English Sports Research Articles

Linguistic Features and Translation of English Sports News

Abstract Sports, as one symbol of social civilization, are indispensable to our social and cultural life. Nowadays, with the development of society and the economy, sports news occupies a significant place in our daily lives and has aroused people’s attention. English sports news, as a kind of special news style, has the characteristics of news style but also presents its unique language features. This paper tries to analyze the linguistic features of English sports news with vivid examples of vocabulary and sentences. It includes five parts. The first part introduces the origin and development of English sports news. The second is the literature review, which introduces previous studies on English Sports News and its translation. Then, the third and fourth parts study the linguistic features and translation of English sports news with vivid examples. Lastly, the fifth part is the conclusion, which summarizes the linguistic features of English Sports News and gives several translation principles. For instance: faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance; literal translation, and free translation. Keywords: English sports news; linguistic features; translation methods

Borrowings of english sports terms in the karakalpak language: a linguistic analysis

The phenomenon of lexical borrowing is a significant aspect of language evolution, reflecting the cultural and societal interactions between communities. This study examines the borrowings of English sports terms in the Karakalpak language, focusing on the linguistic adaptations and semantic shifts that occur during the process. Through a comprehensive analysis of borrowed terms, their usage patterns, and socio-cultural contexts, this research sheds light on the dynamics of language contact and the influence of global sporting culture on minority languages such as Karakalpak. Data was collected from various sources including sports events, media, and interviews with native speakers. The findings reveal intriguing linguistic phenomena and contribute to our understanding of language contact and lexical innovation in multilingual environments.

Substantial variability exists in the interpretation of survey radiographs among equine veterinarians.

Radiographs are a common diagnostic tool utilised during pre-purchase examinations, yet differences surround their interpretation among equine veterinarians. (1) To determine veterinarians' subjective impressions of a spectrum of radiographic abnormalities regarding suitability for purchase; (2) To determine how veterinarians' years in practice, primary discipline or board certification status influence their subjective impression of radiographic abnormalities, and (3) To determine how horses' discipline, current level of work (working at intended level vs. future prospect) and buyer intent (sell vs. retain ownership) influence veterinarians' subsequent recommendation. Worldwide electronic survey of veterinary professionals. Four radiographic series of navicular bones, tarsi, and stifles, representing varying degrees of pathological change (normal, mild, moderate and marked) were presented. Respondents (n = 211) graded their level of concern from 1 (no concern) to 10 (very concerned) based on the radiographs and case scenarios presented. Overall, as the grade of pathological change increased for each anatomical location, so did the level of veterinarian concern, but a wide range of answers were submitted for all grades of pathology. Board certified practitioners had a higher level of concern over marked radiographic changes of the navicular bone for both western performance and English sport horses as well as prospect horses (mean = 7.2 vs. 6.1; P = 0.009; 95% CI for difference = [0.3, 2.0]). Board certified respondents had a lower level of concern over marked radiographic changes of the tarsus regardless of the performance status of the horse (mean = 7.1 vs. 8.0; P = 0.008; 95% CI for difference = [-1.5, -0.2]). Western performance horse practitioners had a lower level of concern over mild radiographic changes of the tarsus regardless of the performance status of the horse (mean = 3.3 vs. 4.2; P = 0.009; 95% CI for difference = [-1.6, -0.2]). Only one example of each pathological grade per anatomical region was presented. On survey radiographs, the perceived clinical relevance of radiographic abnormalities among equine practitioners differs widely, making purchase recommendations highly variable.

Significance of Discourse Markers in Sport Translation

This study addresses the topic of discourse markers (hence after DMs), which serve various functions in connecting different parts of discourse. These markers play a role in indicating shifts, linking ideas, expressing attitudes, changing topics, initiating and concluding conversations.
 The significance of DMs arises from their pragmatic functions, which go beyond literal meanings. The objective of this study is to shed light on the functions of these markers in both English and Arabic, and elucidating how English DMs are translated into Arabic.
 To verify these objectives, the study proposes several hypotheses: First, there are no significant differences in the use of DMs for pragmatic purposes between English and Arabic. Second, these functions can be translated into Arabic. Third, DMs are oriented towards communication, relying more on their functions than their literal meanings, thus favoring a communicative-based translation approach.
 To achieve the aforementioned aims and test the hypotheses, the study selects three texts from English sports written discourse, sourced from the CNN website. These texts are then translated by ten M.A. students. The translations are analyzed to examine how the students render the DMs into Arabic.

ENGLISH SPORTS TERMS IN THE FIELD OF BODYBUILDING AND FITNESS WITH AN ETHNONYMIC ELEMENT

Introduction. The official number of sports disciplines is permanently increasing, and that very fact causes the need to codify new lexical items as well as the existing ones to be periodically verified and edited. The purpose of the present paper is to represent a list of sports terms in the field of bodybuilding and fitness with an ethnonymic element as well as to give some additional information about their etymology, to prepare an analysis of their structure, to give examples of peculiarities in their usage, if any. Background and motivations. Such terms with an ethnonym as a part of their structure may be observed in various kinds of sports, but the logical connection between the action and the name of a particular nation is usually and surprisingly not obvious at all, especially for the ordinary people for whom such lexical items are not a part of their everyday vocabulary. Methodology. The main methods used in the article are the data excerption comparative and structural analyses of the researched examples. The expected results foresee the description and etymology of the analyzed English sports terms spread today in different classic or modern sports disciplines.

Borrowings of english sports terms in Karakalpak

Borrowings of english sports terms in Karakalpak

The Translatability of Sports Metaphors in Political News

The present study investigates the difficulties and problems in deciphering the figurative meaning of English sports metaphors that appear in political news and, more specifically, in US presidential campaigns and their Arabic equivalents when they are under the detailed scrutiny of translation. In order to highlight the problem under discussion, the study explores the translation of some sports metaphors in their original context of use. Several English sports metaphors from different sports fields are collected randomly from British and US online newspapers with their possible equivalents in Arabic that are used in comparable texts that report the same topic. This comparative study focuses on the different strategies that are followed in rendering English sports metaphors in Arabic online newspapers. The researcher employed an empirical, descriptive and analytical approach where sports metaphors are described and classified. Their translations on online Arabic newspapers are also discussed and examined. The analysis will be based on the conceptual metaphor framework proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1984). Thus, it will be important to assess the conceptualized experiences across different cultures, particularly between English and Arabic, in this study. The findings reveal that English sports metaphors pose a metaphorical and cultural threat to the Arab translator, who might be tempted to translate them literally in case s/he fails to understand their hidden meaning. Producing accurate translation equivalents for these items cannot be achieved without knowing their metaphorical senses and the ability to provide natural and acceptable equivalents in the target language. The aim is to create a similar impact on the target language audience.

Evaluation of an experiment to increase availability of healthier snack foods in vending machines situated within English sports facilities.

To evaluate the impact of increased availability of healthier options on purchasing of different types of vending snack products sold in English leisure (sports) centres. An evaluation of an intervention using pre-post methods and interrupted time series analysis. Products within the vending machines were altered over three phases to increase the availability of healthier options, using agreed nutrition criteria - Government Buying Standards for Food and Catering Services (GBSF) for England - as a guide, as well as product availability. The primary outcome was the change in mean weekly purchased energy between the first and third phase. Secondary outcomes included changes by phase and by week in weekly number of purchases, fats, sugars and salt for all products combined and by individual product categories. Fifteen sports centres in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK. Snack products sold in eighteen vending machines. Energy purchased reduced from baseline to phase 2, for all product categories combined, by 47·25 MJ (95 % CI (-61·22, -33·27)) per machine and by 279 kJ, (95 % CI (-325, -266)) per product unit. There were reductions in most nutrients purchased in all individual product categories except chocolate confectionery. Nutrients per product unit decreased for all product categories except saturated fat in chocolate confectionery. Minimal underlying trends in the baseline phase were identified, indicating changes in outcomes were likely to be due to the intervention. Introducing standards to increase availability of healthier snack products in vending machines is feasible without substantially affecting sales.

Umpires, Referees, Judges and Stewards: Changing Modes of Judgment and Arbitration in English Sport c.1600–c.1900

This paper explores the way arbitration approaches developed through the first four stages of rule development, focusing in turn on the ways the popularity of wagering first created more need for formally signed ‘articles of agreement’ for each match, and then the inclusion of arbitration and judgement methods in the emerging early forms of rules. It then shows the way various official roles evolved over time alongside broader rule developments: the need for ‘umpires’ in cricket, pugilism, and some other sports; the role of ‘tryers’, ‘judges’ and ‘stewards’ in horse racing; arbitration through expertise, experience, and status in cockfighting; and the rare attempts to take appeals beyond the immediate game. It then explores how these official roles developed from the early nineteenth century onwards, as national organizations grew in power, and how a new role, the neutral ‘referee’, was created to arrive at a solution when umpires or others disagreed. Changes in later nineteenth-century rugby and soccer illustrate the way the then new forms of football followed earlier processes in moving towards more neutral forms of arbitration.

A Study on Sports Advertisement Translation from the Perspective of Skopos Theory

With the study of Skopos theory, the paper searches for the translation strategies of sports advertisements. Based on the study of language characteristics of sports advertisements, the paper compares the linguistic differences between Chinese and English sports advertisements. This paper briefly discusses some problems of sports advertisement translation. By analyzing the translation strategies adopted by different translators, the paper attempts to find appropriate solutions to problems of translating. These solutions touch on four aspects, including adherence to Skopos theory, respecting foreign cultures, mastering the linguistic features of sports advertisements in English and Chinese, and achieving the function of communication. The paper draws the following conclusions: there are differences and similarities between Chinese and English sports advertisements. Translators can choose different methods to overcome cultural and linguistic barriers with the guidance of Skopos theory. Moreover, the Skopos theory is the best way to assess the quality of translation.

Injury surveillance in English youth basketball: A 5-season cohort study to inform injury prevention strategies

ObjectivesDescribe the injury risk of English youth basketball, comparing game versus training injury incidence and burden. Design5 season (2013/14-2018/19) prospective cohort study. SettingBasketball academy at an English sports college. ParticipantsMale basketball players (n = 110, mean age; 17.3 ± 0.9 years). Main outcomes measuresDescriptive data regarding game and training injury incidence (injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (AE)) and burden (severity x incidence) are provided with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Rate ratios (RR; 95% CI) were used to compare outcome measures, with results statistically significant if the 95% CI did not pass 1.0. ResultsFifty-four injuries were sustained during 13,350-AE (1666 games, 9684 training). Game injury incidence (12.0/1000-AE, 95% CI 6.7–17.3) was significantly greater than training injury incidence (2.4/1000-AE, 95% CI 1.4–3.3; RR = 5.1, 95% CI 2.8–9.2). Games had a significantly greater injury burden (216 days absence/1000-AE, 95% CI 121-311) than training (62 days absence/1000-AE, 95% CI 37-88; RR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.9–6.3). The ankle was the most injured body location (37%), whilst over 50% of injuries occurring through contact mechanisms. ConclusionThis study is the most comprehensive description of injury epidemiology in English youth basketball to date. This information can inform evidence-based injury prevention strategies to mitigate risk in this population.

Strategies in Translating English Sports Terms into Indonesian in Official Volleyball Rules

Since most sports in Indonesia are imported products from other countries, it has resulted in a large number of Indonesian sports terms that are derived from other languages. This includes volleyball which originated in the United States. Therefore, a lot of volleyball terms in Indonesian are derived from English. This research focuses on the translation of sports terms from English into Indonesian in the translation of FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2017-2020 into PBVSI Peraturan Resmi Bolavoli 2017-2020. Its aim is to identify the strategy used by the translator to find out how sports terms are translated from English into Indonesian. The research shows that three of Chesterman’s translation strategies, namely syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic strategies are used in the translation of Official Volleyball Rules from English into Indonesian. Of all 30 strategies from loan to other pragmatic strategies, 10 of them are used in the translation. The most frequently used strategies are unit shift, distribution change, loan, and calque. Meanwhile, the least used strategies are clause structure change, abstraction change, paraphrase, and cultural filtering.

Beyond the rainbow: a discourse analysis of English sports organisations LGBT+ equality diversity and inclusion policies

ABSTRACT LGBT+ issues and advocacy are becoming more considered in various policies throughout society. However, sport is often described as a resistive space to such policies. This paper examines the effectiveness of current LGBT+ equality policies within English sports organisations. Specifically, 188 National Governing Body (NGB) policies were reviewed as well as 67 policies from other relevant organisations. We utilised a Foucauldian discourse analysis to identify the dominant narratives within the policies. From our analysis, we suggest that what is explicit throughout the policies is a partial stasis. This stasis takes the form of organisations gesturing towards change but failing to implement it concretely in their policies. We describe this process using the concept of ‘equality-proofing’ where just enough is done by organisations to gesture towards change or equality. Finally, recommendations for future policy praxis are considered.

СПОРТИВНАЯ ЛЕКСИКА В АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОМ ПРЕДВЫБОРНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

The article deals with interaction (in the period of presidential races in the USA in 2016 and 2020) between English sports and pre-election discourses at pragmatic and stylistic levels as well as in the aspect of communicative strategies used. Strategies of pre-election discourse are investigated in terms of their impact on the text perception. The author concludes that sports vocabulary gives the image of a sports competition to pre-election campaigns achieving this by stylistic and pragmatic means that are used in accordance with syntactic communicative strategies, which may be represented by the strategies with a focus on the rheme superposition and non-inherent theme.

A Pragma-contrastive Study of Hyperbole in English and Arabic Sport Commentaries

A Pragma-contrastive Study of Hyperbole in English and Arabic Sport Commentaries

“You only go from what you know”: the reproduction, resistance and evolution of gendered recruitment and selection processes in English sport governance

Within this article I draw upon Bourdieu’s theory of practice to explore the extent to which recruitment and selection processes within two English national governing bodies of sport (NGBs) reproduce or resist dominant gender power relations that privilege men and masculinity. I present and analyse findings collected through a multi-method qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews with female and male leaders and participant observation. I found that some processes aligned with existing research in the field, while others demonstrated evolving practices that have not previously been reported within the literature. This provided a chance to analyse why some gendered practices continue to be reproduced and/or resisted across different spaces, places, and times, as well as assess the extent to which changing practices are positively impacting upon gender equity within the leadership and governance of the two organisations. Whilst there were different findings across the two NGBs linked to differences in their histories, structures, and resources, I highlight the requirement for the implementation of innovative ways to transform androcentric organisational patterns of value that continue to impede gender equity within sport leadership and governance.

Classification in sport: A question of fairness

ABSTRACT Competitor classification schemes have been a part of sport since its origins. Eligibility criteria have developed towards inclusion and increasing diversity. The pool of competitors has expanded from the ancient Olympic Games, eligible only to free Greek men, via nineteenth-century English sport favouring primarily the upper class of so-called gentlemen amateurs, to the current global and diverse pool of men, women, children, and able-bodied as well as disabled persons. Hence, the challenge of sound classification schemes has increased. This article examines the principles of fair classification of athletes. With the help of normative theory as well as practical examples, a fair equality of opportunity principle for sport (FEOPs) is formulated. It is demonstrated how sound classification schemes combine the normative backing from FEOPs with relevant scientific insights. Current classification challenges and possibilities for change are discussed. It is suggested that in several sports, biological sex classes can be abandoned, and that in some sports, sex classes can be replaced by body size classes. It is argued, too, that sports in which body height exerts a significant and systematic impact on performance should classify accordingly. In the final part, classification is discussed in light of new techno-scientific possibilities, among them the possibility of innovative performance-enhancing prosthetics.

Representation of the Phenomenon of Body Positivity in English Sports Advertising Discourse

The aim of the research is to study the phenomenon of body positivity in sports advertising discourse using advertising posters in English-speaking countries (Great Britain, USA, Australia). The study is based on sports advertising messages (157 images) published in periodicals, as well as placed in the form of posters and banners over the period from 2015 to 2020. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the interdisciplinary approach to the study of the phenomenon of body positivity in relation to the modern English social advertising discourse. As a result of the research, specific implementation and representation features of the phenomenon of body positivity in the English sports advertising field have been revealed, as well as peculiarities in their perception by representatives of the English-language linguistic culture.

Forms of competition in proto-modern eighteenth-century English sport: a tentative typology

ABSTRACT Scholarship on sporting competition during the eighteenth century has been lacking, and its socio-cultural context is not yet widely understood. This paper moves consideration of sporting competition back to this important period of sporting ‘proto-modernity’. It begins by setting it clearly in its cultural context, showing how while eighteenth-century English sporting culture gained increased elements of commonality, it was always differentiated by local, regional and sport-specific variations. It was increasingly commercialised, and linked to increased associativity and the popularity of wagering. The paper then attempts to build a tentative typology of the various forms of sporting competition then emerging, such as matches between two individuals, animals or groups; competitions where several individuals competed alongside each other to get a winner; elimination, knockout, or sudden death competitions; practice matches, unofficial competitions in which the aim was to prepare for future matches; the importance of challenges; the growing popularity of championships; and other aspects of competition. Finally, it provides a sense of the key changes and continuities in pre-and post-eighteenth-century competition to allow a sense of comparison.

Flouting apartheid rules: Stanley Matthews and South African football, 1955–1988

ABSTRACT The successes recorded against apartheid sport are lauded and celebrated. These remain a touchstone for progressive social change and are considered a model for contemporary action. This paper uses Sir Stanley Matthews as a case study of an English sports superstar and household name across the footballing world, who benefitted from apartheid but also vacillated and seemingly opposed the system. Autobiographies, biographies, contemporary accounts and films all suggested that he challenged the status quo, while this article contends the opposite. More broadly, this article argues that while the struggle against apartheid sport recorded significant victories, a reassessment of international sports contact during this period is necessary. By carrying out such a reassessment, a more layered, nuanced and complex understanding is possible.