End Of XVIII Research Articles

Императорская Российская академия в конце XVIII — первой половине XIX веков (к 235-летию учреждения Российской академии)

Императорская Российская академия в конце XVIII — первой половине XIX веков (к 235-летию учреждения Российской академии)

LITERARY SOURCES OF ORNAMENTAL SUBJECT COMPOSITIONS OF FRENCH PRINTED TEXTILES OF THE END OF THE XVIII - THE BEGINNING OF THE XIX CENTURY

Printed textiles are one of the most ancient and significant branches of the design of textiles, the development of which, within the framework of the European cultural tradition, includes consideration of such questions as canonical schemes of ornamental constructions and style trends of fine art. The end of XVIII - beginning of XIX century was a period of flourishing of French applied art, its dominance in Europe as a generally recognized standard. It was also a period of rising public interest in French literature, the images of which were embodied in one of the most widely replicated types of applied art - ornamental printed textiles. The article describes the main sources of ornamental plot compositions of French printed textiles of the late XVIII early XIX century. The emergence reasons in drawings of a heel-tap of these or those characters and scenes from literary works are defined, the semantic analysis is carried out them. The technique of the translation of art and graphic language of a book illustration in language of subject textile ornamentation is revealed.

СИСТЕМА ЖАНРІВ ЯК «ЖИВА ЛІТЕРАТУРА»

Review of the monograph: Chyk Denys. Longo sed proximus intervallo:genre systems of Ukrainian and English prose of the end of XVIII — the middle of XIX century. Khmelnytsky, 2017. 356 p.

The Southern Periphery of the Russian Empire and a Problem of Colonialism (on materials of National Policy of Russia in Relation to the Crimean Tatars at the end of XVIII – the beginning of the 20th century)

The Southern Periphery of the Russian Empire and a Problem of Colonialism (on materials of National Policy of Russia in Relation to the Crimean Tatars at the end of XVIII – the beginning of the 20th century)

Między polityzacją etnosu a etnicyzacją demosu: refleksje o polityce narodowej na Bałkanach

The article is the analysis of the nation-building processes on the Balkans in the XIX-XXI centuries which took place in the model due to Central Europe. The social elites on the Balkans started to form the nations as the political communities due to the influences from the the Enlightenment and Napoleonic Era. At the turn of the XVIII and XIX centuries two ideas were boosted: illyrian and hellenistic ones. Both lost and the weekness of illyrian and hellenistic ideas was due to the history of the region as mature estate monarchy was not formed in the late Middle Ages. Particular Balkan people came across the will to build four historic communities on their territories from the end of XVIII to the beginning of XX century: Austrian (German-Habsburg), Hungarian (Magyar), Turkish (Osmanli) and Greek (Hellenic). The social elites who claimed to be the carriers of the national ideas began to act to expand the concept to ethnos speaking the mother tongue but with no national identity. The Austrian-Hungarian rivalry on the consciousness of the people and the direction of politicisation took place. Both feuding sides of the conflict agreed upon the necessity to politicize the ethnos which meant the formation of the demographic basis for demos. The demotic classes on particular lands rejected the political claims. The natural answer from the demotic classes was the will to form their own political community. Such the way of thinking formed the base for the national programmes which could be evaluated as the maximum programmes: the Great Serbia, the Great Croatia, the union of the Slovenian lands, the United Macedonia, the United Albania, the union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the projects România Mare and the Great Bulgaria. Still, the concepts had no real historic-state roots similar to Yugoslavia. Such a situation caused that on the Balkans the consideration about the nation in political categories was rejected by the consideration about the nation in ethnic-cultural categories. The outcome of the process was the ethnicisation of demos.

Bey-Bulat Taymiev as an outstanding military and political figure of Chechnya in the first quarter of the XIX century

This paper analyzes the political and military situation prevailing in Chechnya at the end of XVIII - the first quarter of the XIX century. The authors note that the crisis of the military-political situation in Chechnya occurred after a number of regions and countries of the Caucasus joined Russia in the early XIX century. The establishment of effective control over the unconquered mountain people converted from a purely border problem into a strategic task for the tsarism. This task was given to General A.P. Yermolov who paid all his attention to the left wing (which included Chechnya) of the Caucasian line and Chechnya became a priority of his policy. A.P. Yermolov immediately began to carry out a rigid policy towards the mountaineers, the aim of frequent punitive expeditions was to intimidate the Chechens. A.P. Yermolovs policy gradually led to the consolidation of different Chechen communities, primarily divided into clans and tribes. This rigid policy of the Caucasian Chechen governor in 1825 raised uprising. Bay-Bulat Taymiev headed this movement. In this connection the paper also explores the uprising of Bay-Bulat Taymiev in 1825-1826, the causes and nature of the movement of mountaineers, analyzes the causes of the defeat and the result of the uprising. The authors assess the role and significance of Bay-Bulat Taymiev in the history of Chechnya.

The Educational Level of Civil Servants in the North-Eastern Ukrainian Provinces of the Russian Empire at the end Of XVIII – the first half of the XIX century (for example, Officials of District Courts)

The Educational Level of Civil Servants in the North-Eastern Ukrainian Provinces of the Russian Empire at the end Of XVIII – the first half of the XIX century (for example, Officials of District Courts)

Bribery and Extortion of the Civil Officialdom in the Russian Empire at the end of XVIII – the first half of the ХІХ century

Bribery and Extortion of the Civil Officialdom in the Russian Empire at the end of XVIII – the first half of the ХІХ century

Three approaches to the shaping of metal structures as a means of expression in the interior between the end of XVIII - early XIX century

Three approaches to the shaping of metal structures as a means of expression in the interior between the end of XVIII - early XIX century

Educational activities of Ukrainian scientists

The article deals with educational activities of Ukrainian scientists at the end of XVIII - beginning of the XXI century. The work of outstanding scientists, as well as the role of scientific societies is described. The importance of education in the fight against diseases and epidemics was shown. The historical examples of both positive and negative functions of the popularization of knowledge are emphasized. The important role of education in modern Ukraine is indicated.

Administrative and management systems in territories of tatars living at the end of XVIII - the beginning of the XX centuries

This article deals with the administrative and management systems which were used in the territory where Tatars lived (Ural-Volga region) in the Russian Empire. It is established that the living of the Tatar people wasn't considered as the main feature of the region. Thus, until 1917 there was no plan to set up a separate administrative unit covering the area of the prevailing Tatar population (unlike, for example, the Bashkir and Kazakhs). The then administrative system reflected the imperial character of the Russian state. It manifested itself in the formation of a vertical power structure supported by the local elite and taking into account local management traditions, but controlling all key institutes and positions. The hypothesis is proved that evolution of the Russian government in the territory of the Ural-Volga region was based on the process of gradually pulling up suburban territories to the standards of local management in central Russia. These standards didn't consider national traditions of management, were based on the unified principles of rationalization and bureaucratization of management with the priority of state interests in administrative practice.

Wpływy Wschodniosłowiańskie w zakresie fonetyki i zapożyczenia w polskiej antroponimi mieszkańców pogranicza polsko-ukraińskiego z końca XVIII – początku XIX wieku

<p>Język ukraiński, zdaniem autorki artykułu, wywarł pewien wpływ na antroponimię polską. Uwidacznia się on m.in. w fakcie występowania licznych polskich nazwisk zawierających elementy wschodniosłowiańskie (przeważnie pochodzenia ukraińskiego), poświadczone w katolickich księgach metrykalnych z terenu Galicji. Autorka stwierdza, iż szczegółowa analiza polskich antroponimów z Drohobycza z końca XVIII – początku XIX wieku stanowi ważny, lecz słabo zbadany element szerszego zjawiska językowej interferencji polsko-ukraińskiej.</p>

Правовое Регулирование Деятельности Конфессий в Российской Империи в Конце XVII – Начале ХX Вв (Legal Regulation of Activity of Faiths in the Russian Empire at the End of XVII – The Beginning of the XX Centuries)

Russian Abstract: В современный период в России происходит переосмысление исторического опыта, включая и проблемы правового регулирования деятельности конфессий в Российской империи в конце XVIII – начале ХХ вв., так как обращение к прошлому позволяет определить степень подготовленности общества к осуществлению различного рода преобразований в государственной и общественной жизни.English Abstract: During the modern period in Russia there is a reconsideration of historical experience, including also problems of legal regulation of activity of faiths in the Russian Empire at the end of XVIII – the beginning of the XX centuries as the appeal to the past allows to define degree of readiness of society to different implementation of transformations in the state and public life.

Аникеев А.А., Линц И.И. Развитие образования на Ставрополье: конец XVIII - начало XXI в. Пятигорск; Ставрополь, 2016. 446 с

Аникеев А.А., Линц И.И. Развитие образования на Ставрополье: конец XVIII - начало XXI в. Пятигорск; Ставрополь, 2016. 446 с

Контент-анализ инаугурационных речей (на материале речей президентов США конца XVIII – начала XX вв.)

Контент-анализ инаугурационных речей (на материале речей президентов США конца XVIII – начала XX вв.)

The idea of ukrainian national-state revival (end of XVIII – beginning of XX century)

In the article examines the content and evolution of the idea of Ukrainian national-state revival in public opinion leading public figures, lawyers, political parties in the Ukrainian lands late XVIII - early XX century.

Формирование регионального литературно-художественного сборника в литературно-издательской ситуации Сибири конца XVIII - начала XIX века

Формирование регионального литературно-художественного сборника в литературно-издательской ситуации Сибири конца XVIII - начала XIX века

Источники формирования мещанского сословия на территории Юго-Западной Сибири (конец XVIII — середина XIX в.)

Источники формирования мещанского сословия на территории Юго-Западной Сибири (конец XVIII — середина XIX в.)

From the History of the Ecclesiastical Seminary of Our Saviour and Bethany and its Library (the End of XVIII - the Beginning of XIX Century)

The article is devoted to the history and development of the Ecclesiastical Seminary of Our Saviour and Bethany and its Library at the end of XVIII - beginning of XIX Century. In the work there are used the materials of the Scientific-Research Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library and other sources. They allow to make conclusions on the role of Seminary's library in the history of national education of the XVIII century. Article is of interest for historians, specialists in library science and history of education.

Экономическая деятельность французских переселенцев на юго-западе Российской империи в конце XVIII – первой половине XIX века (по материалам государственных архивов Украины)

Экономическая деятельность французских переселенцев на юго-западе Российской империи в конце XVIII – первой половине XIX века (по материалам государственных архивов Украины)