Engineering Infrastructure Research Articles

Get prepared for unexpected disasters via advanced analytics and simulation techniques for urban hydraulic engineering and water infrastructure

Get prepared for unexpected disasters via advanced analytics and simulation techniques for urban hydraulic engineering and water infrastructure

Тенденции и перспективы развития сельского хозяйства Якутии

The relevance of the topic of the article is connected with the current state of the agricultural industry and the need to solve the problem of food security improvement, especially in the regions of Russia. Agriculture is the most important area that ensures not only the food but also the economic security of the country, which directly affects the level and quality of life of the population. The ongoing sanctions and political isolation of Russia are no less reflected in the agriculture of the regions and from the point of view of food self-sufficiency. In addition, there are transformations that are accompanied by changes in the social structure of villages and organizational and legal forms of rural management. The development of agriculture affects the level and quality of life and the well-being of people in any state. The volume and structure of food, average income per capita, and social living conditions depend on its state. In this regard, effective measures should be taken to ensure the sustainable development of the agricultural industry. The purpose of the paper is to conduct studies of the state of agriculture in one of the North-Arctic regions of Russia, Yakutia, to identify problems and factors that significantly affect the development of its agriculture, as well as to suggest a number of recommendations for measures to improve the situation in agriculture and the development of rural areas. The analysis based on a generalization of state statistics revealed problems about the underdevelopment of the engineering and social infrastructure of agriculture and rural areas and also found that insufficient funds for the development of agricultural industry lead to an annual reduction in agricultural production and the outflow of rural population to cities. The absence of the General Scheme of public administration and the inconsistency of interaction at all levels of government reduce the efficiency of the industry and create a threat to the country’s food security. The results of the study were practical recommendations prepared by the author.

INFLUENCE OF POPULATION EMPLOYMENT ON THE STABILIZATION OF THE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM OF TRANSCARPATIA IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVES

Displacement is the result of the influence of a complex set of factors, among which the leading place is occupied by the employment characteristics of the population region The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of resettlement in Transcarpathian region in the post- war period after the Second World War and its prospects at the present stage. The population is an object and subject of economic progress and its location depends significantly on the level of development and location of production. In general, Transcarpathia is a densely populated region. Density fluctuations are within 38.3 122.8 people/ km.. The settlement of people largely depends on the conditions of topographic zoning. A high population density is observed on the plain. The population density in mountainous areas is much lower. To a large extent, this is due to the special natural conditions of mountainous regions on the one hand and the development of industrial enterprises based on local resources in lowland settlements on the other. The mountain zone has the potential for resettlement, provided the economic base is strengthened and the remote employment of the population is organized. In Transcarpathia, after the Second World War, an increase in natural growth was observed in connection with an increase in the birth rate and a decrease in mortality. However, starting in the second half of the 20th century. The decline in the birth rate was due to the increased level of employment among women. The closeness of the borders and the strengthening of the migration processes of able-bodied people caused a decrease in the specific weight of the able-bodied population and a decrease in its absolute number. At the same time, the reproduction of the region's population was characterized by a gradual decrease in the specific weight of children and adolescents. The period of the 1970s– 1980s was characterized by the creation of a significant number of places of employment in cities. In that period, the growth of places of employment significantly outstripped the growth of labour resources. This led to the development of labour relations between settlements and the growth of pendulum migration, which contributed to the formation of urbanized zones and local settlement systems. Further improvement of the resettlement system in Transcarpathia will contribute to the development of the social, engineering and transport infrastructure of settlements; formation and expansion of labour application points, creation of conditions for development, promotion of increasing the level of urbanization in the settlement system. In the post-war period, stabilization of the resettlement system should be subject to the principle of improving existing settlements. Rational territorial organization of production facilities will make it possible to organize settlements overloaded by natural displacement of people.

Response to discussion on “A Knowledge Transfer Enhanced Ensemble Approach to Predict the Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams without Stirrups,” Computer‐Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 38:11, 1520–1535

Response to discussion on “A Knowledge Transfer Enhanced Ensemble Approach to Predict the Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams without Stirrups,” Computer‐Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 38:11, 1520–1535

Discussion on Pak, Hongrak, Leach, Samuel, Yoon, Seung Hyun, and Paal, Stephanie German (2023) “A knowledge transfer enhanced ensemble approach to predict the shear capacity of reinforced concrete deep beams without stirrups.” Computer‐Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 38:11, 1520–1535

Discussion on Pak, Hongrak, Leach, Samuel, Yoon, Seung Hyun, and Paal, Stephanie German (2023) “A knowledge transfer enhanced ensemble approach to predict the shear capacity of reinforced concrete deep beams without stirrups.” <i>Computer‐Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering</i>, 38:11, 1520–1535

AN ADAPTIVE DECISION-MAKING SUPPORT MODEL IN THE MANAGEMETN OF ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

Reconstruction of engineering infrastructure has become an important topic for Ukraine since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of russian federation in 2022. Standard approach to implementation of programs and projects is inefficient for turbulent environments and therefore the use adaptive approach is relevant. The concept of adaptive management has been analyzed. Means and instruments of adaptive management were analyzed. It was defined that different means and instruments of adaptive management are relevant for different program implementation phases. For the delivery phase these are learning and forecasting, for the closure phase – analysis of obtained experience for more efficient implementation of the next programs, for the definition phase – instruments that can ensure the further implementation of adaptivity to the management processes. An adaptive decision-making support model concept is proposed for adaptive engineering infrastructure reconstruction programs and projects management. The model is based on machine learning methods and can be used for program architecture and project work structure development and management. In this case the decision-making consists in choosing the optimal composition and configuration of the system that is the reconstruction object from among the available alternatives by predicting the values of the parameters of its elements in order to minimize the costs of implementing the program or the project. The model is created with Microsoft Azure Machine Learning Studio, the user interface is created in Microsoft Excel. The distinguishing features of the model are adaptivity due to the use of machine learning methods, possibility of scaling of the model to ensure its application to different system levels and presence of post-processing instruments for different use cases including calculation of additional parameter values, parameter values dependency graphs construction etc. The dataset for the model consists of several parameter categories that characterize the system modelled: technical and technological parameters, environmental parameters, energy efficiency parameters, energy security parameters, economic parameters, operational safety parameters. Keywords: adaptive program management, adaptive project management, decision support systems, machine learning.

Indirect and Direct Impacts of Typhoon In-Fa (2021) on Heavy Precipitation in Inland and Coastal Areas of China: Synoptic-Scale Environments and Return Period Analysis

Abstract In July 2021, Typhoon In-Fa (TIF) triggered a significant indirect heavy precipitation event (HPE) in central China and a direct HPE in eastern China. Both these events led to severe disasters. However, the synoptic-scale conditions and the impacts of these HPEs on future estimations of return periods remain poorly understood. Here, we find that the remote HPE that occurred ∼2200 km ahead of TIF over central China was a predecessor rain event (PRE). The PRE unfolded under the equatorward entrance of the upper-level westerly jet. This event, which encouraged divergent and adiabatic outflow in the upper level, subsequently intensified the strength of the upper-level westerly jet. In contrast, the direct HPE in eastern China was due primarily to the long duration and slow movement of TIF. The direct HPE occurred in areas situated less than 200 km from TIF’s center and to the left of TIF’s propagation trajectory. Anomaly analyses reveal favorable thermodynamic and dynamic conditions and abundant atmospheric moisture that sustained TIF’s intensity. A saddle-shaped pressure field in the north of eastern China and peripheral weak steering flow impeded TIF’s movement northward. Hydrologically, the inclusion of these two HPEs in the historical record leads to a decrease in the estimated return periods of similar HPEs. Our findings highlight the potential difficulties that HPEs could introduce for the design of hydraulic engineering infrastructure as well as for the disaster mitigation measures required to alleviate future risk, particularly in central China.

The Decision-Making Method in the Management of Engineering Infrastructure Reconstruction Programs Using an Adaptive Decision Support Model

The article is devoted to the development of a decision-making method in the development and management of the architecture of engineering infrastructure reconstruction programs and the development of a hierarchical structure of works for such programs. Implementation of relevant processes occurs when using methods of modeling the system-object of reconstruction and forecasting the values of the target function using an adaptive model of decision-making support. The work investigates the direct and indirect influence of the use of the model on the groups of processes of developing and managing the architecture of the program, developing the hierarchical structure of work, the schedule of the program, as well as determining and budgeting costs. The main limitations of engineering infrastructure reconstruction programs have been determined. Five stages of implementation of the decision-making method in the development of the program architecture have been developed, which include data collection regarding the system-object of reconstruction and determination of program limitations, determination of the target state of the system in accordance with existing limitations, selection of alternative sets of equipment to be installed on the objects systems, their comparative analysis, the selection of such a set that corresponds to the smallest value of the target function and the implementation of managerial influence. The main reasons for making changes to the program architecture are also defined, the stages of implementation of the decision-making method in managing the program architecture are developed.

Assessment of crack severity of asphalt pavements using deep learning algorithms and geospatial system

Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL), and Machine Learning (ML) are becoming common in the field of civil and infrastructure engineering. This paper proposes an innovative asphalt pavement health monitoring framework based on state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms, a convenient data collection strategy, a novel crack width calculation algorithm, and a novel geolocation-based crack visualization method. Furthermore, this paper introduces a 2000-image (1440 × 1440) dataset for crack classification, an 8000 image dataset (360 × 360) dataset and another dataset with manually segmented images. Transfer learning based DL model achieved a validation accuracy of 99%. A novel crack width calculation algorithm is proposed based on the skeletonization and gradient calculation on binary images to quantify the severity of the crack. Locations of the cracked surface positions were identified using geotagged images, and a geospatial mapping method was proposed to visualize the crack locations for health monitoring and maintenance purposes.

Overview of the III International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure Solutions (AEGIS-III 2023)

The overview describes the main directions and results of the III International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure Solutions (AEGIS-III 2023) held in Tashkent on 28-30 March 2023 It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. A description of the main trends in agricultural mechanization and food technologies, green infrastructure solutions, environmental engineering for sustainable development of the modern society are given in the overview.List of Programme Committee, Organizing Committee are available in this Pdf.

Simulation-driven engineering for the management of harmful algal and cyanobacterial blooms

Harmful algal and cyanobacterial blooms (HABs), occurring in inland and maritime waters, pose threats to natural environments by producing toxins that affect human and animal health. In the past, HABs have been assessed mainly by the manual collection and subsequent analysis of water samples and occasionally by automatic instruments that acquire information from fixed locations. These procedures do not provide data with the desirable spatial and temporal resolution to anticipate the formation of HABs. Hence, new tools and technologies are needed to efficiently detect, characterize and respond to HABs that threaten water quality. It is essential nowadays when the world’s water supply is under tremendous pressure because of climate change, overexploitation, and pollution. This paper introduces Discrete Event System Specification-BLOOM, a novel framework for real-time monitoring and management of HABs. Its purpose is to support high-performance hazard detection with model-based system engineering and cyber-physical systems infrastructure for dynamic environments.

Slope Rock and Soil Mass Movement Geological Hazards Susceptibility Evaluation Using Information Quantity, Deterministic Coefficient, and Logistic Regression Models and Their Comparison at Xuanwei, China

In China, the majority of mountainous regions are characterized by complex topography and a delicate, sensitive geological environment. These areas, which exhibit insufficient infrastructure and widespread irrational human engineering activities, are often susceptible to geological hazards such as slope instability and soil mass movements. These geological hazards pose substantial threats to human lives and property, hindering the progress of mountainous areas. Therefore, conducting research on evaluating the vulnerability of slope rock and soil mass movement geological hazards (hereinafter referred to as geological hazards) is of utmost importance for hazard prevention, emergency management, and economic advancement in these regions. This study focuses on Xuanwei City and selects eight factors for evaluation, including elevation, gradient, slope aspect, normalized vegetation index, stratigraphic lithology, distance from faults, distance from rivers, and distance from roads. These factors are chosen based on a comprehensive analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of geological hazards and hazard incubation conditions. Two paired models, the deterministic coefficient model + logistic regression model (CF+LR) and the information quantity model + logistic regression model (I+LR), were employed to assess the study area quantitatively. The performance of these models was assessed by employing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the corresponding area under curve (AUC) values. The results indicate that: (1) The AUC values for the coupled CF+LR and I+LR models are 0.799 and 0.772, respectively. These results indicate that both models provide an objective and reliable assessment of the vulnerability to geological hazards, specifically slope rock and soil mass movements, in the study area. (2) Based on the CF+LR model calculations, the geological hazard susceptibility of Xuanwei City can be categorized into four zones: extremely high susceptibility (6.09%), high susceptibility (31.08%), medium susceptibility (32.26%), and low susceptibility (30.57%). (3) The CF+LR model more accurately represents the evaluation results and offers a strong reference value.

Стан та перспективи розвитку малого і середнього підприємництва в умовах війни в Ук

This paper investigates the current state of small and medium business in Ukraine. The protracted nature of the war in Ukraine significantly destabilizes the activities of the subjects of this sector and leads to the deterioration of its development indicators. In particular, a decrease in quantity of active entities small and medium business, a decrease in the rate of registration of new entities, a shortage of own working capital in most small and medium enterprises will have a negative impact on the national economy. The main obstacles to the recovery and development of business activity during the period of validity of state of war are identified. It is the lack of financial resources; continuation of hostilities; interruptions in electricity, water and heat supply; destruction of logistics; increase in production costs; insufficient quantity of paying customers. The peculiarities of state support of small and medium business in Ukraine during the war are considered. The problems hindering the development of national small and medium business in the conditions of war are identified. It is the absence of a program document on the development of the small and medium business sector; low level of access to finance by small and medium business entities; insufficiently developed state financial support programs for IT startups; inefficiency of industrial parks. Proved, that the prospects of the development of small and medium business largely depend on ensuring the implementation of an effective state policy to stimulate its development. In this context, the priorities of the state policy in the sphere of stimulating the development of small and medium business in the conditions of the war in Ukraine are substantiated. It is the development of the State program for promoting the development of small and medium business in Ukraine, coordination of strategies and programs for the development of small and medium business at the state, regional and local levels; attraction of money from international financial organizations and international donors; creation of conditions for increasing the level of access of small and medium enterprises to finance; expansion of state grant support for IT startups; implementation of mechanisms of tax benefits for entities that resume their activities in the de-occupied territories; expansion and creation of new industrial parks with developed engineering and transport infrastructure, creation of favorable conditions for the development of small and medium business within the industrial park.

Fabrication and verification of vertical graphene-based strain sensor

The purpose of structural health monitoring in civil and mechanical engineering infrastructure is to make a structure safer at a lower cost. Strain, one of the crucial monitoring variables, has an innate relationship with deformation and is sensitive to the degeneration of load-bearing structural elements. In this study, a set of wireless real-time data acquisition and strain monitoring systems based on vertical graphene (VG) were developed. Both the parametric study and the feasibility of the VG-based strain sensor in crack monitoring of concrete structures were investigated. The greatest resistance difference in the cyclic tensile test is 2.99%, and the linearity is 2.4%, proving the newly designed sensor has good repeatability and stability. According to the monotonic tensile test based on a micro-displacement control platform, the relative resistance to change ΔR/R rises as applied strain rises and the repeatability error results in 0.576%. According to the notched concrete beam under the three-point bending test, the VG-based strain sensor's discrepancy from the extensometer's monitoring data is within 11.04%. The findings of this study suggest that the newly developed VG-based strain sensor has the potential for practical application in field strain monitoring, thus reaffirming the feasibility and effectiveness of this novel sensing technology.

MASS RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION AS AN ELEMENT OF CRISIS ARCHITECTURE

The world's population loses their homes due to natural disasters and wars every year, many international organizations have been created to eliminate such consequences. Architects as volunteers also make efforts to design typical low-cost mass housing., there is a concept of crisis architecture to denote this phenomenon. Its feature is the fastest possible reconstruction of housing for people in disaster zones. The next term discussed in the article is urbicide, the purposeful destruction of cities caused by wars, terrorist attacks, and other aggressive actions that we have in Ukraine today.&#x0D; The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of mass housing architecture in its relationship with crisis phenomena and urbicide in society. For this purpose, the possibility of reconstruction, reconstruction and development of the architectural and urban structure of cities in the post-crisis period is considered. The features of the crisis architecture of countries and cities affected by wars, as well as floods, fires and other natural disasters (Rotterdam, Hiroshima, Bismaya, Skopje) are analysed. Foremost, the restoration of the engineering infrastructure was observed. Work on solving the housing problem consisted in the repair of damaged buildings, the reconstruction of large apartments into small apartments and the construction of typical temporary low-rise buildings 3 available raw materials. Unified 4-5- story series of economy houses were popular in post-war France, Hungary, Slovakia and other countries. Disadvantages of such housing include chaotic construction, simplification of architectural solutions, lack of individual stylistic features. Later, the temporary residential quarters were dismantled. At the same time, a significant part of such panel houses remains inhabited even in our time. &#x0D; Ukraine was significantly affected by the Second World War. Mass construction according to typical projects took place in the 60s, as a result of which about 23% of the country's housing stock has physical and moral deterioration. In view of the military actions, it is extremely important to use the international experience of rebuilding cities, to carefully approach the selection of projects, focusing on the economic component, the safety of residents and high-quality architectural solutions.

Waste Management Problems on Bawean Island, Indonesia

The policy on waste management in Gresik Regency is not implemented in Bawean Island, which is part of the Gresik Regency area. The absence of Temporary Processing Sites (TPS) and Final Processing Sites (TPA) has made the waste problem more widespread which has an impact on people's lives on Bawean Island. The purpose of this research is to find out the problems in waste management on Bawean Island. Qualitative research methods were used to explore the problems of waste management policy on Bawean Island through interviews, observation, and also documentation at the Gresik Regency Environmental Service and Community Leaders on Bawean Island by selecting subjects using purposive sampling. The results of the study found that the non-implementation of policies regarding waste management in Gresik Regency on Bawean Island was due to budget being the main problem for implementing waste management policies on Bawean Island. Then the government's lack of readiness in managing waste on Bawean Island, such as the lack of a Detailed Engineering Design (DED) concept, facilities and infrastructure in waste management, and outreach to the people of Bawean Island.

Наукові засади відновлення технічного стану інженерної інфраструктури зрошувальних систем в Україні у повоєнний період

Наукові засади відновлення технічного стану інженерної інфраструктури зрошувальних систем в Україні у повоєнний період

THE METHOD OF MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINING THE FLOOD-HAZARDOUS AREA AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES

Abstract. The city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, East Kazakhstan region, annually has a high risk of flooding and flooding of territories caused by spring snowmelt. These extreme phenomena are one of the most dangerous natural disasters, as they cause enormous socio-economic damage to the coastal settlements of the city. In the flood zone, agricultural and residential facilities, as well as engineering and technical infrastructure facilities are indicated. In some years, the funds allocated by the local buzhet to restore the damage caused by the disaster are not enough. One of the most effective means of stopping the consequences of such natural phenomena is an early warning system. Forecasting and modeling of hydrological phenomena can be provided using new IT technologies, some of which are Geoinformation technologies (GIS technologies) based on the cartographic method.In addition to modern advanced data processing methods in the GIS environment, the article presents a water collection design for emergency protection by calculating the main influencing factors of flooding and determining specific scales of flood levels in river valleys near settlements, determining the area of reservoirs collected at a risk control point at specific flood sites, as well as analyzing the detected ers material. The prospects for the use of GIS technologies as a means of forecasting and modeling floods caused by annual floods during the spring snowmelt period are also outlined, an analysis of the real situation is carried out, and a simple design of the shore for use in extreme conditions during periods of flooding is given.

Machine learning‐based prediction of the seismic response of fault‐crossing natural gas pipelines

AbstractHerein, we utilized machine‐learning (ML) and data‐driven (regression) techniques to tackle a critical infrastructure engineering problem—namely, predicting the seismic response of natural gas pipelines crossing earthquake faults. Such a 3D nonlinear problem can take up to 10 h to solve by performing finite element analysis (FEA), considering the length of the pipeline and a large number of pipe and soil elements. However, the ML and data‐driven techniques can learn the projection rule of input‐output and predict the pipeline response instantaneously given a set of input features. In addition, the well‐trained ML model can be implemented for regional‐scale risk and rapid post‐event damage assessments. In this study, the input for ML comprised approximately 217K nonlinear FEAs, which covered a wide range of combinations of soil, structural and fault properties and yielded critical pipe strain responses under fault‐rupture displacements. We adopted various regression models and physics‐constrained neural networks, which can accurately and rapidly predict the tensile and compressive strains for a broad range of probable fault‐rupture displacements. Performances of various ML and conventional statistical models were systematically examined. Not surprisingly, neural networks exhibited the best performance for this multi‐output regression problem, in whichR2 &gt; 0.95 was achieved for a wide range of fault displacement (FD) levels. Further, we used the trained neural network with 14.5 million Monte‐Carlo‐generated input samples to predict the maximum tensile and compressive strain curves of pipelines. This new dataset aimed at filling the missing input‐output points from the 217K FEAs, and improved the accuracy of the prediction of probability of failure for natural gas pipelines under FD hazards.

Investigation of carbon emission in slurry shield tunnel construction based on modified process analysis method

Underground engineering, including shield tunnel construction, is a significant contributor to carbon dioxide emissions in infrastructure engineering projects. To better predict and control the carbon emissions associated with shield tunnel construction, this paper presents a novel calculation method: the modified process analysis method based on input-output and process analysis methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a specific shield tunnel construction project was selected as a case study. The modified process analysis method was used to analyze the various factors that influence carbon emissions during the project’s construction phase. In addition, a neural network approach was applied to validate the accuracy of the calculation using the LSTM and BP neural network. The results demonstrate that the proposed method not only combines the strengths of traditional methods but also offers high accuracy and acceptable error rates. Based on these findings, several measures to reduce carbon emissions during shield tunnel construction are suggested, providing valuable insights for reducing CO2 emissions associated with infrastructure engineering projects. This study highlights the importance of adopting innovative approaches to reduce carbon emissions and promotes the implementation of sustainable practices in the construction industry. Through the use of advanced analytical methods, such as the proposed modified process analysis method, we can effectively mitigate the environmental impact of construction activities and make significant contributions to the global effort to combat climate change.