English Interjections Research Articles

The status of interjections in Cognitive Grammar

Abstract This paper reflects on interjections in English. An interjection is a word or phrase that is used to express strong emotions, often suddenly, like oops when a small mistake happens, as in Oops! I typed two Ls by mistake. To provide a new picture of interjections, it embeds the analysis in Cognitive Grammar. In this regard, it attempts to verify three claims of Cognitive Grammar. One claim describes a linguistic expression as a cluster of distinct but related senses. In light of this claim, the paper argues that an interjection forms a category of numerous senses organized around a central one. Another claim characterizes the meanings of linguistic expressions with respect to the fields to which they belong. In virtue of this claim, the paper argues that interjections form domains in which they stand for a general concept but differ in specifics. A further claim ascribes the use of a linguistic expression to the particular construal imposed on its content. Given this claim, the paper argues that the use of an interjection results from the particular perspective in which the speaker takes on a situation. The aim is to highlight the extra touch of meaning that interjections flavor the utterances in which they occur. The gist is that interjections are purposeful choices for expressing sentiments.

Функциональная специфика английских междометий: социокультурный аспект (на материале сериала “Downtown Abbey”)

The aim of the study is to identify the functional parameters of the use of English interjections depending on the sociocultural position of the communicants. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the relationship between the communicants belonging to a certain social class and the peculiarities of the use of the qualitative and quantitative composition of interjections in their speech is established for the first time. The study revealed that interjections can act as indicators of English communicative behaviour. Among the distinguished functional groups of interjections (emotive, hesitational, phatic and conative), interjections in the emotive function, traditionally recognized as the main one due to the nature of interjections, for the first time lost its dominant position in favour of interjections in the hesitational function. The reason for this is the influence of such parameters of English communicative behaviour as emotional restraint, understatement, the desire to reduce flatness, as well as an anti-conflict orientation of communication. A predominant number of interjections of all functional groups and a more diverse qualitative composition of interjections is recorded in the speech of nobility, than in the speech of the common class, which is explained by their higher level of education, speech culture and the development of their emotional intelligence.

ENGLISH INTERJECTIONS: PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT (SOME USEFUL TIPS FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS)

Communicative language competences of secondary and higher education students are formed on the basis of their interrelated speech, sociocultural, sociolinguistic and linguistic development in accordance with their age characteristics and interests at each stage of mastering a foreign language. Interjections in modern English play a significant role in expression of the individual, subjective attitude of the speaker to the situation, the surrounding world, and one’s own feelings and manifestations of will as well. The paper is aimed at highlighting the issue of English interjections within the pedagogical aspect, taking into account the currently existing works of experts in this field. The research describes six tips for teachers and students on the presentation and learning of English interjections at English classes and extracurricular activities. It has been noted that the results of the study may have some practical advantages in preparing students for any scientific activity as well as the work of scientific groups, “English in Intercultural Communication”, in particular. The main attention is focused on the step-by-step algorithm of teaching (learning) English interjections as linguistic universals, the communicativeness of which is in the foreground as the semantics of most of them is revealed via the communication. The following tips are outlined: interest in the issue and motivation of students as the interjection belongs to the most bright elements of the speech emotional sphere; asking a number of questions about the essence of interjections in native and foreign languages, the areas of their use; defining traditional classifications of English interjections and describing their communicative properties; the introduction of the concept of “metacommunication” as interjections are responsible for the emotional side of the utterance, complement it, help the interlocutors understand each other and fill the pauses that may suddenly arise between speakers; functioning of interjections at different phases of speech communication; the ratio of interjections and punctuation marks as signals of various emotions manifestation; emphasizing English interjections translation issues.

A Study of Linguistic Features of Interjections in Pashto and English

The study is intended to investigate the morphological and pragmatic aspects of interjections in Pashto and English languages. It is also concerned with the finding of likenesses and contrasts between Pashto and English interjections. In order to reach these objectives, a qualitative method of purposive observation and comparative analysis is carried out. Evaluation shows that Pashto and English languages do share some morphological traits with respect to interjections in spite of the fact that both have distinct morphological patterns. The pragmatic uses of interjections are also looked at in this study by examining the ways in which they are used in both languages for indicating emotions, mindsets, conversational management, courteousness and other pragmatic goals. The use of observation and contrastive analysis helps by offering useful insights into the linguistic characteristics of interjections in Pashto and English languages. Our comprehension of interjections and their functions in language is advanced by this research.

English Interjections and Their Translation in The Subtitles of My Little Pony Movie

The study focused on identifying the functions of interjections and translation strategies of interjections were found in the subtitle of My Little Pony movie. The data were collected by observation method and analyzed in descriptive qualitative method. The research used two theories, namely the categories of interjections proposed by Ameka (1992) and translation strategies of interjections proposed by Cuenca (2006). It is found that four functions of interjections applied, there are, 26 data of emotive interjection, 2 data of cognitive interjection, 14 data of conative interjection, and 7 data of phatic interjection. Furthermore, there were five translation strategies of interjections found in this research. There were 28 data of literal translation, 3 data of translation by using an interjection with different form but expressing the same meaning, 4 data of translation by an interjection with different meaning, 12 data of omission strategies, and 2 data of addition strategies. Literal translation was the most frequent strategy applied because the translator transferred the message from the source language into target language with the same meaning or expression and did not change the form of interjection.

Interjections in the Contexts of Uzbek and English Languages

The hereby article discusses the main differences and similarities of Uzbek and English interjections in terms of their usage, types, morphology, functions etc. All the findings are evinced with the valid examples taken from the reliable sources.

Interjections in the English-Language Political Communication

The article considers the role of interjections in the English-language political communication, which is especially relevant nowadays when the modern civilizational space is subjected to global emotionalization. The releases of one of the longest running American news programmes in television history – “Face the Nation”, which were aired in 2021, serve as the empirical material of the study carried out. The block of research materials included both interjections that perform traditional functions and interjections that serve as a complementary means of implementing the impact strategy. Interjections, expressing hesitation, have only possessed the status of elements of speech formation, while in political communication they acquire the status of a means of intercepting initiative in speech, thereby demonstrating dominance over the interlocutor and giving the communicative situation an emotive character. It is inextricably linked with the non-ecological nature of speech, mainly manifested through the manipulative nature of political communication, in which, each interlocutor tends to influence the communicant. Interjections act as a complementary means in this process, on the one hand, reinforcing the authoritarian nature of the interruption, and on the other, mitigating the process of transition from one communicant to another. The linguistic description methods are used in the article. The study reveals the potential of interjections, which consists in fulfilling the role of emotionally charged communication markers. Thus, in the course of socio-historical development in general and in the process of emotionalization of the global communication space in particular, the observed tendency to expand functional boundaries, depending on the type of communication, makes it possible to conclude that English interjections have rich potential.

SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF INTERJECTIONS IN HELEN FIELDING’S NOVEL “BRIDGET JONES’S DIARY”

The given article aims at studying various scholars’ approaches to interjections. It should be noted that scholars regard interjections as involuntary or uncontrolled verbalizations - symptomatic signals, as far as they involve the speaker’s conscious evaluation of the situation. We also focus on the most important aspects of English interjections, studying various principles of their classification and illustrating the role of interjections in the formation of the subjective emotive, as well as evaluative modality in the novel “Bridget Jones’s Diary.” Moreover, we concentrate on the role interjections play in the process of comprehension of the communicative value the author intends to convey to the readers.

Techniques of Translating Interjection in the Novel “Looking For Alaska” in Terms of Functions, Meanings, and Categories

The objective of this research is to find out the functions, meanings, and categories of interjections, and the translation technique practiced by the Indonesian translator to translate English interjection found in the novel Looking for Alaska or Mencari Alaska in Indonesian. This research is adopting a descriptive qualitative, with the novel of Looking for Alaska and Mencari Alaska as the primary source of the data. Since the data collection of interjections is found in the book, it can be classified as content analysis. The researchers found out that there are six translation techniques used by the translators to translate interjections, six kinds of interjections in terms of functions and meanings, and three kinds of interjections in terms of categories found in the novel. Those six translation techniques are 164 interjections (41,21%) for literal translation technique, 49 interjections (12,31%) for translation by using an interjection with similar meaning and form technique, 61 interjection (15,33%) for translation by using an interjection with different forms, but the same meaning, 11 interjections (2,76%) for partly deleted omission technique, 9 interjections (2,26%) for total deleted omission technique, 8 interjections (2,01%) for addition technique, 58 interjections (10,80%) for pure borrowing technique, and 53 interjections (13,32%) for naturalized borrowing technique. From the research finding of the interjection regarding functions and meanings, there is a total of 419 types of English interjections where the researchers divided into six classes. Those types of function are: 5 (1,19%) data of interjection are used to greet, 35 (8,35%) data of interjection are used to express joy, 57 (13,37%) data of interjection are used to get attention, 169 (40,33) data of interjection are used to express approval, 120 (28,64%) data of interjection are used to express a surprise, and 34 (8,11) data of interjection used to express sorrow. Then from the research finding of interjection regarding category, there is a total of 419 data of English interjections where the researchers divided into three classes, those classes are 72 (17,18%) data of primary interjection, 336 (80,19%) data of secondary, and 11 (2,63%) data of onomatopoeic interjection. The findings of this study show that the translation techniques mostly used by the translators to translate an English interjection is translation by literal translation and translation by borrowing technique. In contrast, the least used translation technique is the addition technique that the translators rarely used it to translate the interjection.Keywords: Interjection, Interjection Translation, Looking for Alaska, Mencari Alaska, Translation Technique.

Interpersonal functions of interjections

Abstract Motivated by the frequent omission of interjections from film subtitles, this study investigates the interpersonal functions of interjections, and seeks to disentangle their meaning relations. Based on the analysis of interjections from six English language films under the theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), the study primarily classifies the functions of interjections in terms of whether the interjections independently realize moves in exchange. The function of the interjection which realizes a move on its own is described at the semantic stratum in terms of a minor speech function, and the function of the interjection which realizes a move together with a clause is described at the lexicogrammatical stratum in terms of an optional clausal function referred to as a ‘latched function’. The study highlights the distinction between latched functions and their agnate minor speech functions, and offers more delicate accounts of the functions of interjections. It proposes a system network of the minor speech functions, which can facilitate a more systematic analysis of the functions realized by interjections. This study contributes to the SFL description of English interjections, and can offer methodological insights into further research on the functionality of interjections.

CLASSIFICATION OF UZBEK AND ENGLISH INTERJECTIONS ACCORDING TO THE AGE

The research paper aimed to classify Uzbek and English interjections according to the age. The famous Uzbek and English novels were served as the data of the research. In our study, we analyzed the position and meaning of Uzbek interjections and compared with English interjections. The research results showed that interjections form a separate class of words according to the age. KEY WORDS: Uzbek language, English Language, interjections, exclamations, age differences.

A Comparative Study of Interjections in Chinese and English

Interjections are emotive words with no referential content. In both Chinese and English, they are classified as a special word class. In order to better comprehend interjections and further deepen our knowledge of these two language systems, a comparison of Chinese interjections and English interjections is made at three levels—morphological structures, semantic relations and syntactic functions. Similarities of Chinese and English interjections are found to outnumber their differences.

Functions of English interjections in German SMS- and WhatsApp-messaging

Ковбасюк, Л. А. Функціонування англійських вигуків в німецькомовних смс- та WhatsApp-повідомленнях. Актуаільні питання гуманітарних наук : міжвуз. зб. наук. праць молодих вчених Дрогобицького держ пед.ун-ту ім. Івана Франка. 2020. Вип. 28. С. 37-42.

Intercultural pragmatics and the translation of English interjections and expletives into Spanish and Chinese

AbstractThis article aims to discuss the importance of pragmatics in translation, paying particular attention to the difficulties posed by two non-clausal units or inserts (Biber et al. 1999). These elements have been classified into nine categories, namely interjections, greetings and farewells, discourse markers, attention signals, response elicitors, response forms, hesitators, polite formulae and expletives. In this article we will discuss two of them, interjections and expletives, both of which express stance. We will consider the possible renderings of these elements in Spanish and Chinese and the difficulties they pose in the translation of fictional dialogue in connection with previous research into this issue in order to identify future lines of enquiry. As regards the translation of expletives, it seems that recent publications point towards a greater presence of swearwords in Spanish dubbed versions than in the past, referred to in this article as a “vulgarization hypothesis”.

English borrowed interjections and their semantics, role and expressive function in colloquial Russian and Macedonian languages

English borrowed interjections and their semantics, role and expressive function in colloquial Russian and Macedonian languages

The semantics of interjections: An experimental study with natural semantic metalanguage

ABSTRACTThe paper reports the results of a pilot experimental study aimed at evaluating natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) explications of English interjections. It proposes a novel online survey technique to test NSM explications with language speakers. The survey tested recently developed semantic explications of selected English interjections as published in Goddard (2014a): wow, gosh, gee, yikes (“surprise” group) and yuck, ugh (“disgust” group). The results provide overall support for the proposed explications and indicate directions for their further development. It is interesting that respondents' preexisting knowledge of NSM and other background variables (age, gender, being a native speaker, or studying linguistics) were shown to have little influence on the test results.

The pragmatics of interjections: The case of Polish no

The aim of this paper is to contrast the systems of interjections in English and Polish, with a particular emphasis on the analysis of Polish no and its English equivalents. First, interjections are discussed as a subclass of a wider category of discourse markers/particles, and the English and Polish approaches to the problem are juxtaposed in order to work out some uniform characteristics of the category in question. Secondly, the most frequently occuring English and Polish interjections are selected on the basis of the corpora taken from Schourop (1985) and Pisarkowa (1975), respectively, and certain equivalences between parallel forms are discussed. Finally, the Polish interjection no characterized by the highest frequency of occurrence is analyzed in terms of its English corresponding forms. The data reveal that although in many cases the Polish no is equivalent to the English well, it also carries many other context-dependent meanings, hence plays a multiple role in the organization of discourse.

Английское междометие и его фонографический перевод

The present article is аn attempt tо investigate the problem оf the status оf the English interjection, to establish its place within the systеm оf English lexico-grammatical class as well as tо separate it frоm аll kinds оf vocalizations bу the method оf lexicological phonetics.Тhе analysis is carried out with two English graphemes “Оh”, “Аh” and their Russian equivalents which аrе widely known as interjections. In accordance with their prosodic arrangement, the two graphemes mау function аs interjections and аs vocalized introductions to sentences.Typical prosodic parameters of English interjections substantiate the introduction of the prosodic category of interjection (просодическая категория мeждометноcти) into scientific use.