Energy Input-output Analysis Research Articles

Energy input-output analysis cost for tomato production in Turkey

Energy input-output analysis cost for tomato production in Turkey

Comprehensive evaluation of CCUS technology: A case study of China's first million-tonne CCUS-EOR project

CCUS, an emerging technology for reducing carbon emission, plays a crucial role in achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. CCUS technology exemplified by CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is gradually progressing from project demonstration to large-scale application. However, the commercial application still faces uncertainties in economic cost, energy efficiency and environmental benefits. This paper takes China's first million-tonne CCUS-EOR project (Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS-EOR project) as an example, and establishes a comprehensive research framework for evaluating CCUS from the three dimensions of energy, environment, and economy, based on economic viability, energy input-output analysis, and carbon input-output analysis. The results demonstrate that during the project lifecycle, when the average oil price is $90/bbl, the project's NPV is $56.09 million, the project's IRR is 13.4 %, the payback period is 8.34 years, and the threshold oil price for the project to be economically profitable is $81.52/bbl. Furthermore, the Energy Return on Investment (EROI) of the project is 9.09, which considerably superior to that of the Shengli Oilfield's non-EOR, and the net energy output is approximately 18,472.57 kilobarrels. The Carbon Return on Investment (CROI) of the project is 4.12, with significant environmental benefits, and the cumulative net carbon emission reduction is approximately 8078.55 kilotonnes. Furthermore, the trends in EROI and CROI of the CCUS-EOR project demonstrate nearly opposite trajectories. The variation trends in EROI emerge N-shaped curve, while that of CROI emerge S-shaped curve. In summary, the Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS-EOR project exhibits notable advantages in terms of energy efficiency and environmental benefits. However, the threshold oil price for triggering economic profitability is relatively high, which may pose certain economic risks to investors during periods of low oil price.

Energy Input-Output Analysis for Onion Production in Major Onion Growing Areas of Karnataka State

Energy Input-Output Analysis for Onion Production in Major Onion Growing Areas of Karnataka State

On-farm energy input-output and economic analysis of important essential oil-bearing Mint species in subtropical India

Mint species are grown worldwide and known for their medicinal and aromatic properties however, studies on its energy assessment are very scarce. This study quantifies the energy input–output relationship of herbs and essential oil production of different mint species (M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. spicata, M. cardiaca and M. citrata) which were commercially grown in subtropical India. This study proposes for life cycle assessment and their effects on environment. The energy inputs and outputs were significantly varied with mints species. Results showed that mints essential oil production used more energy than herbs, and M. citrata utilizes the highest energy in both cases. Fire wood requirements for essential oil extraction accounts maximum (59.16 %) energy input. Mint herbs and essential oil yields were recorded higher in M. citrata (23.14 t ha−1), and M. arvensis (143.2 kg ha−1), respectively. Energy yields were estimated highest in M. cardiaca (herbs), and M. arvensis (essential oils), and required net calorific values were tested by automated advanced oxygen bomb calorimeter. Overall, M. arvensis showed the best results in energy production (0.07 kg MJ−1), profitability (0.27), net return (17156.40 MJ ha−1), and energy use efficacy (1.27) for mint herbs production. However, for essential oil production M. cardiaca performed well. This study revealed that mint herbs production was more energy efficient than essential oils extraction although essential oil production is fiscally secure.

Can a new power system create more employment in China?

The transition from the coal-dominated power sector to the renewable energy-dominated new power system will inevitably result in significant social impacts. Taking China as the study case, we employed an integrated methodology combining the energy system optimization model, input‒output and structural path analysis, to explore the employment effects of the new power system, including the energy source, grid, load and storage. The results show that growth in solar power, wind power, energy storage and power transmission and distribution will have positive impacts on employment, while coal power shrinkage will result in negative impacts. Under new power system scenarios, renewable power can create additional 673–730 thousand jobs by 2030 and additional 2,431∼2,706 thousand jobs by 2060 compared with the business-as-usual scenario. However, jobs losses due to coal power shrinkage will reach 665–747 thousand jobs by 2030 and 3,127∼3,398 thousand jobs by 2060 compared with the business-as-usual scenario. In the meantime, power grid and energy storage can create additional 443–604 thousand jobs by 2030 and additional 2,138∼2,764 thousand jobs by 2060. Though the new power system will have positive employment impact in general, social justice should still be considered when there is an employment structure transition alongside the power structure shift.

Determining the Amount of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Primary Energy Consumption in Different Production Sectors of Iran: A multi-factor Energy Input-output Analysis

Determining the Amount of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Primary Energy Consumption in Different Production Sectors of Iran: A multi-factor Energy Input-output Analysis

Energy input–output analysis and greenhouse gas emission in okra and tomato production in Chotanagpur plateau region of India

Energy input–output analysis and greenhouse gas emission in okra and tomato production in Chotanagpur plateau region of India

Energy use Pattern in Cotton and Groundnut Production in the Gezira Scheme, Gezira State, Sudan

This research examines the energy use patterns and energy input–output analysis of cotton, and groundnut in the Gezira Scheme which is the largest irrigated scheme in Sudan. Inputs and energy sources were determined by a face to face questionnaire applied to 200 farmers. For the cotton crop, the inputs and output energy were calculated as 27659.28MJ/ha and 28084MJ/ha, respectively. Fertilizer was the highest input (62.29%), followed by water (28.10%). Energy efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and water productivity were 1.01, 0.09kg/MJ,11.62MJ/kg, 0.31kg/m3, respectively. For the groundnut crop, the inputs and output energy were calculated as10222.83MJ/ha and 67372MJ/ha, respectively. Water was the highest input (72.25%), followed by seeds (8.56%). Energy efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and water productivity were 6.59, 0.40kg/MJ,2.51MJ/kg, 0.29kg/m3, respectively.it could be concluded that these crops are heavily dependent on nonrenewable energy.

Energy Input-Output Analysis and Technical Efficiency of Honey Production in Turkey: A Case Study from Çanakkale Province

This study was carried out in order to determine the relationship between the energy inputs and yield and technical efficiency of honey production in Çanakkale, Turkey. Data used in this study were obtained from 87 beekeepers using a face to face questionnaire method. The sample was selected according to stratified random sampling method. Stochastic frontier analysis was used in order to estimate the technical efficiency of honey production. According to the results, the energy use efficiency were found as 0.85, 0.87 and 1.08 in the groups, respectively. The distribution of the direct energy was lower than that of indirect energy and the highest energy inputs were provided by diesel fuel in all the groups. According to the efficiency analysis results, the technical efficiency scores were found as 0.74, 0.78 and 0.85 in the groups, respectively. Results of this study indicated that the inputs in the honey production were used more efficiently in the third group.

Spatial-temporal analysis of China's carbon intensity: a ST-IDA decomposition based on energy input-output table.

It is of crucial importance to identify the driving factors for emission changes since China's commitment to reduce carbon intensity in 2009. Hence, the spatial-temporal variation of carbon intensity of China's 30 provinces from 2010 to 2017 is explored by applying a Spatial-temporal Index decomposition analysis (ST-IDA) model combined with energy input-output analysis. Industrial structure, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission coefficient are identified as driving factors; simultaneously, a new factor, energy conversion efficiency, is also introduced based on the energy input-output analysis, which is of significance as China is vigourously pushing electricitification. The results show that the carbon intensity of economic sectors in most provinces declined from 2010 to 2017. Energy intensity is the biggest contributor to both the temporal decline of carbon intensity and its spatial difference for economic sectors, followed by industrial structure, energy conversion efficiency, energy structure and carbon emission coefficient, while the rank of inhibition of each factor is the same as above. Meanwhile, the carbon intensity of the residential sector is mainly affected by per capita GDP and per capita energy consumption. Related policy suggestions are given.

Energy input-output analysis under different farm sizes of forage maize cultivation in the Varamin region

Energy analysis in agriculture plays a significant role in developing the human perspective towards agricultural ecosystems, which enhances the quality of decision-making and planning in agricultural management and development. In this study, according to data obtained from the agricultural centers of the Varamin region, the different levels of forage maize cultivation were classified into three levels, less than one hectare (A1), between one to three hectares (A2), and more than three hectares (A3). By calculating the amount of input and output energy, energy evaluation indices, such as energy use efficiency, energy productivity, and net energy, were determined and compared at the different levels of utilization. According to the results, an increase in the cultivation levels, the human labor, machinery, diesel fuel, oil and nitrogen fertilizer (N) energies decreased, but the water for irrigation, phosphate (P2o5) fertilizer, potassium (K2O) fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides, and seed energies increased. On the other hand, the maximum amount of energy consumed at each level was calculated for nitrogen fertilizer inputs and diesel fuel, respectively, and the lowest ones were calculated for pesticides and potassium fertilizer, respectively. According to the results, the energy use efficiency in the different levels of utilization for A1, A2, and A3 levels was 11.02, 21.97, and 22.94, and the energy productivity for these levels was 1.37, 6.87, and 11.47 kg MJ-1, respectively. Finally, net energy ​​was calculated as 349175.43, 458157.76, and 478208.72 MJ ha-1, respectively.

Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Primary Energy Consumption in MENA Countries: Energy Input-Output Analysis

Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Primary Energy Consumption in MENA Countries: Energy Input-Output Analysis

Multi-objective optimization of energy use and environmental emissions for walnut production using imperialist competitive algorithm

Although the agricultural sector is an important source of bioenergy production, this production can be considered sustainable when energy consumed and environmental emissions are optimal. As such, the assessment of energy flow, environmental emissions of walnut orchards in Alborz province of Iran and their simultaneous optimization by multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm are the main goals of this investigation. Input-output energy analysis, IMPACT 2002+ method of life cycle assessment, and multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm are used in the energy-environmental evaluation for optimization in this study. Results ascertain that energy uses of the entire output and input are computed to be 31,015 and 27200 MJ ha−1, respectively and that gasoline with 40% is the dominated consumer of energy. Moreover, energy use efficiency is 0.88, which indicates energy inefficiency in walnut production. Environmental results shows that On-Orchard emissions with a share more than 50% in ecosystem quality, human health, and climate changes and gasoline in resources category are the main hotspots. Multi-objective optimization illustrates that the reduction in total energy is 19316 MJ ha−1 (about 62%) and gasoline with 58% is the most energy saving input among all. On the other hand, the total weighted emission decreases by about 1.47Pt (about 40%). Generally, results reveal that timely maintenance can help orchardist attain close to optimal condition. Furthermore, the application of imperialist competitive algorithm not only can offer optimum pattern of walnut production, but also be extended to the world for different crops.

Energy input-output analysis of rice production in Nigeria

Abstract Energy input-output assessment for crop production processes is becoming increasingly important due to increased energy demand. Efficient use of energy can help achieve an environmentally, economically and socially viable sustainable crop production system now and for the future in general. This paper explores the energy inputs and consumption patterns for rice production system in Nigeria. Energy related data were collected through field surveys, direct measurements, interview with farmers and structured questionnaires for two growing seasons in nine (9) rice farms, comprising of three small, medium and large farms, respectively. Energy requirement for land preparation, planting, crop maintenance (fertilization and weed control), threshing, and harvesting were calculated using standard equations. The average energy input for rice production in small, medium and large farms were 14813, 14543 and 14067 MJ/ha, respectively, while the average yield obtainable were 6695, 7060 and 7364 kg/ha, respectively. There is a significant difference among the three farm categories in respect to input energy and agronomical managements such as transplanting date and land preparation. Energy input in fertilizer application was the highest with 73.80, 75.11 and 76.90% of the total energy input in small, medium and large farm, respectively. The net energy values were 82733, 88321 and 93226 MJ/ha, respectively. Energy ratio in small, medium and large farms were 6.58, 7.07 and 7.62, respectively. Large farms had better energy efficiency due to better management of energy resources. Minimizing input energy through increased level of mechanisation will boost rice production in Nigeria.

Comparative analysis of energy input-outputs of different tillage methods in second crop corn production

In this study, conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT) methods energy input-output analysis during second crop corn production have been carried out. The trials were performed between 2015-2016 in Ceylanpinar Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises Karatas region, Turkey. The findings showed that among tillage methods, the least energy input was ZT (23724.15 MJ ha-1), and the most energy output was CT (138510 MJ ha-1). In energy productivity, the highest value was on ZT (5.54). The highest value in corn yield was found in CT method with 9500 kg ha-1. This is followed by ZT (9100 kg ha-1) and RT (8750 kg ha-1), respectively. As a result, although CT can be preferred due to its high yield, it has been observed that ZT and RT tillage methods should be supported especially due to its ecological and high energy productivity.

An ensemble approach for assessment of energy efficiency of agriculture system in Pakistan|

An efficient assessment of energy consumption, energy flow, and energy use efficiency in crop (maize) production is inevitable to accomplish the intensive demand for energy. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models based on energy input-output analysis are commonly used for the assessment of energy efficiency. However, standard implication of traditional (CCR) and extended (SBM) models has shortcomings in reporting efficiency score; CCR neglects slacks while SBM caused problems when reporting efficiency over time. To overcome this problem, an ensemble approach that compromised the characteristics of two models (CCR-SBM) is proposed in the current study. Based on the weighted average of the relative efficiencies of two contending models, an ensemble efficiency (EE) score was reported for energy efficiency evaluation of considered DMUs. Preliminary analysis ensued average maize yield of 6874 kg ha−1 with an overall energy input of 42,241.45 MJ ha−1, and net energy gain, energy use efficiency (average), specific energy, and energy productivity, were 58,806 MJ ha−1, 2.39, 6.15 MJ kg−1, and 0.16 kg MJ−1, respectively. Using four major shareholders of input energy (i.e., fertilizer, diesel fuel, irrigation water and chemicals) and, maize yield as output, the projected ensemble approach resulted in an unproductive trend of energy use efficiency in Pakistan with an average ensemble efficiency score of 59.67%, and plausible potential of energy saving from 7181.046 to 33,370.74 MJ ha−1. Furthermore, the ensemble approach showed that EE score could help to significantly reduce the shortcomings of slacks and time fluctuation when reporting efficiency score, compared with using individual models. The proposed approach scrutinized and provided a comprehensive state of the actual situation of energy efficiency in maize production of Pakistan that is important in the context of decision-making. Results of the study suggest resource conservation measures through better agricultural management practices, and production methods and extension activities are required to improve the efficiency of energy consumption in maize production of Pakistan.

Comparative Input-Output Energy Analysis of Citrus Production in Turkey: Case of Adana Province

The aim of this research was to determine the input output relationship of the enterprises producing citrus which applied and did not apply good agricultural practices in Adana province of Turkey during the production season of 2014. Data was obtained from 85 citrus producers who applied good agricultural practices by survey method. Besides, the same survey was also conducted with the same number of producers who did not apply good agricultural practices for the comparison of the enterprises. Energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy were calculated as 2.03, 0.85 kg MJ−1, 1.18 MJ kg−1 and 43,555.33 MJ ha−1 in mandarin production by good agricultural practices while in the enterprises not applying good agricultural practices, they were calculated as 1.88, 0.78 kg MJ−1, 1.28 MJ kg−1 and 41,528.80 MJ ha−1, respectively. In lemon production, energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy were calculated as 1.82, 0.76 kg MJ−1, 1.32 MJ kg−1 and 37,856.24 MJ ha−1 in the enterprises applying good agricultural practices while in the enterprises not applying good agricultural practices, they were calculated as 1.58, 0.66 kg MJ−1, 1.52 MJ kg−1 and 30,791.57 MJ ha−1, respectively. According to the energy analysis results, citrus production by good agricultural practices in the region appeared to be more advantageous agricultural activity.

The energy input-output analysis of maize production in Sundarharaincha Municipality, Morang district, Nepal

Maize is the second largest crop grown in Nepal and is grown in all three geographic zones. The objective of this study is to analyse the energy input-output of maize production systems. The study is conducted in Sundarharaincha municipality of Morang district, Nepal, using direct questionnaires methods for the collection of primary data of varying landholding sizes farmers. The study revealed that total energy input and output for maize production system found about 10, 999.61 MJ/ha and 45, 501.52 MJ/ha, respectively, with the highest share by farmyard manure (FYM) about 50%. The energy use efficiency was found 4.14. Total CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions due to chemical inputs were found 163.24 kg/ha, 0.03 kg/ha and 0.33 kg/ha, respectively. The total Global warming potential was found 178.58 CO2 eq. per ha. The average cost of production were calculated USD 301.35/ha and profit USD 272.26/ha.

Conceptual assessment of energy input-output analysis and data envelopment analysis of greenhouse crops in Crete Island, Greece.

The current study observes the input/output energy quantities and its associated financial value, in vegetable greenhouses on Crete, Greece, for the 2015-2016 cropping seasons. The utilized data was taken in regular direct basis for the implementation of energy input-output analysis and data envelopment analysis. For input data analysis, four crop practices were used tomato, pepper, cucumber, and eggplant. The outcomes of the expended majority of energy input-output analysis showed that fertilizers count for 53%, fossil fuel counts for 16%, and electricity counts for 12%. The mean crop and energy consumption for each crop practice were estimated as 94,036MJ/ha and 171,950kg/ha, 115,473MJ/ha and 173,000kg/ha, 81,196MJ/ha and 128,893kg/ha, and 146,067MJ/ha and 209,501kg/ha, respectively. Inputs with the biggest shares in total inputs were manpower counts for 30%, fertilizers count for 22%, and crop protection counts for 16%. DEA method showed that the mean values of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency were 0.90193, 0.97272, and 0.80322, respectively. The mean scale efficiencies were set as 0.80. The findings of this research would be valuable to the inefficient producers undertaking into consideration the recommendations made by this method, where the overall input in Euro could be meaningfully condensed without any reduction on the current overall output.

Corrigendum to “First-order estimates of the costs, input-output energy analysis, and energy returns on investment of conventional and emerging biofuels feedstocks” [Biofuel Res J 5 (4) (2018) 894-899

Corrigendum to “First-order estimates of the costs, input-output energy analysis, and energy returns on investment of conventional and emerging biofuels feedstocks” [Biofuel Res J 5 (4) (2018) 894-899