieties significantly increase the viscoelasticity of SBS-U-2 and provide excellent energy dissipation capacity. The current work provides a facile approach to fabricate damping materials based on engineering polymeric materials.