Energy-saving Projects Research Articles

Energy renovation model in China: Research and recommendations

In the past 20 years, a large number of houses in China have aged, and the energy systems of older houses have lagged behind the current living demand. This research compares the energy renovation models in China and the United States, and founds that the Chinese energy renovation model has difficulties such as a small scope of application and difficulties in raising funds. And then, a case study on the Korean. It concludes that in the early stage of the development of building energy efficiency, energy-saving guarantees mode can promote energy-saving projects. In the middle and late stages, the contract guaranteed market survival space can be suppressed, and the energy-saving industry can be adjusted to be dominated by energy-saving sharing.

ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРЕХОД И ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЕ НА НОВОМ ЭТАПЕ РАЗВИТИЯ

The problem of increasing energy efficiency in the Russian Federation is considered. The USSR energy system was unique in size and efficiency; due to large interconnected energy facilities and the development of district heating, it made it possible to efficiently consume fuel, which resulted in annual savings of 40-60 million tons of standard fuel and 10-15 GW of capacity. After a period of decline in the 90s of the last century, over the past 15 years the country's energy consumption has increased by a third, and structural changes have occurred in the main energy-intensive sectors of the Russian economy. It is noted that industry accounts for about 45% of the Russian energy balance, which is many times more than thermal power engineering (21%). The country's reserves for energy saving and energy efficiency can be divided into two groups. System reserves, consisting of an increase in the capacity and load of “carbon-free” sources - hydroelectric power stations and nuclear power plants, active use of losses and heat from technological processes, optimization of heat supply schemes, account for more than two-thirds of the potential for increasing energy efficiency. The second group consists of the use of renewable energy sources, waste, and biofuels. The country’s energy strategy should not consist in the quick payback of energy-saving projects, but in working on the systemic, multiplier effects of industrial development and infrastructure projects, the growth of large and small cities, and the development of hard-to-reach areas.

Organizational and economic initiatives in the management of energy saving projects in the conditions of the autonomy of educational institutions, digitalization and decentrallization of the system of providing energy innovations

The article is devoted to issues of organizational and economic initiatives in managing energy-saving projects in the conditions of the autonomy of educational institutions, digitalization, and decentralization of the energy innovation system. Based on the study, the ordering of the triangular energy response model was proposed, which leads to the controllability of energy-saving projects. The study aimed to study organizational and economic initiatives in the management of energy-saving projects in the conditions of the autonomy of educational institutions, digitalization, and decentralization of the system providing energy innovations. The article substantiates the feasibility of implementing energy-saving projects under the conditions of autonomy of educational institutions. The complementary and fundamental role of energy conservation, energy efficiency, and renewable energy sources in making a significant contribution to meeting the energy needs of budgeted educational institutions by reducing the amount of fossil fuels and emissions is indisputable. As the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere continues to rise, reaching record levels, despite the continuous reduction of emissions, it is becoming increasingly clear that the development of a clear and planned strategy for the management of energy conservation projects is necessary to achieve long-term climate goals. It has been proven that Ukraine's state policy can influence the speed and form of the energy transition to a zero-carbon future thanks to the energy potential of renewable energy sources and the implementation of energy-saving projects at the regional or local level. The inclusion of initiatives in the transition to renewable energy sources and the reduction of fossil fuels and emissions thanks to the regional energy efficiency policy is a critically important step for the sustainable development of both regions and the state in the conditions of the autonomy of educational institutions, digitalization, and decentralization of the system of providing energy innovations. It is proposed to consider the potential of renewable energy sources in Ukraine and the multi-level perspective of the transition theory to renewable energy sources (macro-, meso--- and micro-levels). Empowering communities to manage projects promotes the perception of energy conservation, sustainability, and ownership, which are essential for the successful implementation of energy conservation projects and usually refers to efforts to adopt or optimize environmental, economic, and social aspects. Implementing energy-saving projects is sometimes called a triple practical result, necessary in digitalizing and decentralizing the system providing energy innovations. Keywords: organizational and economic initiatives, project management, energy saving, autonomy of educational institutions, digitalization, decentralization, system, provision of energy innovations.

Implementation of energy-saving projects within the framework of the energy mana-gement strategy at budget facilities

The article is devoted to the issues of implementing energy-saving projects within the framework of the energy management strategy at the objects of the budget sphere. Based on the research, it was proposed to arrange the adaptation tools for managing energy-saving projects. The purpose of the study was to study the implementation of energy-saving projects within the framework of the energy management strategy at the objects of the budget sphere. Effective energy management system implementation considers not only material and financial resources but also human resources and previous experience in implementing energy-saving measures. The specified features of the energy management principles must be followed when implementing energy-saving projects at budget facilities. Attention is focused on the expediency of analyzing the stages of general energy quality management in detail, which must be considered for energy saving. Some obstacles are given that prevent energy management from creating the proper conditions for increasing energy saving at budget-sector facilities. It has been proven that developing a general strategy for implementing the energy management system at public sector facilities is essential for creating an energy-saving program. The approach to the formation of energy characteristics at the objects of the budget sphere allows the top management to present historical consumption trends, energy costs, the level of competence in energy management, a list of possible projects with an indication of the ratio of costs and benefits; study of experience and results achieved in other institutions. For this, it is necessary to strengthen the commitment of management, which is essential for the success of the energy management system. This commitment includes defining the organizational structure, setting, and approving goals, obtaining the necessary resources, and systematically spreading and supporting the energy conservation program. Modeling the organizational structure of the energy management system is based on interconnected components: the creation of an energy-saving block or zone, the creation of an energy-saving commission, and the hiring of an advisory group. Therefore, within the framework of the conducted research, it is proposed, with the use of adaptive management tools of energy-saving projects, at the beginning of the process, it is necessary to determine the priorities of different local communities and the location features of budget objects in order to ensure a fair transition in the distribution of resources between budget objects about the implementation of energy saving projects within energy management strategies. Keywords: energy diagnostics, energy-saving projects, strategy, energy management, budget objects.

Stimulation of investments in energy saving projects, energy awareness and energy sustainability of organizations in the context of change management

The article is devoted to the issues of stimulating investments in energy-saving projects, energy awareness, and energy sustainability of organizations in the context of change management. Based on the research, it was proposed to streamline the tools of this stimulation, considering modern security challenges. The purpose of the study tools is to stimulate investments in energy-saving projects, energy awareness, and energy sustainability of organizations in the context of change management. The paper examines energy consumption using a new topical approach based on behavior analysis. A key lesson from recent advances in behavioral economics is that people's responses to policy incentives and uncertainty may differ from classical rational optimizing behavior predictions. One of the defining characteristics is a specific support for stimulation as a successful mechanism of influencing behavior, which is confirmed by the practice and experience of foreign countries. It is noted that incentives must be tailored to the individual needs of consumers to be effective. This means that policies aimed at influencing the behavior of energy demand in the residential sector must be detailed, targeting different groups of people in specific ways. The indicated results of the practices of the leading countries make it possible to understand why recent important policy initiatives have not achieved their goals, and they offer lessons for more effective formation of Ukraine's policy based on incentives in the field of energy consumption. The results allow us to understand that the policy of stimulating investments in energy-saving projects, energy awareness, and energy sustainability of organizations in the context of change management should be focused on sustainable energy use to reduce carbon dioxide emissions effectively. In addition, it is theoretically proven that energy use is partially determined by human irrationality and politics and that government can influence energy use behavior. An interpretive analysis of consumer behavior in different countries shows that various incentives are needed to encourage behavior change. The positive role of government regulation and efforts to nudge consumers in the right direction regarding energy use political and social incentives can predict a shift in emphasis from energy efficiency to energy sustainability. Keywords: management, organizations, investment promotion, energy saving projects, energy awareness, energy sustainability, change management, energy-consuming capital.

Technical framework of energy-saving construction management of intelligent building based on computer vision algorithm

At present, China's urbanization transformation is accelerating, the construction industry is developing rapidly, and people's requirements for buildings are also increasing, which leads to the increasing energy consumption. Therefore, energy-saving construction in the construction industry is imminent. During the actual life cycle of a building project, including planning, design, construction and later operation and maintenance, energy consumption will be generated in the above processes. Based on this background, this research realized the design of intelligent building management and information system for energy conservation projects by introducing computer vision algorithm. The system is integrated with laws and regulations, economic benefits, technical steps, quality management, cost management, schedule management and other modules. The design process is relatively complex. Therefore, this work adopts modern computer vision algorithm technology and uses relevant tools to collect, store, and analyze a large amount of information in each stage of energy-saving project management process and realize information management from project approval, design, drawing review, and construction to acceptance. Finally, this paper builds system interface layer, system function layer, and database support layer. The system measurement shows that the building energy consumption can be predicted easily, accurately and stably by inputting the energy consumption data collected by each part of the target building. The system realizes the combination of qualitative and quantitative research on energy conservation regulation and improves the informatization level of China's energy conservation research and construction. This paper designs a kind of intelligent building energy-saving management system by studying computer vision algorithm.

Tools for assessing obstacles in implementation of energy saving measures by enterprises

Purpose. To create methodological tools for assessing obstacles to implementation of energy saving measures by enterprises. Methodology. In the course of the research the following methods were used: economic-mathematical modeling (substantiation of parameters of preferential crediting of energy-saving projects of enterprises on the basis of building models of repayment of loans and obtaining financial and economic results from these projects), classification and generalization (when grouping obstacles to reduction of consumption of non-renewable energy resources), system analysis (in the development of methodological principles for assessing barriers to energy efficiency); economic analysis and technical and economic calculations (when performing empirical studies on barriers to reducing natural gas consumption), questionnaire (when conducting a survey of owners and managers of surveyed enterprises on factors that hinder the implementation of projects), mathematical statistics (to process the results). Findings. Based on the results of a survey of owners and managers of 74 Ukrainian enterprises belonging to three industries characterized by significant volumes of natural gas consumption, the most significant barriers to reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources were identified and grouped. Methods for estimating the level of these barriers by the totality of the studied enterprises and by certain types of financial and economic barriers to reducing the consumption of energy resources are proposed. Models of substantiation of parameters of preferential crediting of energy saving projects which have for the purpose of realization of measures for reduction of consumption of natural gas at the enterprises are constructed. Originality. Existing methods for grouping barriers to reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources have been supplemented by introducing such additional features as the stages of development and implementation of energy saving measures and the factors of occurrence of relevant barriers. The methodological basis for assessing these barriers has been improved by substantiating the approach according to which the height of the barrier is determined by the cost of resources to overcome it. Formalized models of preferential lending for energy-saving projects of enterprises have been built, taking into account the efficiency of budget expenditures for such lending. Practical value. The obtained results can be used by both enterprises and public authorities and local governments in assessing obstacles to reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources and developing a set of organizational and economic measures to overcome them.

Decision-making support system for managing portfolios of energy saving projects at energy-intensive enterprises

Purpose. Development of a software complex based on decision-making methods for managing a portfolio of energy-saving projects at energy-intensive enterprises. Methodology. To solve the problem of managing project portfolios, Markowitz's portfolio theory of financial investments was chosen, which allows for the most profitable distribution of portfolio risk and performing income assessment using optimization methods. In combination with this theory, it was determined to use the methods of finding the maximum Sharpe ratio, as well as the minimum volatility based on a data package of randomly generated portfolios. Findings. As a result of the work performed, a software system was developed, which has in its functionality the automatic download of a data package of selected shares for the specified period of time from the electronic resource, generates a random portfolio and performs its optimization by maximizing the Sharpe ratio and minimizing the volatility of the portfolio. Also, the program has the ability to display the results of optimization of the generated portfolio in the form of tables and graphs. The decision support system for managing portfolios of energy-saving projects was considered through its generalization to methods of optimizing investment portfolios, but taking into account the specifics of the subject area. The software complex was tested on a data set of share prices in energy-intensive enterprises. Graphical data and tables obtained as a result of system operation allow the program user to evaluate fully the created energy saving project portfolio. Originality. The developed software system combines right away several methods, namely: methods of optimizing an investment portfolio according to Markowitz's portfolio theory, methods of finding the maximum Sharpe ratio and methods of finding minimum volatility. This solution allows you to use the system to solve a wide range of tasks. Practical value. The completed development makes it possible to optimize conveniently the investment portfolios for various assets, which makes it possible to use the development of energy saving project portfolio management in energy-intensive enterprises. Also, the system can serve as a basis for such developments.

Building energy-saving engineering based on ferroelectric ceramic parameter tester

Energy issues have always been one of the most concerned issues in the world. To solve the problem of building energy consumption, the future development of building energy-saving projects is more meaningful. This article aims to study the application of the parameter tester based on ferroelectric ceramics in building energy-saving projects. This paper proposes to use the orthogonal test method to elaborate and accurately calculate the energy-saving projects of green buildings and calculate the annual energy-saving rate and load rate of green buildings, to achieve real building energy conservation and reduce energy consumption. The comparative analysis method is used to conduct strict calculation and analysis of the four specific energy-saving systems in the enclosure structure, such as doors and windows, external wall insulation, roof, and sunshading, to more clarify the advantages and disadvantages of each component in the enclosure structure place. According to the experimental data of this article, under the premise that the energy saving rate of this article fully meets the national requirements exceeds 50%, in this model, in terms of the full life cycle cost, the cost of using the worst solution can be reduced by 614,900 yuan compared with the cost of the best solution.

Discussion on Application of Industrial Electrical Automation Technology in Energy-saving Project of Coking Plant

Discussion on Application of Industrial Electrical Automation Technology in Energy-saving Project of Coking Plant

The impact of ownership structure and corporate governance on energy intensity: evidence from Indian business groups

PurposeEnergy efficiency is critical for global sustainability (International Energy Agency, 2019). The purpose of this paper is to examine how agency conflicts arising from pyramidal ownership structures impact the energy intensity (EI) of group-affiliated Indian firms. Group-affiliated firms face unique governance challenges. For instance, parent owners (promoters) may transfer profits from one group-affiliated firm to another firm in which they have greater ownership. The authors hypothesize that such governance issues will lead to underinvestment in energy-saving projects among group firms in which promoters have a low ownership stake, resulting in their greater EI.Design/methodology/approachThe authors measure EI as the ratio of total energy expense to total sales revenue (EI) and as the industry-adjusted version of this ratio. Group-affiliated Indian firms are divided into high- and low-stake firms based on the sample’s median promoter ownership.FindingsResults support the authors’ prediction: group firms in which promoters have low ownership are more energy intensive, consistent with these firms being exposed to greater governance challenges and agency conflicts that result in operating inefficiencies and/or underinvestment in energy-saving projects.Practical implicationsGiven energy efficiency will be key in addressing climate change, this study could raise awareness among activists, motivate regulators to consider agency problems among group-affiliated firms in emerging markets and may underscore the importance of environmental-related corporate disclosures.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to identify the significant impact that firm ownership structure and associated governance challenges have on corporate EI.

The energy-saving projects’ impact on the level of an enterprise’s financial stability

The article developed and tested tools for assessing the impact of debt financing of energy saving projects on the financial sustainability of those enterprises that implement these projects. In particular, an indicator for assessing the level of financial stability of business entities is proposed. The calculation of this indicator is based on a comparison of the forecast value of the flow of income of the enterprise, which it can use to fulfill its obligations to creditors, with the minimum allowable value of this flow, at which these obligations will be guaranteed to be fulfilled by the enterprise. A model for assessing the impact of debt financing of energy saving measures at enterprises on the level of their financial stability has been developed. Analytical expressions have been established for the limiting values of the part of the loan financing of energy-saving projects, under which the financial stability of the enterprise after the implementation of these projects will not decrease or will be at the minimum acceptable level. This made it possible to identify the conditions under which the introduction of investment measures at enterprises aimed at improving energy efficiency leads to an increase in the level of financial stability of business entities. These conditions provide for a limitation on the share of borrowed funds in the structure of sources of financing for energy saving projects, taking into account the forecast values of return on investment and other indicators that affect the ability of enterprises to fulfill their loan obligations in a timely manner. An empirical analysis was carried out on a sample of Ukrainian enterprises belonging to three types of economic activity. This analysis showed, in particular, that an increase in the investment activity of enterprises in the field of energy conservation has a positive impact on their level of financial stability. It was also found that the increase in the share of debt financing of energy-saving projects, to a certain extent, negatively affected the financial stability of the enterprises that implemented these projects. However, at any level of debt financing, the implementation of energy-saving projects made it possible to increase the average financial stability of the companies under study. The purpose of the article is to develop and use tools for assessing the impact of debt financing of energy saving projects on the financial sustainability of those enterprises that implement these projects.

Pre-Emptively Managing Overtourism by Promoting Rural Tourism in Low-Density Areas: Lessons from Madeira

Overtourism refers not only to situations in which carrying capacity levels have been exceeded, but also to those in which tourists and residents share negative feelings of discomfort and other emotions, loss of quality of life and unpleasant experiences in their activities of daily life. The growing number of places struggling with the problem of overtourism suggests that brand new approaches are required to minimize the effects of excessive tourism. However, the impacts of overtourism are place-specific and a one-size-fits-all approach is inappropriate. Many destinations still have a considerable margin to manoeuvre but are nonetheless heading towards increasingly unsustainable levels of tourists per square kilometer. Such regions have time to take some pre-emptive measures based on principles of sustainable development using greener and energy-saving technologies. Over the past few decades, degrowth has arisen as an unorthodox approach based on principles of fairness and social and environmental justice. In certain areas, such as island economies, the economic dynamics remain largely dependent on the tourism sector, which forces the local actors to think and act differently. In this study, we analyze the strategies employed by Madeira to counter the negative effects of oversaturation in a pre-emptive way. The findings of this case study, based on the data at the county level, are enhanced by a panel data analysis of a number of relevant explanatory variables explaining the dispersion of tourists to the rural hinterland. The results suggest that the development of the rural hinterland has proven capable of exerting a progressively positive influence well beyond the borders of the rural hinterland by accommodating a growing share of the increasing numbers of tourists welcomed in the region in the 2002–2019 period, at the expense of the main capital city. This study confirms the importance and potential of the development of the rural hinterland to tackle overtourism in the main tourism areas. In terms of recommendations, it is suggested that local operators and policy-makers must develop efforts to research new ways to adopt energy-saving projects and develop tourisms products that incorporate eco-friendly behaviors.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОЛІТИКИ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЦЕСОМ ЕНЕРГОЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ВОДОПОСТАЧАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the innovative potential of energy saving in the housing and communal services sector, as the ability to develop innovative activities for the implementation of projects to modernize communal infrastructure, in order to reduce energy consumption, which is due to the requirements of ensuring reliability and energy security. Investment projects aimed at introducing renewable energy production technologies have been analyzed. The problem of the quality of wastewater treatment at treatment facilities in Ukraine is considered. The main directions of development and ways of improving the management of energy saving are determined on the example of the modernization of treatment facilities of water supply enterprises. Further directions for the implementation of the proposed projects have been identified, which will ensure efficient processing and disposal of sludge with the involvement of energy-efficient technologies for the production of biofuel. The problem of implementation of energy-saving measures is not new for the authorities, but the implementation of relevant technologies has not acquired a mass character in Ukraine. First of all, this is due to the fact that a few years ago the cost of energy resources was much lower than the market price, which did not create sufficient motivation for frugal energy consumption or investments in energy-saving equipment, technologies or energy-saving projects. In the process of developing a strategy, it is necessary to follow an approach that will contribute to ensuring systematicity in the process of developing the innovative model itself, will create conditions for solving the issues of managing innovations in the energy saving system, and will also make it possible to form a toolkit for its development and implementation. The development and implementation of a strategy for the innovative development of energy saving in housing and communal services should include goals, the choice of means to achieve these goals, and justification of the sources of attraction of the necessary resources. Summarizing what has been said, we note that each industry has its own characteristics that determine the content of innovative and energy policy in this area. For the effective implementation of innovative energysaving technologies in the sphere of housing and communal services of Ukraine, it is necessary to develop a scientifically based strategy for the innovative development of energy saving, which would form the basis for the creation of an integral legal framework for the regulation of the main parameters of the innovative process in the sphere of housing and communal services, the introduction of innovative energy-saving technologies and determine the arsenal of support tools, taking into account scale and social significance. This is an objective necessity of modern existence, since the process should not proceed spontaneously, it should be managed.

Проблемы переработки строительных отходов при строительстве и реконструкции жилых зданий

At present, only 10-15% of the total volume of construction waste is recycled in Russia. Most of the waste has to be buried in special landfills, the capacity of which is almost exhausted. The reasons of low volumes are the following: slow re-equipment process of recycling enterprises; imperfection of legislative base for regulation of relations in the field of operation; lack of state support and economic incentives in the field of construction waste recycling. These problems could be solved by means of providing tax benefits, loans with reduced rates, subsidies from the budgets of different levels so as to implement resource- and energy-saving projects in the field of recycling construction waste and its use as raw material in the production of construction materials with low cost and improved quality characteristics, in order to use it in civil, industrial and road construction, within the mechanism of public-private partnership based on concession.

Ecological and economic assessment of sectoral agricultural technologies

The urgency of the fuel and energy problem determines the need for rational energy consumption in all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. A comprehensive cross-sectoral approach is needed to address the issues of systemic management of energy conservation in agriculture and to substantiate rational measures of economic support for the introduction of energy-saving technologies, equipment and projects from the state. The main advantage of the energy-economic assessment is that its application allows comparison in uniform units of measurement (regardless of the historical period or state, the current market situation) the costs of growing plants or servicing animals with production results and are mainly of national strategic importance.

НАЛОГОВЫЕ СТИМУЛЫ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ОТРАСЛИ РФ

The article presents the results of variable forecasting of project implementation opportunities at energy sector enterprises in the modern economy of the Russian Federation. The author analyzed the world and Russian experience of introducing innovative technologies in the energy sector using tax instruments. Further, the most effective tools used abroad to intensify the activity of enterprises in the implementation of energy-saving projects were briefly outlined. The section "Methodology" identifies priority approaches to forecasting in the segment of energy saving projects. The author also emphasizes the fact that the development and implementation of tax incentives for innovation in this area is fragmentary; the conclusion is made about the actual absence of such measures, as well as the practice of developing and applying tax incentives in the Russian Federation. The section "Results and discussion" presents options for predictive calculations carried out taking into account the presented approaches. The possibilities of modeling energy efficiency parameters are investigated; thus, it is established that the amount of budget revenues will differ when using different periods of accelerated depreciation; at the same time, budget revenues will also be different. The relationship between budget revenues and the chosen option for calculating the depreciation period of equipment used in a particular project is also noted and illustrated. In conclusion, proposals are presented for the formation of a model for evaluating the effectiveness of energy-saving projects using tax instruments, as well as promising research vectors (for example, other factors affecting the final efficiency of energy-saving projects can be taken into account).

Integrated approach for the estimation of regional low carbon potential: Application for Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

Currently, multidisciplinary integrated and quantitative methodologies are necessary for policymakers in deciding a reasonable and acceptable target of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction as well as realization of mitigation actions. Therefore, this study aims to develop an integrated methodology to harmonize the top-down and bottom-up approaches to support the development of low carbon actions at the regional or city level based on their energy-saving programs and technology status. This integrated approach is necessary to bridge the theoretical and empirical frontiers of modeling in quantifying and analyzing the feasibility of the local police framework and international cooperation in terms of climate mitigation projects. The top-down approach uses the Extended Snapshot (ExSS) tool to estimate GHG emissions and reduction potential based on macro socioeconomic information. Meanwhile, the technology-based bottom-up approach is a method to estimate the reduction potential of GHG emissions by accumulating specific energy-saving projects. Parameters related to energy service demand, energy efficiency, energy share, and dispersed power generation are harmonized in the integration process via a set of equations. Under the assumption of socioeconomic growth of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), which is a 1.37 times increase for population and a 4.41 times increase for GDP growth in 2030 compared to 2013, the total energy consumption will increase 3.73 times compared to 2013, which is nearly 26 million toe (Mtoe) in 2030. The total GHG emissions will also increase 4.02 times, reaching nearly 117.2 MtCO2eq if HCMC does not consider any climate change mitigation actions. However, if HCMC successfully implements the mitigation projects discussed and quantified in this study, the total GHG emissions might be lower, approximately 85.6 MtCO2eq. Analysis of the results from the two scenarios (BaU and CCAP) shows that the energy saving potential is approximately 15.0% and that the total GHG emissions reduction potential of HCMC (excluding the potential from grid power, which is outside the effort of HCMC) is 20.7% of BaU’s emissions, which is between the 8-25% reduction target of Vietnam intended nationally determined contribution. By looking at the disaggregation of reduction potential by each sector and project, policymakers can prioritize mitigation measures to meet the GHG emissions reduction target or to maximize GHG emissions reduction potential. The integrated approach requires the consistency between classifications in top-down (driving force based) and bottom-up (technology based) approaches as well as the modification and bridging of the top-down sectors and the bottom-up categories with detailed data. This method is very applicable for cities or regions that are developing climate change action plans with precise technological information.

Methods for evaluating technical innovations in the implementation of energy-saving measures in enterprises

The method of calculating the cost of implementing the system of drying of fuel by gases for reduction of expenses of fuel for the TPP-210A boiler unit is proposed. This method allows to determine changes in the technical parameters of the four options for the use of fuel for the unit: normal fuel, without drying, with drying in a closed system, and with drying in an open system (the last 3 options involve degraded fuel). Processed fuel requirement will decrease by 14 %. Project economic efficiency is 0.3 US dollars/US dollars. The project payback period is 3.33 years. Program (Project) Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) was used as the data collection methodology. The network schedule of the planning process and determination of its design parameters of the energy-saving project development are built. As an additional method for the collection of primary data to calculate the cost, the primary data collection tool ‘1C Enterprise’ software product was used.• To determine the cost of the project, the methodology for estimating the implementation of the project of the gas fuel drying system based on the determination of capital costs and technological capabilities of technical equipment is improved;• It is proposed to use the method of network planning and management in the system of development of energy-saving projects as it allows to determine the design parameters to increase the efficiency of research activities;• This methodology for estimating the technical and economic calculation of the implementation of the project of the gas fuel drying system for cost reduction may be of interest to industrial enterprises and thermal power plants that use steam boilers.

Experiment and simulation research on heat exchange of different types of underground heat exchangers

Compared with traditional bored pipe heat exchanger geothermal collection technology, the continuously optimized energy pile technology is more efficient and economical in the application of building energy-saving projects. According to the structural characteristics of three different underground heat exchangers of deep buried pipe energy pile, inside buried pipe energy pile and traditional bored and buried pipe heat exchanger, we analyze the heat transfer characteristics through field test and numerical simulation. The results show that at the same depth, the heat exchange and heat exchange efficiency of single deep buried pipe energy pile are higher than those of traditional bored buried heat exchanger. Under the same pile length, the heat exchange rate of single deep buried pipe energy pile is higher than that of the inside buried pipe energy pile. The high thermal conductivity of the pile foundation can significantly improve the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger. The well-pile section heat exchange ratio of the deep buried pipe energy pile reaches 1.95. The installation of the deep well can not only reduce the thermal interference caused by the pile foundation thermal accumulation, but also compensate for the adverse effect of the small heat exchange tube spacing on the heat exchange. By optimizing the construction process of the heat exchanger and reducing the thermal interference effect between the heat exchange tubes, the overall heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger will be effectively improved. <fig fig-type="abstract-image" id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="SP.J.1249-2022-39-1-20/48BEB0D3-18F9-4a9d-93C3-E7253C6DB4C2-F001.jpg"/></fig>