Engineering Services Research Articles

An Integrated Monitoring, Diagnostics, and Prognostics System for Aero-Engines under Long-Term Performance Deterioration

In the field of aircraft engine diagnostics, many advanced algorithms have been proposed over the last few years. However, there is still wide room for improvement, especially in the development of more integrated and complete engine health management systems to detect, identify, and forecast complex faults in a short time. Furthermore, it is necessary to ensure that these systems preserve their capabilities over time despite engine deterioration. This paper addresses these necessities by proposing an integrated system that considers the joint operation of feature extraction, anomaly detection, fault identification, and prognostic algorithms for engines with long operation times. To effectively reveal the actual engine condition, light adaptive degraded engine models are computed along with different health indicators that are used as inputs to train and test recognition and prediction models. The system is developed and evaluated using a specialized NASA platform which provides data from a turbofan engine fleet simultaneously experiencing long-term performance deterioration and faults. Contrary to other compared solutions, our results show that the proposed system is robust against the effects of engine deterioration, maintaining its level of detection, recognition, and prediction accuracy over a total engine service life. The low computational cost algorithms has generally fast performance in all stages, making the system suitable for online applications.

Asphalt pavement heat insulation bonding layer materials: Composition optimization and engineering application

To alleviate the influence of extreme temperature on the service quality and life of asphalt pavement, the heat insulation effect of the pavement bonding layer was endowed, and the composition of the heat insulation bonding layer materials were optimized. The microstructure of heat insulation bonding layer material was revealed, and its optimal spraying amounts was determined. On this basis, the engineering application and service performance monitoring of heat insulation bonding layer materials were carried out. The results show that the curing rate of the heat insulation bonding layer is significantly higher than that of the ordinary emulsified asphalt (OEA) bonding layer. Hollow glass bead (HGB), floating bead (FB), and expanded perlite (EP) bonding layer materials exhibit excellent mechanical strength, and the interlayer bonding strength can reach 0.41 MPa, 0.49 MPa, and 0.49 MPa, respectively. The recommended dosage of HGB, FB, and EP is 15%, 20%, and 20%, respectively, and the spraying amounts of heat insulation bonding layer material is 1.2 kg/m2. The maximum temperature of the test section in July can be reduced by 2.2 °C–3.6 °C, the maximum annual and daily temperature differences can be reduced by 6.2 °C and 2.3°C–4.9 °C, and the rate of temperature changes can be reduced by 37.5%–63.64%.

Geotechnical and Structural Damages Caused by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in Gölbaşı (Adıyaman)

On 6 February 2023, two independent earthquake pairs on the East Anatolian Fault Zone, with epicenters in Pazarcık (Mw = 7.7) and Elbistan (Mw = 7.6) districts of Kahramanmaraş province, caused great destruction. Adıyaman and Gölbaşı districts of this city are among the settlements most affected by the earthquake. Especially in the district where geotechnical damages are most observed, the destructive effects of earthquakes have been clearly observed in buildings with different structural systems. In this study, information is given about the earthquakes that hit the region and the fault zone where the earthquakes occur. Geotechnical and structural damages occurring in the villages and center of the district were evaluated within the scope of earthquakes and structural engineering. It can be stated that damages observed in the district center are generally caused by soil–structure interaction problems. The fact that masonry structures, which are widely used in rural areas, do not benefit from any engineering services has an impact on the level of damage. The main reason for the damages occurring in the reinforced concrete structures in the district is the reinforced concrete system that is not designed properly or not built in accordance with the design. This case study demonstrated the importance of earthquake–soil–structure interactions in line with earthquake-resistant building design principles.

Corrosion fatigue behaviour of Q690D high-strength steel considering the effect of coupling

During the service period of steel structures, the condition of suffering from environmental corrosions and fatigue loadings simultaneously widely exists. In this article, focusing on the corrosion fatigue behaviour of Q690D high-strength steel with consideration of the coupling effect, experimental research was conducted and the coupling effect was analysed. Corrosion fatigue coupling tests were performed with the method of electrolytic accelerated corrosion. The corrosion characteristics were studied and compared with the corrosion tests without loadings. Then, the corrosion fatigue S-N curve was established and compared with non-corroded and pre-corroded conditions. Morphology observations were carried out to further analyse the mechanisms of corrosion fatigue coupling. The results show that the fatigue resistance of Q690D high-strength steel deteriorated greatly compared with non-corroded and pre-corroded conditions, and the adverse effect of corrosion fatigue coupling on fatigue resistance cannot be neglected. The coupling effect under real engineering service conditions could be well represented with the adopted test method, taking into account the time dimension correlation between fatigue and corrosion. The established Q690D S-N curve under the corrosive environment provides important references for the residual fatigue life assessment of high-strength steel fatigue considering the effect of environmental deterioration.

Driving Organizational Effectiveness: Implementing Safe Agile Framework for Team Alignment in Large Organisations

Implementing the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) in large organizations is crucial for achieving organizational effectiveness, especially as they expand globally. The SAFe framework, initially designed for software development, has evolved to cater to diverse industries like health, manufacturing, engineering, and financial services. The study elaborates the significance of implementing SAFe agile framework for team alignment in large organisations. SAFe operates at four levels: Team, Program, Large Solution, and Portfolio. Efficient collaboration, communication, and coordination, the three Cs of SAFe Agile, are essential for synergy across these levels. To practically implement SAFe and achieve team alignment, organizations should follow ten SAFe principles. These principles include taking an economic view, applying systems thinking, assuming variability, building incrementally with fast learning cycles, basing milestones on objective evaluation, ensuring uninterrupted value flow, applying cadence, unlocking intrinsic motivation, embracing decentralized decision-making, and organizing around value. Balancing bottom-up and top-down approaches through a middle-out method ensures effective SAFe implementation. This approach combines the strengths of methods, fostering cross-functional collaboration and effective communication channels from teams to the portfolio level. In conclusion, large-scale businesses may enhance organizational success through the transformational process of applying the SAFe framework for team alignment, which improves alignment, cooperation, efficiency, flexibility, and continuous improvement.

Preface

Continuous evolving labour market influenced by the present world-wide challenges and crisis is strongly demanding for adequately qualified work force and innovative solutions competing for market success.Research and innovation in constructions’ related fields requires enhancing four dimensions of the transversal skills and competences: digital, green, resilience, and entrepreneurial skills.Computational Civil Engineering (CCE) 2023 is dedicated to the research outputs feeding high quality education and training, fostering collaboration and cooperation among research groups with wide scientific interests, on the relevant topics recently endorsed by European Project calls within the 2021-2027 budgeted actionsTraditionally, CCE has been mainly organized, by the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services of Iasi and “Matei Teiu-Botez” Academic Society in the previous editions. Recent joint research work started with the contribution of various Faculties of “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi (TUIASI) and thus beginning with CCE 2023 will be jointly organized by TUIASI and “Gheorghe Asachi” University Foundation. The conference is organized once every 2 years since 2015, with physical attendance in the beautiful city of Iasi with the venue in the historical building designed by Gustave Eiffel in the early XXth century Grand Hotel Traian.The 17th edition CCE2023 was organized by “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi (Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, Faculty of Architecture and Faculty of Hydrotechnics, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering) in partnership with the Universitary Foundation “Gheorghe Asachi” of Iasi and the International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) Barcelona Spain. We were very honoured to collaborate for conference organizing with the City University of London (UK), the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, the Faculty of Civil Engineering Cluj-Napoca, the Faculty of Civil Engineering Timisoara, the Faculty of Civil Engineering Brasov, the Faculty of Civil Engineering Constanta and the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cadastre and Architecture Oradea.Also, we were grateful for the support received from our partners Unitec Institute of Technology Auckland, Iasi City Hall and the Order of Romanian Architects – Iasi branch.The scientific event was held on May 24th-25st at Grand Hotel Traian from Iasi, Romania.CCE2023 aimed to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers, practitioners, numerical analysis programs developers to exchange / share their experiences to the Computational Civil Engineering domain to share their research findings to the theoretical and practical levels.List of Organizers, Co-Organizers, Partners, Committees of CCE 2023 Conference are available in this Pdf.

Monitoring the Expansion of Unplanned Urbanization and its Impact on Climate Change based on Google Earth Engine Service, a Case Study of Baghdad / Iraq

The earth's surface comprises different kinds of land cover, water resources, and soil, which create environmental factors for varied animals, plants, and humans. Knowing the significant effects of land cover is crucial for long-term development, climate change modeling, and preserving ecosystems. In this research, the Google Earth Engine platform and freely available Landsat imagery were used to investigate the impact of the expansion and degradation in urbanized areas, watersheds, and vegetative cover on the land surface temperature in Baghdad from 2004 to 2021. Land cover indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI) were determined to examine the effects of land cover changes. In addition, the land surface temperature was calculated to assess urbanization expansion's impact on Baghdad's climate warming. The results showed a drastic decrease in vegetative cover and green land, on the other hand, a significant expansion in urbanized areas. Hence, from 2004 to 2021, the urbanized areas and open land rose by 37% and 3%, respectively, while the vegetative cover decreased by 41%. The maximum land surface temperature has risen 4° C, and the minimum land surface temperature has risen 2.5°C.

Current Issues of the Technical Support System for Complex Agricultural Machinery in the Agro-Industrial Complex

The basic principles are outlined and information is presented on the technical means essential for the system of maintenance and repair of machines in the agro-industrial complex, the mechanism of relations between manufacturers and consumers of technical means is described. Current issues of the subsystems of the repair and maintenance base in the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex, the main groups of repair and maintenance impacts on domestic agricultural machinery, etc. are considered.

Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Engineering: Products, Services, Technologies, and Social Inclusivity with a Gender Approach

Today, sustainable engineering faces challenges, highlighting the need to develop sustainable technologies and systems to support these new engineering projects and services. These sustainable engineering challenges aim to achieve a balance between people and the planet. To this end, 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets have been formulated, constituting the internationally accepted global sustainability aspirations for 2030. To address this issue, it is necessary to characterize its product life cycle; if there are models for the integration of sustainable engineering in policies, strategies, and programs of public and private institutions, what would be its impact at economic and social levels and its sustainable social engineering, and how would the gender approach impact these areas since it is an inclusive part of the SDG 2030 and plays a relevant role? This research analyzes models of social inclusiveness, engineering products and services for sustainability, and integration into sustainable development goals of engineering products and technology, reviewing whether gender equality or equity is present in their application and development. This study highlights relevant initiatives and the most used technological tools. The PRISMA protocol directed this study, which identified 252 pertinent articles for analysis and suggested effective practices for employing products, services, and technologies to advance sustainable engineering in the near term.

THE EFFECT OF EXTRA FOODING ON THE FATIGUE OF FIELD WORKERS (TECHNICAL SERVICES) AT PT PLN (PERSERO) ULP MEDAN SELATAN

This research aims to investigate the effect of extra fooding on the fatigue of field workers at PT PLN (Persero) ULP Medan Selatan. This study considered the impact of additional food intake on fatigue levels, taking into account factors such as physical activity, rest time, working environment conditions, and the type of additional food consumed. The quantitative research method involved 20 engineering service workers who were given additional food in cucumber juice and coconut water. Data was collected before and after consuming extra food, with fatigue levels measured using a psychometrically tested rating scale. Descriptive statistical and regression analyses were performed to establish the relationship between extra food consumption and changes in fatigue levels. The results show that extra fooding has the potential to reduce fatigue in field workers, but the impact may vary depending on contextual factors. In conclusion, a holistic and integrated approach is needed in managing worker fatigue in the field, considering nutritional aspects and other factors that influence their working conditions.

An Investigation of the Cause of Delay in the Operationalization of Industrial Clusters in Zambia

The Zambian government, through the Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission (CEEC), sourced funding from the African Development Bank and constructed eight Industrial clusters in 2018, one in each of the following towns, Kafue, Chipata, Mongu, Ndola, Kitwe, Solwezi, Mansa and Kasama. These clusters were to be operational by 2019. However, as at June 2023, only three industrial clusters in Chipata, Kasama, and Mongu were operational. This paper reports the findings on the causes of the delay in operationalizing the constructed industrial clusters. A qualitative research design was used to identify the factors causing delay in the operationalization of the industrial clusters. The findings revealed that, inadequate funding by government was a major impediment on the operationalization of the industrial clusters accounting for about 42%, while management of CEEC, due to being politically inclined, accounted for 22.7%. The other factors are: change in government support strategy to small businesses, which necessitated remodelling of cluster buildings to accommodate cooperatives in the industrial clusters (19%), industrial clusters located in the outskirts of the central business districts (9.7%), and lack of engineering and information technology services (6.3%). This study recommends an industrial cluster implementation which is devoid of political influence, and independent management body.

Destructive impact of successive high magnitude earthquakes occurred in Türkiye’s Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023

AbstractTwo successive earthquakes with moment magnitudes of Mw = 7.7 (focal depth = 8.6 km) and Mw = 7.6 (focal depth = 7 km) occurred approximately within 9 h on February 6, 2023, in Türkiye, respectively. The epicenters were the Pazarcık and Elbistan districts of Kahramanmaraş. Both earthquakes occurred in the East Anatolian Fault Zone, one of Türkiye’s two major active fault systems. Between these two severe earthquakes, there was one more big aftershock with a moment magnitude of 6.6, the epicenter of which was in the Nurdağı District of Gaziantep. Then, on February 20, 2023, another aftershock earthquake with a magnitude of Mw = 6.4 occurred in Yayladağı district of Hatay. As a result of the earthquakes, severe damage occurred in several provinces and districts with a population of around 15 million, and more than 50,000 people have lost their lives. This study presents on-site geotechnical and structural investigations by a team of researchers after the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. It summarizes the performance of the building environments as a result of on-site assessments, taking into account observed structural damage, local site conditions, and strong ground motion data. The possible causes of the observed damage are addressed in detail. These earthquakes once again revealed the common deficiencies of existing reinforced concrete structures in Türkiye, such as poor material quality, poor workmanship, unsuitability of reinforcement detailing, and inadequate earthquake-resistant construction techniques. Precast concrete and masonry structures in the region were also severely damaged during the earthquakes due to insufficient engineering service, poor materials, deficiencies during construction, etc.

Engineering Services Landscape in India: Maneuvering the Analytical Journey for Agile Business Model Synthesis

This comprehensive research paper focuses on the strategic analysis and development of agile business models in engineering services environments. The study begins with an in-depth look at key industry players such as L&T Technological Services, Tech Mahindra, HCL, Tata Technologies, and Cyient. Key objectives include gaining insight into the competitive environment, assessing market dynamics, and strategically positioning companies for success in the evolving engineering services space. This study has a special focus on the generation and development of agile business models and highlights how companies such as L&T Technological Services, Tech Mahindra, HCL, Tata Technologies, and Cyient are adapting to dynamic market conditions. I'm guessing. This effort aims to provide nuanced insights into the complexities of designing and developing business models that are agile, responsive, and lead to sustained success in the engineering services industry. Key Words: Engineering Services, Agile Business Model, Competitive Landscape, Financial Metrics, Market Dynamics.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СЕРВИСА В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ

In the agro-industrial complex, the transition to a market economy has significantly affected the structure of the engineering service, which has not been reorganized taking into account the modern technical way of life. (Research purpose) The research purpose is determining the main stages of the transition period of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex, reflecting the real possibilities of its revival based on the use of intelligent technologies. (Materials and methods) Conducted an in-depth analysis of changes in the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex over the past 25-30 years, reflecting the system of maintaining a high level of efficiency of agricultural machinery, the introduction of intelligent technologies in the technical support of machinery, the modernization of the system of providing engineering and technical services to agricultural producers. (Results and discussion) Showed the need to restore the basic parameters of an effective engineering service of the agro-industrial complex. We have determined the feasibility of ensuring a high level of efficiency of the machine and tractor fleet by optimizing the technical service on market conditions of voluntary and mutually beneficial for the owners of the equipment and the service provider. The need for the formation of a new ideology for the development of technical services in the agro-industrial complex related to the introduction of innovative technologies in agriculture based on highly efficient agricultural machinery using electronic means of monitoring and managing the technical condition of machines based on digital technologies has been identified. (Conclusions) The analysis of the state of technical service in the agro-industrial complex over the past 25-30 years makes it possible to substantiate the need to modernize the engineering service with the maximum use of intensive and intelligent technologies in order to implement the food program of the Russian Federation. Import substitution of agricultural machinery and all components related to its technical support is one of the main tasks, the solution of which largely depends on the successful modernization of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex as part of the creation of domestic technological equipment and technologies.

ACHIEVING THE REQUIRED MACHINING ACCURACY BY CORRECTING ERRORS USING VARIABLES OF PARAMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Nowadays, the machine-building complex is actively saturated with high-tech equipment, without which an enterprise cannot enter the global market or keep up with its competitors. And it's not just about using systems with artificial intelligence elements as scientific and technical solutions to improve quality and reduce production costs. It is also about reducing the time required to prepare products for production and bringing them to the consumer ahead of schedule. Today, the most preferred method in the competitive struggle is to equip CAD/CAM production with computer-aided design systems. With their help, engineering and technology services cannot only design models of new products but also generate CNC control software for manufacturing parts on CNC machines. At the same time, program frames composed in G-codes have several drawbacks, the main one being a "rigid" algorithm of action, i.e., the lack of variability for final solutions when the required accuracy is achieved by correcting the numerical values of the coordinates of the points of formation of individual surfaces in the PC. In this case, the operator largely intuitively corrects individual program frames based on his or her own experience, which is almost impossible without appropriate calculations for controllers with linear-circular and angular motions. In addition, after some such changes, the program loses its geometric adequacy to the part drawing, and by correcting one element of the shaped profile, we invariably violate the laws of contact with neighboring elements specified in the drawing. The paper considers the analytical geometry apparatus that allows a line on a double curvature surface, the theoretical trajectory of tool movement, to be represented not as a set of scalar points but in a vector representation, considering its possible torsion. This approach is ensured by parametric programming with computational frames of point coordinates and logical transitions, determining the angles of inclination of the cutter axis relative to the normal to the surface in the case of multi-axis machining. However, the main advantage of this method is the ability to correct processing errors not by local changes in the numerical values of the coordinates, but by introducing correction coefficients into the equation of the shape formation trajectory - reactors for the appearance of errors in the shape or location of surfaces, arising, for example, from elastic movements. The value of the coefficients per group of personnel can be set in the process of research and industrial production and change depending on the properties of the blanks. For example, according to the current standards, variations in hardness of up to 10-12% were allowed for the blanks of rolling mill rolls. The article presents the experimental data of the research of the correction task in a parametric form and the results of their application for machining parts with radius cutters in real production..

Multi-Layer Digital Services Increase Developers’ Requirements to Agriculture IoT Platforms

Highlights Digital ecosystems in agriculture enable a new class of digital services that span over several layers of the IoT stack. This work defines digital ecosystems in agriculture based on IoT layers and utilized technologies. An example for a multi-layer digital service is developed, deployed, and tested using the NEVONEX Ecosystem. Surveys reveal software providers require more platform functionalities and early iteration testing on real farms. Abstract. In recent years, digital platforms in agriculture went through a phase of acquisitions and consolidation, where big players like agrochemical companies (Agrichems) and agricultural equipment manufacturers (OEMs) worked on expanding their technology stacks to build strategic portfolios of digital service offerings. To operate farm equipment efficiently, a combination of platforms and technologies is often needed, leading to the emergence of digital Agri-ecosystems. With the rising implementation of IoT technology, digital Agri-ecosystems enable multi-layer digital services and break down established categories (cloud-based and embedded). Content providers and developers creating those digital services face three options: aggregated cloud APIs (application programming interfaces), engineering service providers with proprietary technology stacks, and dedicated IoT ecosystems offering agnostic end-to-end workflows for development and deployment (first known example: NEVONEX). It is not yet fully understood how using an end-to-end IoT ecosystem changes developer requirements in comparison to existing solutions. Therefore, in this study, an example of a multi-layer digital service is developed and tested. Expert interviews (n = 21) explore relevant developer experiences and requirements. A consecutive survey (n = 30; NEVONEX developer conference) validates the findings. Results show that IoT- ecosystems speed up development and deployment cycles, save resources, and improve interoperability in operations. Engineering service providers remain very important players. Partner management, communication, abstraction of interfaces, testing infrastructure, and early end-user input are required by developers. In conclusion, IoT- ecosystems are beneficial for multi-layer digital service development; however, to fully satisfy developers and content providers, adjustments to platform functionalities and better testing opportunities on real farms are needed. Keywords: Automation, Digital Ecosystem, Farm equipment, NEVONEX

МІСЦЕ ІНЖИНІРИНГУ В ЖИТТЄВОМУ ЦИКЛІ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ВИРОБІВ

In undertaking the exploration, the authors endeavored to disseminate to the readership a developed comprehension of the essence of engineering as a distinct form of economic endeavor and its positioning within the lifecycle of generating consumer value. Emphasis is placed on shipbuilding artifacts, considering their pivotal role in both the global and, by extension, national economies increasingly enmeshed within the international economic milieu. It is discerned that the upsurge in demand for Engineering services is attributable to the steep ascension in fleet size, notably within its most robust segment - the commercial sector. The doubling of the fleet size for transporting various types of cargo over the past twenty years has been confirmed by visualized statistics. This phenomenon is not merely a result of a surge in maritime freight transportation, which has increased by nearly three hundred percent over the analyzed period. Simultaneously, there is a growing interest among shipowners in extending the operational lifespan of vessels. In this context, they place hopes on vessel repair, modernization, and conversion. Furthermore, even the disposal of these complex engineering structures, in accordance with the requirements of the International Maritime Organization and the standards of the European Union and participating countries, should occur without causing harm to the personnel of specialized shipyards and the environment. It has been demonstrated that solving this problem is also impossible without engineering support. A model has been provided, defining the role of Engineering in the life cycle of industrial products (using shipbuilding as an example). It confirmed the working hypothesis regarding the parallel-sequential organization of relationships between Engineering and other stages of the life cycle of mechanical engineering products. Attention is focused on the fact that addressing the challenges that arise at each stage is facilitated by digital twins of physical objects. The "lives" of both are completely synchronized, as events occurring during the real-time operation of the offline object and their consequences are automatically reflected in the virtual "twin". This conclusion is of particular significance in the context of applying the concept and corresponding tools of Product Lifecycle Management in practice.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННОЙ НАДЕЖНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ С УЧЕТОМ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ

The technical equipment of agricultural production in Russia is characterized by a low level of energy supply. In the regions of the country, where a sharp decrease in technical equipment has been stabilized, there is a decrease in the number of machines that have developed a standard service life. (Research purpose) The research purpose is assessing the operational reliability of agricultural machinery taking into account the regional features of the maintenance system, capital repairs and modernization of machinery. (Materials and methods) It was noted that in the Republic of Bashkortostan, a program is being implemented to subsidize the costs of agricultural producers for capital repairs and modernization of equipment, which has significantly increased the availability factor of tractors and combines while increasing their standard service life. (Results and discussion) It was established that the operational reliability of agricultural machinery is largely ensured taking into account the regional characteristics of the maintenance and repair system, which is determined by the leading and coordinating role of the regional Ministry of Agriculture in the field of state support for the technical service system of agricultural machinery, scientific, technical and personnel policy. The directions of activity of the engineering service of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan have been identified: subsidizing technical service enterprises; development of tools and technologies for maintenance and repair (import substitution); coordination of work for the serial production of new types of equipment; organization of interaction with industrial enterprises; search and development of constructive solutions to improve the design of components and assemblies; creation of zonal service centers by dealers in the territory of supervised regions; advanced training and retraining of engineering personnel; creation of a systematic catalog database data on tractor parts and mobile agricultural machinery; the development of the secondary market and the trade-in system of agricultural machinery. (Conclusions) Measures of influence on the system of maintenance and repair were determined, taking into account regional peculiarities in the field of state support for the system of technical service of agricultural machinery, scientific, technical and personnel policy of the region.

Technical support system for energy-installed agricultural equipment in the agricultural industry

Agricultural production in Russia solves the most important national problems - food security and import substitution. The conducted research substantiates the need to improve the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex through the introduction of modern innovative technologies. The article outlines the basic principles and technical means that determine the system of maintenance and repair of machines in the agro-industrial complex, as well as the mechanism of relations between manufacturers and consumers of technical means. Current issues of individual subsystems of the repair and maintenance base in the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex and the main groups of repair and maintenance impacts on domestic agricultural machinery were considered, and a relationship was established for foreign-made machines with all elements of maintenance, repair, modernization and disposal. Information is presented on depreciation rates and recommended distributions of the volume of repair and maintenance work by facility.

Damage mechanisms of masonry structures: an observation after 19 November Erzurum-Köprüköy Earthquake

On November 21, 2021, a 5.1 magnitude earthquake occurred with its epicenter in Erzurum-Köprüköy. In the eastern part of our country, most of the building stock in rural areas and certain parts of city center is made up of masonry structures. Most of the masonry structures consist of rubble stone walls with very low tensile strength. These load bearing elements, which are exposed to out-of-plane and in-plane displacements due to earthquakes, can be easily damaged due to their low tensile strength and poor manufacturing. In this study, the damage mechanisms of the masonry structures in the villages of Alaca, Kayabaşı, Marifet, and Sarıtaş have been reported. As a result of field studies, damages are quite prevalent due to inadequate connections between load-bearing walls and roof. Additionally, the weak connection between the leaves of load-bearing walls and lack of connection in the junctions of the walls have contributed to the damages. he observed damages can be generally classified as the quality of workmanship/construction, inadequate material characteristics, weak load bearing walls, lack of proper connections, failure of unconfined or high gable walls, heavy earth roof. Many of the damaged structures have not adhered to regulatory recommendations and are buildings that did not receive engineering services.