English Loanwords Research Articles

LEKSIČKA SREDSTVA ZA ISKAZIVANjE NESLAGANjA SA SAGOVORNIKOM U DRUŠTVENIM MEDIJIMA

The aim of this paper was to analyze the arguments in debates on the top- ic of popular science in Serbian language. More precisely, we intended to focus on popular science approach to linguistic topics by investigating comments on social media platforms and discussions on a very popular website. The corpus encompasses numerous messages posted on Instagram (account: Dnevna doza pravopisa [A daily dose of orthography]) and Facebook (group: Jezičke nedoumice [Linguistic dilemmas]), as well as discussions on the website Krstarica (forum: Jezik [Language]). A lexical analysis of a specific type of com- ments was performed; namely, those expressing a broad spectrum of negative attitudes, from disagreement to abuse. Both competent and incompetent participants take part in the discussions on Serbian language, with the aim of promoting linguistic knowledge and its application, as well as of expressing dilemmas and personal opinions about linguistic issues. With regard to lexical devices, the most frequent are English loanwords, obscenities and jargonisms, as well as insulting words, mostly in the form of a lexical metaphor.

Phonological Account of English Loanwords Adapted by Qunfudhah Arabic Dialect Speakers (QAD)

Phonological Account of English Loanwords Adapted by Qunfudhah Arabic Dialect Speakers (QAD)

THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN NGO-S ON FOSTERING ENGLISH AS THE OPPORTUNITY LANGUAGE - CHALLENGES AND TRENDS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

In the last decade, many studies have focused their attention on the status of English in different countries, world English(es), and the usage of English. Nevertheless, none of the study was conducted in Kosovar context in the Balkan’s, although the position of English in Kosovo is extremely important. Therefore, this paper aims to review other studies and to shed light on the abovementioned issue by discussing and reflecting on national, historical, social, political, educational, cultural, and economic issues that contribute to the use of English language in everyday Kosovar lives. Taking into consideration historical points of views, the English-speaking counties’ impact in Kosovo’s independence, the high level of penetration of English loanwords, and Kosovars’ aspiration to accept and integrate these loanwords, it can be understood the high regard for English language among Albanian/Kosovar society which has also affected the everyday communication and lexis in different fields which is evident in different group ages, especially young adults. However, educational factors play the most important part in English learning. The institutional support in enhancing pedagogical practices, continuous teacher training programs, provision of desired books, native teacher mobility are considered to be the main factors that contribute to authentic English language acquisition.

English Loanwords Adaptation and Substitution Process in Lasi

Loanwords often go under the adaptation process with native words. In loanwords adaptation, phonology has a vital role. The loanword phonology highlights more features in a particular language. The phonological pattern of loanword phonology is novel. It is the reflection of native phonology. The English loanwords are adapted in the Lasi. This paper addresses the questions: Which sounds are substituted in Lasi? and How substitutions with English loanwords occur in Lasi? The data are collected through observation and interviews. Optimality Theory is used for data analysis and presentation. It is the most used framework in the current era. Optimality Theory is used by Ito and Mester (1995, 1999), Davidson and Noyer (1996) Broselow (2004), and other constraint-based approaches by Paradis and LaCharité (1997), LaCharité and Paradis (2005) as well as Crawford (2007). Towards the end, it has been seen that an English loanword and its Lasi counterpart have a different structure, they are adopted and used by Lasi speakers in different ways, in their own style. Lasi natives prefer one feature-changing rule for ease of pronunciation. In English, loanwords adaptation terminal devoicing, continuant feature, retroflexion, and palatalization are common. Lasi natives prefer unmarked constraints in adaptation. These words are pronounced according to Lasi phonological pattern. It can be claimed on the base of the inputs and outputs that Lasi adapts English loanwords according to it is own pattern. The substitution processes take place while changing one feature. Substitutions have been occurred from marked to unmarked. The preference for a distinct features is given to the unmarked features. So, the process of lenition occurs in Lasi English loanwords. It is common that languages always prefer unmarked as compared to markedness. So, the same rule has been followed by Lasi.

Phonological Adaptation of English Loanwords by Urdu Speakers

The purpose of this study is to discuss the common phonetically altered English loanwords used by Urdu speakers. A set of three hundred words was analyzed for phonological alterations. The areas of technology, automobile registration, entertainment, and politics contained the most high-frequency loanwords. Through this study, it is found that the native tongue significantly impacts how English loanwords are pronounced. Most frequently, they substitute / Ə/ for / ʊ/ in the final syllable (c+ Ə +c). Moreover, in English syllabic consonants, an insertion of the/ʊ/ vowel was detected after the appendix /s/, and // epenthesis were found at the beginning of the word with a group of consonants /s/. Furthermore, the vowels /ae/ and /o/ have been substituted for the diphthongs /a/ and /Ə ʊ / respectively, while /ɔ: / and /σ/ have been replaced by the vowel /a/. Four English consonants, /θ, ð, w, and ʒ/ and /, are not used in Urdu and are replaced by /tʰ, and dʰ, v, j/, respectively.

“A Study on the Use of English Loanwords in a TV Drama: Analyzing the Drama ”.

“A Study on the Use of English Loanwords in a TV Drama: Analyzing the Drama ”.

Meaning-construction in everyday bilingualism. On the language attitudes of Hungarian-speaking youth in Romania

In our presentation we will examine the diversity of linguistic attitudes of Hungarian speakers in Romania. Although there are several definitions for this concept from psychology and linguistics, linguistic attitudes are generally understood as the value judgments and attitudes that individuals form on the basis of their language socialization, language use and learning experience, in relation to languages, language varieties and language expressions. In our present research, we wanted to find out the speakers’ value judgments about the phenomenon of using Romanian and/or English loanwords in their everyday Hungarian communication. In our research paradigm we adopted a case-oriented, inductive, data-focused research towards which we applied a mixed approach: the data was collected through a questionnaire, then the focus group discussion highlighted the criteria respondents used in their value judgment, as well as their opinions about loanwords adopted from the two languages. The conversations also indirectly shed light on the way in which a minority community relates to the languages active in its linguistic environment.

American Norwegian derivational morphology in contact

Heritage languages (HLs) reliably exhibit morphological patterns prone to change and restructuring. Yet, American Norwegian appears to be remarkably stable in terms of structure, although with some surface variability. Contact patterns have nevertheless long been observed, where original English loanwords receive Norwegian inflectional morphology. Although there is robust evidence for inflectional patterns undergoing both variation and language mixing, there is less work on the outcomes of derivational processes in language contact. We investigate the impact of HL-bilingualism on American Norwegian derivational patterns. Our analysis of corpus data demonstrates a general lack of language mixing in derivations, which supports a long-standing observation in contact linguistics that this material is borrowed as whole lexical items rather than as individual morphemes. This work contributes to our understanding of the relationship between grammatical representations and contact-induced change, further demonstrating the insights into the architecture of bilingual morphosyntax that (moribund) heritage languages provide.

Engleski tehnički registar: riječi, kontakti i lažna prijateljstva

As a global lingua franca, English has become a language of modern technologies, or, more precisely - a language of science and technology in general. Its influence on other languages is constantly growing and, consequently, a number of English loanwords in these languages is growing as well, opening the wide space for emergence of ‘false friends’. False friends pose a significant problem in translation process, particularly the one dealing with technical discourse. The aim of this paper is to give a contribution to current research in the field of false friends by identifying, presenting and analysing the occurrence of false friends in technical register, which would hopefully alleviate the said problem.

The Interference of English in Emirati Arabic and the Anglicization of Emirati Schools

This article explores the changes in the Emirati school system from Arabic to bilingual curriculum (English and Arabic) as well as the influence of English in Emirati Arabic: English loanwords and verbs in Emirati Arabic; as well as their occurrences in light of age and gender, two important social variables related to linguistic behavior. To do so, we administered questionnaires and recorded Emirati high school students (aged 17-18), Emirati alumni from 38 to 50 years old, as well as elderly Emiratis aged 64 to 66, which means a generation gap of over 40 years from the youngest to the eldest group. We will analyze which English loanwords and verbs are present in Emirati Arabic due to historical reasons and the most recent incorporations due to modernization factors.

Code-Mixing in the Conversation of Northern Khmer Speakers in Thailand: A Case Study of Teenagers and Middle-Aged Northern Khmer Speakers in Buriram Province

This study aims to examine the linguistic performance of code-mixing by Northern Khmer (NK) teenagers in Buriram Province while conversing with NK middle-aged speakers in their community. It focuses on types of linguistic units or categories of code-mixing that occur in NK conversation and also on the various situations in which that linguistic unit occurs. It is found that code-mixing between NK and the Thai language occurs on three linguistic levels: morphological, syntactic, and discourse. On the morphological level, 7 categories of Thai words are found: noun, verb, adjective, final particle, quantifier, conjunction, and exclamation word. Three types of code-mixing are found on the syntactic level: Inter-Sentential, Intra-Sentential, and Extra-Sentential Code-Mixing. On the discourse level, code-mixing occurs in the middle and at the end of the NK discourse. There are 6 different situations in NK conversations where these types of code-mixing occur: (1) Greetings (2) Expressing appreciation (3) Expressions of politeness (4) Telling information (General and Specific) (5) Indicative mood, Lexical meaning, and Sentence structure, and (6) English loan words further borrowed from the Thai language. It is also found that NK speakers adopt the morphological processes of reduplication, the sentential structure, and serial verb construction when utilizing the Thai language to mix in their NK word formation and NK sentence structure. Lastly, NK speakers borrow English loanwords from Thai, instead of borrowing them directly from English.

Je parle comme je suis: ce que nos mots nous disent de nous by Julie Neveux

Reviewed by: Je parle comme je suis: ce que nos mots nous disent de nous by Julie Neveux Chloe Mais Hagen Neveux, Julie. Je parle comme je suis: ce que nos mots nous disent de nous. Grasset, 2020. ISBN 978-2-246-82173-1. Pp. 293. In this lexical exploration, Neveux offers a window into twenty-first-century French society and invites us—the reader and assumed native French speaker in France—to reflect on the words we use and what they reveal about our lives. Neveux contends that our language “nous tend un miroir plus réaliste que ne le fait le selfie” and allows us to form conclusions on the changing state of the world around us (286). Her conversational, tongue-in-cheek narration mixes literary, linguistic, philosophical, and pop culture references with personal observations in an informal, broadly accessible work that distills complex social issues into bitesized lexical entries. The book is organized in eight chapters structured around a hundred lexical entries on themes ranging from technology and ecology to emotions and social connectivity. For example, the chapter “Les mots de l’homme-machine: être ou ne plus être humain” laments our growing overreliance on technology, to which we risk losing our sense of self (17). The chapter “Vrai ou fake? La crise de confiance” unpacks such terms as le fact-checking and troll(er) that polarize or lead us to question the nature of truth (211). A typical lexical entry is several pages long, describes a new word or phrase that has gained prominence in France in the past several decades, traces its etymology, gives examples in context, and addresses the often-consequential social implications of its use. As a linguist of English, Neveux is uniquely positioned to trace the etymology of loan words into French from English such as story and date, which originally came into English from French. For example, notes Neveux, the reader will be “sans doute très fier d’apprendre que ‘story’”—now reemerging in French as a descriptor of status updates on Snapchat or Instagram—came into English from the Old French “estoire” (149). Although at times emphasizing the playfulness and richness of the living French language and inviting readers to draw inspiration from it, Neveux’s frank and honest writing can come across as insensitive, especially when writing about terms linked to race or gender. The tone of the book is open, philosophical, and humorously cynical as it laments how the use of certain lexical terms, such as fake news, smombie, and like(r), disrupt the French language and reflect a cheapening of the human experience. Writing about the word smombie, a neologism derived from combining smartphone and zombie, Neveux notes that “le mot nouveau exprime un rapport à la vie réelle problématique” on both a personal and linguistic level (56). Similarly, Neveux defends written French against the insidious emoji: “le visuel impose une seule image (stylisée et réductrice) [...] nos mots valent toujours plus que leurs images” (77). For readers outside of France, Je parle comme je suis contextualizes and provides insights into popular French opinion on English loan words, current political buzzwords, written and spoken tics, and other innocuous expressions typical of twenty-first-century France. [End Page 264] Chloe Mais Hagen St. Olaf College (MN) Copyright © 2022 American Association of Teachers of French

Morphophonological Features of Lɛtɛ Loanwords from English

The aim of this paper is two-fold: to describe the phonological and morphological features of English loanwords (nouns and verbs) which appear in Lɛtɛ lexicon and to identify and account for the largest semantic class of English loanwords. Lɛtɛ (Kwa: Guan) is spoken in Larteh, a town in southeast Ghana. The language has not received much attention, and as such, there has been no study to investigate the phenomenon of lexical borrowing in the language. The linguistic situation in Larteh is characterized by trigglosia, a situation where three languages with distinct communicative functions are in use. Akuapem Twi is the second language of most Lɛtɛ speakers. The paper distinguishes between codeswitching from borrowing to initiate the discussion from the right perspective. Motivation for borrowing from English primarily stems from the need to fill lexical gaps in Lɛtɛ. Consequently, data for the study suggest that the semantic class of science and technology is the largest of all the semantic domains of English loanwords. Data sources include bilingual wordlists of English and Lɛtɛ; focus group discussions and Lɛtɛ folktales. Upon analyzing the data, we observed that English loanwords undergo morphological and phonological alterations such as epenthesis and vowel harmonization to become nativized. The study is underpinned by the Matrix Language Frame Model (MLFM) (Myers-Scotton, 1997; Myers-Scotton et al., 2002), a model which is designed to account for bilingual speech. Following the MLFM, lexical items which enter Lɛtɛ lexicon are expected to take up morphological and phonological features of the language. Our study however found out that not all loanwords exhibit morphophonological features of Lɛtɛ; in the case of loan nouns, the Akuapem Twi number markers are rather employed. The paper adds to existing literature on borrowing and points out that a matrix language does not always dictate new linguistics features that are borne by the loanwords, but the linguistic situation of the recipient language community, coupled with the language repertoire of speakers play a roleю

Zapożyczenia z języka angielskiego w polskich i chorwackich nazwach spodni

The changes taking place in the fashion industry related to the overproduction of clothing, consumerism and globalisation result in the introduction of new clothing models on the market, and thus the creation of new names for individual styles. English is currently the lingua franca in the fashion world, which means that the number of loanwords from this language in other languages is increasing. The aim of this work is to record, categorise and compare English loanwords used as the names of trousers appearing in Polish and Croatian versions of clothing online stores. The analysis consists of indicating the English name of the model, checking the presence of individual lexemes in the dictionaries of the given language and determining the types of borrowing adaptations. The article ends with comparative conclusions.

Comparison between English Loanwords in Mandarin Chinese and Chinese Loanwords in English

Language is an organ in constant evolution and as such a diachronic approach should be taken when analyzing how speakers of a given languages use it in their everyday life. English and Chinese Mandarin have become two of the most spoken languages in the world and as such some sort of linguistic influence on one another must be expected to an extent. This paper should be taken as an introductory chapter of a very complex socio-linguistics topic that deserves to be researched indepth to be fully understood. This paper highlights the most common English loanwords in modern Chinese and vice versa, briefly giving a summary on why two foreign languages so far apart has becoming interlacing and blending in the everyday speech.

LEXICO-SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEWEST ENGLISH LOANWORDS IN THE MODERN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

Introduction. Ukrainian language does not develop in isolation. It is influenced by other languages in all areas of linguistic communication, which is demonstrated by the presence of borrowings serving as one of the most powerful means of replenishing its vocabulary. Extensive use of loanwords and expansion of their structural and semantic types in the Ukrainian vocabulary in the beginning of the 21st century call for their continuous registration and a comprehensive study.Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to study the lexical and semantic adaptation of the latest English borrowings, to study the stages of their development, application and features of functioning in the modern Ukrainian language.Methods. In the process of researching the newest words of English origin, the thematic classification method has been used, which has contributed to the distribution of the newest borrowings into lexical and semantic groups. The newest English loanwords have been captured by the method of continuous sampling, that is, by selecting borrowings in the order of their detection in the texts of the source base of the study. A functional approach has been applied, which made it possible to identify the functioning of the newest loanwords.Results. It has been found out that the process of mastering the newest borrowings in the Ukrainian language is carried out step-by-step. Intensive introduction and functioning of the newest borrowings in the Ukrainian language is due to many linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Intra-linguistic and extra-linguistic factors are different in nature, impact and intensity of manifestation, but they act in any language in close interaction, rather than separately.By the type of use, the newest English borrowings form two groups in the Ukrainian language.These are lexemes with a wide scope of application and lexical units with a narrow scope of application. The widely used newest words of English origin include words with their inherent high frequency of use in Ukrainian speech. A group of English loanwords with a narrow scope of use is structured by words, the specificity of which lies in the fact that they are used by separate groups of people related by professional activities. English slangisms and occasionalisms distinguished by sentiments and stylistic markings are also part of this group.Conclusion. English loanwords prevail among neo-borrowings that have fallen into Ukrainian directly or through other languages. The dominant group in their composition is formed by direct borrowings. This is primarily due to the influence of globalization processes and increased interest of the Ukrainians in learning English. Wide introduction of newest words of English origin into the Ukrainian vocabulary has resulted in the emergence of interrelated extra-linguistic and intra-linguistic factors, though different in nature, impact and magnitude.The newest English loanwords at the present stage of development of Ukrainian society have entered almost all spheres of life. Some of them are not yet fully mastered by linguistic consciousness and are not fixed in Ukrainian dictionaries, but they are already widely used in language communication.

ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF ENGLISH LOANWORD IN THE CYBER CRIME COLUMN IN KOMPAS DIGITAL NEWSPAPER

Language gets the effect of the development in recent era. Some languages receive the development from the other languages such as foreign languages. The loanwords are the words which are adapted from other languages. Many Indonesian words are gained from English. This study was aimed at analyzing and describing the types of English loanwords used in Kompas digital newspaper in the categories of simple word, complex word, and translated word. The researchers used a qualitative descriptive method. The object of this research is the loanword derived from English in the cyber crime column of the Kompas digital newspaper in April and May 2022. The result of the study was that there were 56 English loanwords which were written in Kompas digital newspaper taken from selected columns in April and May 2022. The English loanwords categories analyzed were the simple word, complex word, and translated word. There were 26 English loanwords found as simple word. Then, there were 18 English loanwords found as complex word. Finally, there were 12 English loanwords found as translated word. The simple word of English loanword is the most frequently used in Kompas digital newspaper. Meanwhile, the translated word of English loanword is the least frequent one.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REASONS AND INFLUENCE OF BORROWING OF ENGLISH LOANWORDS IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REASONS AND INFLUENCE OF BORROWING OF ENGLISH LOANWORDS IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE Anzhelika Sembekova PhD student, School of Chinese language and Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, China, Xian   ABSTRACT

First Language Role in Loanwords Adaptation: A Study of English Loanwords Into Taif Arabic

First Language Role in Loanwords Adaptation: A Study of English Loanwords Into Taif Arabic

Absence of English Phonemes from Arabic; The Impact on EFL and ESL learners’ Production of Loanwords

The present study aims to address whether the absence of foreign English phonemes from the Arabic phonemic inventory have impacts of EFL and ESL learners’ pronunciation of English loanwords differently. The study adopts a comparative approach, seeking to examine whether the two groups of learners used the same or different phonemes for substituting or approximating the target phonemes. 28 English loanwords were utilized to test the productions of 15 learners at Salman Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Saudi Arabia (EFL) and 15 learners at the Center for English as a Second Language in Southern Illinois University, USA (ESL). Probing the impact of the learners’ L1, Arabic language, on the production of loanwords via numerous theories and frameworks such as transfer, approximation, and the Markedness Differential Hypothesis showed that these English loanwords underwent certain phonological modifications. Both EFL and ESL learners showed transfer from L1 to L2, native Arabic phonological processes, while only ESL learners showed a universal pattern, such as VOT approximation. That is, both EFL and ESL learners substituted /v, ɹ, tʃ/ with /f, r, ʃ/, but they differed in their production of /p/. While EFL learners substituted /p/ with /b/, ESL learners reflected approximated sound to /p/.