Energy Power Supply Research Articles

Characterization of Temperature and Strain Changes in Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on a Hinged Differential Lever Sensitization Fiber Bragg Grating Strain-Temperature Simultaneous-Measurement Sensor.

Li-ion batteries are expected to become the mainstream devices for green energy storage or power supply in the future due to their advantages of high energy and power density and long cycle life. Monitoring the temperature and strain change characteristics of Li-ion batteries during operation is conducive to judging their safety performance. The hinged differential lever sensitization structure was used for strain sensitization in the design of an FBG sensor, which also allowed the simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature. The temperature and strain variation characteristics on the surface of a Li-ion soft-packed battery were measured using the des.igned sensor. This report found that the charging and discharging processes of Li-ion batteries are both exothermic processes, and exothermic heat release is greater when discharging than when charging. The strain on the surface of Li-ion batteries depends on electrochemical changes and thermal expansion effects during the charge and discharge processes. The charging process showed an increasing strain, and the discharging process showed a decreasing strain. Thermal expansion was found to be the primary cause of strain at high rates.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПРОГНОЗИРУЕМЫХ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ НЕСИНУСОИДАЛЬНОСТИ НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА

A significant problem of ensuring the quality of electricity, including the sinusoidal voltage in the distribution grids of energy systems and power supply grids, arose with the growth and use of equipment with a nonlinear load characteristic. Modernization of production and an increase in its energy efficiency are associated with the use of such electrical equipment. In this regard, in the last decade, the problem of the higher harmonics has become one of the important consequences of global innovative development throughout the world and in Russia in particular. However, the creation of conditions for the operation of all electric receivers in a power system with poor quality of electrical energy causes certain difficulties. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is determining the predicted values of non-sinusoidal voltage based on statistical analysis in distribution grids. (Materials and methods) Methods for analyzing non-sinusoidal voltage and finding deviations from established norms are considered. Studies of non-sinusoidal voltage in distribution grids have been carried out, and critical values of indicators and a constant component have been determined. (Results and discussion) Additional losses from the influence of higher harmonics in distribution electrical grids account for about 4 percent of losses at sinusoidal voltage. In the grids of agro-industrial enterprises, as well as in the grids of traction substations, similar losses reach 17 percent. The maximum value for the entire measurement period is taken as the basis for the measurement result of the harmonic component voltage coefficient, since this approach does not take into account one-time emissions, which in the general structure do not affect the operation mode of electrical equipment. Measurements were carried out in all electric grids on the low and medium voltage side in the Irkutsk region, and the paper presents the results of measurements in the southern electric grids of Irkutsk and its suburbs. (Conclusions) Studies have revealed the presence of a constant component of the coefficient of harmonic components and single emissions exceeding the average operating values. The main regularities of the non-sinusoidal voltage coefficient for the measurement period and the effect on the operating modes of electrical equipment connected to distribution grids are determined.

A review on the microgrid sizing and performance optimization by metaheuristic algorithms for energy management strategies

A growing concern over climate change and the depletion of conventional energy resources have led to the urgent need for sustainable and resilient energy solutions. The optimization of the size of renewable sources is crucial to maximizing their effectiveness. In contrast to conventional single-objective optimization, the multi-objective technique aims to achieve a trade-off between energy cost and power supply reliability. Due to this need, microgrids (MG) have emerged as a promising paradigm, allowing for localized and decentralized energy generation and distribution. Consequently, the conventional techniques for modelling and optimizing exhibit numerous limitations as the power grid continues to produce substantial volumes of high-dimensional and diverse data types. This review paper examines the use of metaheuristic algorithms in the context of multi-objective energy optimization for hybrid renewable energy-integrated microgrids. A comparative analysis of diverse metaheuristic algorithms for microgrid optimization is provided in this paper, which emulates natural phenomena, such as evolutionary processes and swarm dynamics. Based on the findings of case studies, it can be concluded that trade-offs exist between various objectives, eventually leading to the development of both resilient and efficient microgrid designs. By reviewing sustainable energy solutions, and advocating microgrids as viable alternatives to conventional centralized power systems, the review enhances the advancement of sustainable energy solutions.

Solar energy and wind power supply supported by battery storage and Vehicle to Grid operations

Worldwide activity in renewable energy is a motive power to introduce technological innovations. Integrating intermittent energy sources such as solar energy and wind power with battery storage and Vehicle to Grid operations has several advantages for the power grid. The first advantage is that energy storage supports the power grid during the periods that the power grid is facing challenges from high peak demand. The second advantage is that using battery storage and Vehicle to Grid operations would shift the power grid load from the peak and busy time to less demand time. And the third advantage uses energy storage and Vehicle to Grid operations to smooth the fluctuating power supply fed into the power grid by intermittent renewable energy resources. This energy storage idea is of particular importance because, in the future, more renewable energy sources are integrated into the power grid worldwide. The research objective includes the results and examines the role and advantages of battery storage and Vehicle to Grid operations integrated into intermittent sources. The battery storage and Vehicle to Grid operations will create a renewable power supply and enhance the power grid reliability, including a large proportion of intermitted renewable energy sources.

Simulation of Short-Term Modes of Operation of Traction Power Storage Devices

The concept of building a traction power supply system with power storage devices provides for their operation to solve the following problems: increasing the transit and carrying capacity, energy efficiency of transportation, reliability of power supply and quality of electric energy. The implementation of pilot projects to solve various problems in the field of traction power supply both in Russia and abroad shows their technical effectiveness.Improving reliability of power supply with the help of storage devices today is considered mainly for options for their use as on-board devices on electric rolling stock or as stationary devices at traction power supply system facilities. Increasing reliability of power supply is achieved through operation of energy storage systems in case of forced or post-emergency modes of operation of traction power supply systems. When solving this problem, it is required to evaluate the voltage level, the change of which is due to the discharge characteristic of the used energy storage device.The objective of the work is to assess the change in the voltage level and energy intensity of the energy storage device used on-board electric rolling stock or as stationary one at traction power supply facilities.Based on the proposed models, the paper assesses the change in the voltage of the energy storage device for the conditions of a short-term absence of voltage in the catenary system using the example of three types of batteries and a supercapacitor. The results obtained in the work allow proceeding to assessment of the performance of electric energy storage systems under various conditions of development of traction load and for different operating modes of the traction power supply system.

Optimization of Multi-Phase Motor Drive System Design through Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation of Heat Dissipation

In power semiconductor systems such as inverters, managing losses is critical for optimizing performance. Inverters, which convert DC to AC for applications such as renewable energy systems, motor drives, and power supplies, are significantly affected by the thermal performance of components such as metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Efficient thermal management is critical for the longevity and performance of power electronic systems, especially in high-power applications. Designing effective thermal management strategies for inverters reduces losses, increases efficiency, and improves performance while considering space constraints and complex component interactions. In this study, power electronics simulations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) thermal analysis were integrated to design the inverter. Using an integrated simulation, a thermal analysis was performed based on the inverter losses per module. A power electronics simulation was used to verify the validity of the loss values in the inverter design, and the CFD thermal analysis facilitated the visual analysis of the variables to be considered. The validity of the design was evaluated through experimental verification of the inverter system. A temperature saturation of 63.9 ℃ at 60Arms was recorded in the simulation, and a temperature saturation of 45 ℃ or less at 59Arms to 60Arms was obtained for each phase in the actual test. Considering the ambient temperature difference, it showed a difference of approximately 9.9 ℃. This conclusion allows us to reduce the high probability of risk derived by considering a small margin of safety for each variable in the design. This solution can be used to compactly design real inverters and solve complex thermal problems in power semiconductor-based systems. Finally, this study analyzes the similarities and differences between CFD simulations, power electronics simulations, and real-world experimental validation, highlighting the importance of thermal management in improving the efficiency of power electronic systems, particularly inverters.

Analysis of the Development of China's New Energy Battery Industry in The Past Ten Years

As the global warming and relevant environmental problems became more and more prominent, China expedite the process of promoting low carbon and environmental protection. Recently, China's new energy battery industry develops rapidly and steadily. This essay elaborates the operation and development potential of the major enterprises in the industry, and then analyzes the market share of the industry, specifically compares the profit level of the new energy power industry, and studies the factors and main characteristics of the development of the industry. Through in-depth detailed analysis of the upstream and downstream industries of the new energy power supply industry, this paper mainly studies the development of the industry in the past ten years, and puts forward relevant suggestions, hoping to provide effective suggestions for the policy formulation of relevant departments and investors in the industry.

The Evaluation and Obstacle Identification of Urban Infrastructure Resilience in China

Urban infrastructure is the lifeline and material foundation for the normal operation of cities. It is of great significance to accurately evaluate the resilience level of urban infrastructure and identify the main obstacle factors for the construction of resilient cities. This paper establishes an index system for urban infrastructure resilience evaluation from three dimensions: Pre-disaster prevention capacity, disaster resistance capacity, and post-disaster recovery capacity. It also uses the CRITIC method to determine the index weights and identifies the main obstacle factors based on the obstacle degree model (ODM). The results show that urban infrastructure resilience in China is generally low and varies greatly in terms of structure across provinces and municipalities. The main obstacle factors affecting urban infrastructure resilience include the capacities to conduct pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster recovery in the production and supply of electricity, gas and water, to construct infrastructure recovery projects, and to ensure energy supply and power supply. It is recommended to promote the application of the concept of “resilience” throughout the entire process of urban planning, construction and governance, understand the current situation of urban infrastructure, coordinate the investment of resources such as funding, manpower and technology, enhance the robustness and redundancy of urban infrastructure systems, actively optimize the layout of urban infrastructure, and continuously improve the application of intelligent technologies in infrastructure systems.

Benefit Analysis and Comparison of Electric Heating System for Municipal Central Heating

Electric heating can not only relieve the pressure of municipal central heating but also help to solve the problem of wind and light abandonment, which is an important direction for the future development of central heating. To maximize the comprehensive benefits, this paper constructs three kinds of electric heating systems. According to the comprehensive benefit evaluation of technical, economic, and environmental aspects, the comprehensive optimal scheme is selected. An office area in Beijing is taken as an example to determine the optimal scheme of electric heating and heating supplement. The results show that the comprehensive benefit of the heat pump + phase change accumulator system is the best, but the environmental benefit needs to be further improved. To promote the pace of electric heating and heating supplement, the government should increase the subsidies for electric boiler technology. At the same time, clean energy power supply enterprises should improve the trading mechanism of the electric heating market and reduce the price of clean energy heating.

Sustainability design and analysis of a regional energy supply CHP system by integrating biomass and solar energy

A regional energy supply system integrating biomass and solar energy combined the heat and power system (RES-CHP) is developed. This hybrid energy power supply system retrofits the traditional regional energy supply (RES) system by coupling a solar-driven biomass gasification system, a gas turbine system, and a solar collecting system. In order to better utilize the high temperature sensible heat of syngas, a new integrated design is developed. The heat generated by the syngas is utilized to preheat the gasifying agent and feedstock. The effect of several key parameters on the composition of the syngas is investigated. At the optimal design point, the system is analyzed for energy, exergy, economy and emissions (4E). The results showed that the energy and exergy efficiencies of the RES-CHP system reach 42.57% and 39.52%, respectively. Economic analysis shows that over the projected 10 years, the proposed system has a positive NPV and better investment value. RES-CHP system provides low CO2 emissions about 4.146 kt/year, which is 32.3% less than the reference system.

BAS-PSO Algorithm for Integrated Energy System Optimization of Multiple Energy Supply Facilities

Regional low carbon will play an important role in the path of achieving the “double carbon” goal, and there are still many key technologies to be broken in its planning research. In this paper, an optimal scheduling model of integrated energy system with multiple energy supply devices is established by using Beetle Antennae Search-Particle Swarm Optimization (BAS-PSO) algorithm. First, in the scheduling model, a carbon trading mechanism is introduced and a stepped carbon trading cost model is constructed to constrain the carbon emissions of the plant. Then, using drosophila algorithm, the premise of whether wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation need to be built is determined by judging the economics of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation in the construction area, and then the target power consumption curve and new energy power supply output curve are fitted. Then use the life cycle analysis method to analyze the carbon emissions generated by electric energy storage equipment, consider the carbon trading mechanism in the system economic operation model, and solve the model by BAS-PSO algorithm to overcome the problems of local optimum and slow convergence speed. Finally, a typical park integrated energy system is simulated to analyze the economic operation conditions and energy efficiency level of the system before and after participation in demand response. The innovation of this paper lies in considering the carbon trading mechanism and solving with the optimized BAS-PSO algorithm. Considering carbon trading can effectively improve the system wind power consumption capacity, and the optimized BAS-PSO algorithm improves the defects of traditional PSO. The simulation analysis results show that the established optimal scheduling model with multiple energy supply devices can realize the optimal operation of the integrated energy system of the park in the demand response environment; the improved BAS-PSO finds the lowest energy consumption within 100 iterations in 21 out of 50 iterations; the improved BAS-PSO algorithm reduces the energy consumption by 27.1 kW on average.

Analysys of the performance a PEM-type electrolyzer in variable energy supply conditions

In this article, the main variables related to the performance of a proton exchange membrane-type electrolyzer are analyzed along with the risk of explosion for different operating conditions, notably when the electrolyzer works with a variable solar energy power supply and at high pressure. A novel mathematical model was developed that considers all mass transport phenomena through the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for water, hydrogen, and oxygen, as well as the water evaporation in the anode and cathode channels. The main findings of this work are that for a solar energy supply operating at high pressure, the electrolyzer cannot function safely throughout the day, since in the hours when solar irradiation is lower, low current densities favor high hydrogen concentrations at the anode. Finally, it was found that greater thicknesses of the membrane increased the explosion risk due to the increase in the MEA temperature and therefore the hydrogen solubility.

CMOS-Compatible Titanium-Based Micro Supercapacitor With Outstanding Capacitance and Frequency Performances

Micro supercapacitors (MSCs) with high capacitance density offer enormous potential for on-chip energy storage and power supply filtering. However, the capacitance decay under an AC condition and incompatibility with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Transistor (CMOS) processes greatly restrict their application as filtering capacitors in integrated circuits. This work presents a wafer-level MSC with outstanding capacitance and frequency performances, contributed by the hybrid TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ti electrode structure and a novel CMOS-compatible fabrication methodology. The highly conductive Ti framework with optimal porous structure provides a fast transfer channel for electrons/ions, while a 6 nm-thick TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , in situ oxidized-grown on the Ti framework, offers exceptional pseudocapacitance. Meanwhile, a 3D electrode architecture is fabricated through a proposed High-Aspect-Ratio Porous Electrode Lift-off (HPEL) process, benefiting capacitance and rate performance. Hence, the MSC shows a capacitance density of 10.12 mF/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at a high scan rate of 1 V/s with a characteristic frequency of 550 Hz, which is superior to the reported on-chip MSCs. Furthermore, such proposed design and fabrication strategies are simple, low-cost, and CMOS-compatible, promising for mass production.

APPLICATION OF ASCA TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF HARMONIC DISTORTIONS SOURCES IDENTIFICATION

One of the most important components of the electricity market is its instrumental support, which is a set of systems, instruments, devices, communication channels, algorithms, etc. To control and manage the parameters of energy consumption and energy supply. The basis for the formation and development of instrumental support is the automated systems of commercial account of electric power (ASCA). In addition to the tasks of monitoring energy consumption and power supply, it is also advisable to use ASCA to solve the tasks of monitoring the power quality, identifying the culprits of harmonic distortions and determination the degree of participation of each element of the distribution system in the distribution of higher harmonics power in order to improve the quality and reliability of power supply consumers and adjust the amount of payment for consumed electricity. This paper discusses the issues of the possibility of ASCA for monitoring the harmonic set of voltage and current curves in distribution systems in order to identify and assess of harmonic distortion sources. The block diagram of an industrial facility ASCA and its main components are considered. An algorithm for expanding the functionality of electricity meters is proposed, which makes it possible to control the harmonic composition of the supplied power, to register the power and energy of higher harmonics. Considered are the issues of using counters with recording the power and energy of higher harmonics as part of the ASCA.

Performance Optimization of Multi-Base Station Heterogeneous Network Based on New Energy Power Supply

The future mobile communication system will face a challenge of explosive growth of access devices, which leads to a sharp increase of energy consumption at base stations (BSs). How to gain signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) of more users while assuring system stability becomes a problem that has to be solved urgently. In this article, a multi-BS heterogeneous network system model which is equipped with renewable energy (RE) production devices is constructed and a hybrid optimization algorithm which is composed of a linear programming (LP) algorithm and multiobjective genetic algorithm is proposed. The hybrid algorithm considers RE output and existing inventory of batteries of BSs comprehensively and maximizes the sum of SINR (sum-SINR) of users in the system through user scheduling and beam forming. First, the hybrid algorithm relaxes the binary parameters of user scheduling into a continuous value during user scheduling, thus changing the mixed integer nonlinear programming problem into an LP problem. As a result, user scheduling scheme of maximizing sum-SINR of the system is solved. Subsequently, the algorithm changes the maximum sum-SINR problem of the system into a multiobjective optimization (MOP) problem of maximum SINR of different BSs during beam forming. The fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II that carries the elitist strategy gains the Pareto frontier of MOP based on semidefinite programming constraint and finds the beam forming scheme of maximum sum-SINR of the system. According to stimulation results, the proposed hybrid optimization algorithm can increase sum-SINR of system users effectively while assuring the system stability.

Multiobjective Optimization of Traction Substation Converter Characteristic and Train Timetable in Subway Systems

Currently, power supply accidents and excessive energy consumption occur frequently in DC traction power systems of multitrain subway lines. Rail potential (RP) exceeds the standard limit frequently, energy consumption and fluctuation of the traction current are high, which are directly affected by the traction substation converter characteristic and train timetable. In this paper, multi-objective optimization of traction substation converter characteristic and train timetable is conducted to realize the safe and economic operation of subway systems. Firstly, a power flow calculation platform with multitrain running dynamically is established to work out the operating parameters of the system. Then, a multi-objective optimization model consisting of maximum RP, energy consumption and maximum traction current is designed. For the coordination of multiple goals to be optimized, an enhanced Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-III (NSGA-III) is proposed to obtain an optimal traction substation converter characteristic and train timetable. Finally, the multi-objective optimization is conducted with the data of Guangzhou Metro Line 2. Results indicate that three optimized objectives are dropped by 43.8%, 33.4% and 40.3% respectively based on the proposed optimization method, which will greatly enhance the energy conservation and power supply safety of subway systems.

Resource scheduling and performance analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems with carbon neutrality consideration: A scenario-based multi-agent approach

Given the increasing global consensus on carbon neutrality for sustainable development, a key related challenge is to build a hybrid renewable energy system that simultaneously ensures stable power supply and carbon neutrality. This paper proposes a complete framework for designing, scheduling optimization, evaluation and analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems at the village scale. The framework integrates zero-carbon system design based on agent-based modeling, comprehensive evaluation of scheduling schemes under a multi-index system, and analysis of the impact of policy parameters, implemented through programming on the AnyLogic platform. The proposed framework was applied to a simulated region in Zhoushan, China. The results show that among the seven scheduling schemes, the photovoltaic/wind turbine/battery/diesel system is the best resource scheduling scheme in the region, with renewable energy power supply accounting for 98.5% of the total supply, the net present cost of $42,108.174, the cost of energy of $0.072/kWh, and the annual carbon dioxide emission of 5,064.346 kg. Installing carbon capture, utilization, and storage equipment can achieve carbon neutrality without significantly affecting system costs, with only an additional net present cost of $1,200. Among all meteorological factors, wind speed has the greatest impact on system performance and should be given priority in wind power generation. In terms of micro-behavioral management, discrete gear setting for diesel engines is better than continuous gear setting and more helpful in reducing system economic costs.

New power system development path mechanism design

Carrying out green energy transformation, implementing clean energy power replacement and supply, and developing a new power system are some primary driving forces needed to fulfill China’s carbon-peak and carbon-neutral strategic goals. The construction of new power systems in China’s provinces and cities is developing rapidly, and the lack of a typical model promotes the application. The new power system path design should be based on the actual development of the power grid in different regions, energy use characteristics, and other actual needs to carry out the differentiated path design. In this context, this study analyzes the characteristics of the new domestic power system based on the policy background of the new domestic power system, constructs a new model for power system development stage identification, and proposes the overall design of the new power system development path from the power supply, transmission and distribution, and load sides. It also uses the Hebei South Network as an example to explore the development stage of the Hebei South Grid based on actual development needs. Finally, this study designs a novel power system development path for the entire supply and demand chain for the Hebei South Grid to propose ideas for constructing a new power system in China and to help green energy transformation.

Assessing challenges to sustainability and resilience of energy supply chain in Pakistan: a developing economy from Triple Bottom Line and UN SDGs’ perspective

ABSTRACT This research aims to identify and analyse the challenges faced by the energy–power supply chain (LNG Power) in Pakistan a developing economy from combined perspectives of supply chain sustainability and resilience in the context of the Triple Bottom Line framework, UN SDGs 7, 13 and energy security. The significance of this research increases many folds as energy-power supply chains have been severely disrupted by events such as COVID-19, the Russia–Ukraine war and massive devastation caused by floods in Pakistan. Pakistan meets more than 60% of its energy-power needs from natural gas (including LNG), being less harmful than coal and oil power generation. The industry is in a state of deep crisis as it faces a complex set of challenges. Exploratory research design using a mixed method case study approach was used for the identification and shortlisting of challenges. Later these were ranked using group BWM. Major challenges were lack of strategy, top management commitment, weak compliance to UN SDGs, stalled structural reforms, disasters, lack of supply chain orientation, risk management culture, financial instability, LNG non-availability, demand uncertainty, infrastructure inadequacies and lack of awareness of Industry 4.0. The research enables policy-making besides providing energy practitioners a roadmap to overcome these challenges.

A Novel DC Transmission and Distribution System with 100% New Energy Consumption

With the continuous development of new energy technology and the continuous improvement of people’s green and low-carbon awareness, distributed photovoltaic, wind power, and other new energy are more and more widely used. On the other hand, the development of new industries, such as electric vehicle charging stations and data centers, has increased the DC load significantly, showing the characteristics of the coexistence of AC and DC user loads. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study how to effectively utilize new energy and realize the direct power supply of AC and DC loads to achieve the dual carbon goal. Combined with the development trend of new energy and DC transmission, this paper proposes a ±10 kV DC transmission and distribution architecture with 100% new energy consumption, which can realize the complete local consumption of new energy and reliable power supply for diversified AC and DC loads, maximizing the reduction of power loss caused by AC-DC conversion. This paper discusses the key devices and key technologies in the above architecture and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages and application scope of various methods in the current research results.