End Of XIX Century Research Articles

Intercultural origin and philosophical background of Argentinian Tango

The paper offers a philosophical and anthropological investigation of the industry of entertainment, which during recent decades has faced the process of rapid development and transformations. The author argues that various intercultural influences have played an essential role in the process of its formation, development and spreading. Tango developed as a product of the influences of Afro-Argentinians, local nomadic cowboys (gauchos) and European immigrants who flooded Argentina at the end of XIX century. Therefore the philosophical and cultural background of this dance is profoundly multicultural. Cultural interactions become even more intensive after tango went beyond Argentina and conquered Europe and the USA. Recently, in academic discourses, there coexist two different views towards the phenomenon of tango – local and global: traditional Argentinian “el tango porteño” is replaced by “el tango nomade”. Both the localized and globalized aspects of tango dance contribute to the result that it became so popular and dynamic field of the industry of entertainment. Phenomenology and philosophy of the dialogue helps to unveil essential, philosophical aspects of communication performed through tango dance. The German philosophers M. Heidegger and H. Arendt and the Austrian philosopher of Jewish origin M. Buber help to analyze tango from the perspectives of phenomenology and philosophy of the dialogue. Such a philosophical approach reveals a dialogical nature of this dance, enables to regard it as a silent dialogue, authentic and deep human relationships.

Категория законного интереса в юридической науке

A study of category of legitimate interest in law has a value for its application in practice in various areas of law. At all stages of the of research of legitimate interest, scientists have considered this category by category of interest. These categories relate to each other as a private and common. During the research a legitimate interest in the law the author identifies three periods: the pre-Soviet (the end of XIX century until 1917); Soviet (1917—1990 years); Post-Soviet (from 1990 to present). The legitimate interest was examined by the researchers in a broad sense as the target of subject which it seeks to achieve, and in a narrow sense — as a legal mean. Category of legitimate interest remains the same no matter in what area is its implementation. Legitimate interest provides only the subjects’ desire that is not contrary to law and is within the scope of legal regulation. Relevant to the present time in the scientific studies is that they point out the need for protection of the legitimate interests on
 a par with the subjective rights.

Dіjalnіst polskikh ta ukraїnskikh cokіlskikh tovaristv u Skhіdnіjj Galichinі naprikіncі XIX – na pochatku XX st.

Activity of Polish and Ukrainian Sokil societies in Eastern Galicia at the end of XIX – at the beginning of XX centuries. Th e article analyses diff erent activities of Polish and Ukrainian Sokil societies in Eastern Galicia at the end of XIX – at the beginning of XX centuries. In the article it is discovered the infl uence of socio-political process, which happened on West Ukrainian lands at the end of XIX century, upon the birth and development of Sokil movement. Th e main expansion ways of Sokil gymnastic and sport activity are determined. It is insisted that Ukrainian Sokil, being created ad exemplum of Czech and Polish ones, adopted only neighbors’ names and organizational structure. It is underlined that the new stage of combat for the statehood, being waged by the dependent nations, had begun thanks to activities of Sokil youth organizations of Austrian Hungarian Empire at the end of XIX – at the beginning of XX centuries. In was important that particularly this gymnastic and sport Sokil societies became the heart of Polish and Ukrainian army at the beginning of XX century.

The debate on the strengthening of two slender masonry structures in early XX century: A contribution to the history of wind engineering

In this paper, the debates and the studies carried out in the first half of the XX century on the dynamic response of two slender masonry structures to wind actions are presented. The two buildings are the St. Gaudenzio Basilica in Novara and the Mole Antonelliana in Turin, both designed by the Italian Architect Alessandro Antonelli at the end of XIX century. Their exceptional audacity (121 and 167.5m high, respectively) raised many doubts on their structural safety, leading between 1930 and 1954 to many consolidation interventions. In the case of St. Gaudenzio, these works apparently produced new damage, in an impressive sequence of failure and interventions. For this reason, a heated debate concerning the dynamic response of the structure to wind action was aroused between 1939 and 1942. In the case of Mole Antonelliana, wind action was only marginally considered until the collapse of the spire in 1953, but its reconstruction was undertaken through a number of experimental tests carried out in the wind tunnel of the Aeronautics Laboratory of Turin Polytechnic in 1954. These experiments were among the first pioneering wind tunnel tests on civil structures in Europe.

Paradigma da confissão e arqueologia do si em Nietzsche

Resumo A experiência da subjetividade moderna vive no fim do século XIX uma deslocação de questões que passam e se manifestam por formas inéditas de escrita. Na recuperação do gênero autobiográfico o Nietzsche de "Ecce homo" está consciente que só uma nova forma do diálogo da consciência consigo mesma pode, assim como aconteceu pelas "Confissões" de Santo Agostinho e pelas "Meditações" de Descartes, fixar a imagem deste novo "eu".

DYNAMICS OF THE BILCHENOK SURGING GLACIER IN THE KLYUCHEVSKAYA VOLCANO GROUP

Summary Evolution of the Bilchenok surging glacier in Kluchevskaya group of volcanoes,Kamchatka, from the end of XIX century to now is presented. After retreat in the beginning of XX century, the glacier became more active and advanced in the late forties. The powerful surge of the glacier has occurred in 1959/60 when its terminus has promoted on2 kmand has gone down to height of 615–630 m in birch forest. During the next glacier advance (1982–1984), glaciological and volcanological researches were done on its tongue. Scale of this advance were less considerable, than the surge of 1959, and the volume of transferred ice was as great as about 35–40 million t., that is 3.5 times less than at the previous one. During the advance of Bilchenok Glacier in 1980–1983, seismic activity near Ushkovsky volcano was marked. We can assume that advance and character of its development are appreciably connected with strengthening of seismic activity, and with the raised thermal stream in caldera of the Ushkovsky volcano, influencing temperature and rheological properties of ice. The large surge of Bilchenok Glacier in 1959–1960 was preceded by a smaller advance, which has led to increase in constraining «stopper» in a trailer part of the glacier and to additional pressure on an overlying site up to a sole of icefall. Nowadays the glacier advances again.

Social Space and Its Varieties in Music: To the Problem of Archetypes

The problem of social space has been actively developed in philosophy, sociology, art history and related humanities from the end of XIX century, but still it has not been reflected adequately in the musicology. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the existence of archetypes “intimate” and “personal” space as varieties of the social space as exemplified by musical works XVII - XX centuries, to identify their features in the music and determine the ways of expression. In science the archetype traditionally implies “patterns” of the collective unconscious. The concept of the archetype of in the form of “historical model” can be interpreted as a reflection of different social structures and their corresponding behaviors, in which a variety of space-time representation, such as “intimate”, “personal” space should be used. We have applied the methods of differential psychophysiology, proxemics, hermeneutics, epistemological method and musicological analysis in our work. As a result of the study the intimate space features in the music were established: modeling of human inner life processes. The ways of expression include a monologue-reflection and a monologue-self-reflection. The intimate space structure is characterized by inwardness, closedness, by the reproduction of features having the same volume. The personal space features in the music mean the presence of something unusual, ingenious in the “behavior” of a musical character. The ways of expression of the ingenious include departure from the usual genre and stylistic norms of the musical language of the epoch; the presence of various forms of dialogue; high extent of the energy message transmitted through the intensity of the experienced emotion directed to the outside world; thematization of the musical texture layers. The structure of personal space is open, discrete and depends on the behavior of the character and the events taking place in it expressed using an intonation contrast, a conflict. Clear differentiation of features of the different social spaces in the music simplifies their identification in the content of musical genres. It is through the character understanding that comprehension of the character’s person in the history of the culture of a certain epoch and its reducing as a carrier of history of human communities transferred in the musical sound occurs. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s1p553

The fate of subspecies category in Zoological systematics. 1. the history

Subspecies is the only taxonomical category inferior to species which application is governed by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Although the first attempts to use it are dated by the end of XVIII century, it becomes regularly applied only by the middle of XIX century, along with trinomial nomenclature. At that, the current sense of the term, i.e. subspecies as a morphologically and spatially separated population group or as a synonym for "geographical race", has become established even later, by the end of XIX century. The concept of polytypic species, which has already taken shape in 1900s (in the works by ornithologist E. Hartert and entomologist K. Jordan), has been incorporated later into the modern evolutionary synthesis. The peak of the concept popularity fell on 1940-50s, then the evident crisis of subspecies systematics began to show, and is still showing nowadays, especially in systematics of invertebrates. The reasons behind the drop of subspecies category popularity are discussed, among them the emergence of novel species concepts where the rank of subspecies is not used (the phylogenetic species concept), impossibility to verify the validity of previously described subspecies by means of statistics or molecular systematics, etc. Nevertheless, in systematics of vertebrates, the category of subspecies still remains called-for.

Development of Archiving In the Russian Province in the End of XIX Century - 1930s (Case Study: the Kazan Province and Tatar Republic)

Relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that study of archiving history at regional level is important for the very sectoral science of archive studies, as well as for institutional history of Russia. In this connection this article is aimed at study of experience of formation and evolution of archiving in Tatarstan in the end of XIX century – 30s of ХХ century, since basic principles of the Russian archiving organization were developed and originality of its development in the republic was revealed precisely in this time, and correlating its features with common features peculiar to the Russian archiving in general is a relevant task. The object of this article is analyzing the trends of archiving development at All-Russian regional scale based on the materials of the Kazan Province and Tatar Republic. The historical-comparative method allowing to compare regional experience to the All-Russian one on the basis of history sources, is the leading approach to research of this problem. Results evidencing the influence of public, economic, political and cultural processes which occurred in the Russian Empire in the late imperal period and the first decades of the Soviet government on the process of formation of the very archive establishments structures and on formation of office work and archiving culture, are presented in the article. Materials of the article represent value for studies of institutional history of the late imperal period and the first decades of the Soviet government in the Russian history.

NATURAL SECURITY (VULNERABILITY) OF GROUNDWATER USED FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY IN KIEV

Purpose The article is devoted to security (vulnerability) of groundwater used for drinking water supply in Kiev. Object of research are groundwater horizons and complexes in territory of Kiev. Subject of researches is the groundwater horizons security. The purpose of researches is Kiev’s territory estimation from the point of view of hydrochemical groundwater changes security. Methodology The published scientific information about hydrogeology conditions of Kiev’s drinking groundwater horizon and complex changes for the period of their operation was analyzed. The groundwater complex (J2-3iv + K1-2zg-br) and groundwater horizon (J2or) were considered. They are used for drinking water supply from the end of XIX century. Were assembled and processed the groundwater chemical analyses actual data which used for drinking water supply. Data are accumulated and processed in geographic information system medium. Finding The problem of security for drinking groundwater in natural conditions and in conditions of anthropogenic influence is investigated. From the end XIX – beginning XX of century the groundwater complex (J2-3iv + K1-2zg-br) chemical structure has changed. The class of quality of water on ДСТУ 4808:2007 (State standard) as a whole has changed from first (excellent) up to third (satisfactory). The changes are unequal on the area and differ in various geomorphologic areas. The areas, on which there is an infringement of hydrogeology conditions under anthropogenic factor influence, are revealed with help of GIS-systems. The anthropogenic changes are fixed in the groundwater horizon (J2or) too. The researches of spatial mineralization change in the groundwater horizon (J2or) show that it essentially differs for different regions of city (fig. 1) and reaches the large meanings on the left coast of Dnieper. It also testifies to necessity of detailed researches of security of groundwater in view of geological and hydrogeological structure features.Results The areas of the anthropogenic violation hydrogeology conditions are revealed. The urgency of detailed studies of groundwater protection taking into account the geological and hydrogeology characteristics of the structure territory are proved. The received results may be used at designing system of hydrogeological monitoring

SALVADOR ALBACAR: UN MUEBLISTA VALENCIANO EN BARCELONA</p><p>Salvador Albacar, a furniture manufacturer from Valencia in Barcelona

In this article we examine a furniture manufacturer: Salvador Albacar y Gil, who was operative in Valencia at the end of XIXth Century and the beginnings of the XXth. He was an important bentwood furniture manufacturer and decorator in Valencia, and participated in the 1909 Regional Exhibition in the same city, obtained some patents of invention and managed to establish with success a branch in Barcelona (Balmes Street) in the 1910 decade. It‟s a good example of the industrial bourgeoisie of Valencia in that epoque.

Powieściowy kodeks etyczny profesjonalizującego się dziennikarstwa. "W mętnej wodzie" Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego

Celem głównym artykułu jest prezentacja refleksji nad najważniejszymi aspektami profesjonalizującego się dziennikarstwa zawartej w powieści Kraszewskiego W mętnej wodzie. Celem dodatkowym jest przybliżenie postaci Kraszewskiego jako dziennikarza i prasoznawcy oraz zarysowanie realiów epoki mających wpływ na etos dziennikarski. Analizowana powieść została potraktowana jako nietypowy „kodeks etyczny” rodzącej się profesji dziennikarskiej.

Суходольные луга северной лесостепи и подтайги Тобол-Иртышского междуречья

Суходольные луга северной лесостепи и подтайги Тобол-Иртышского междуречья

DEVELOPMENT OF DERIVATIVE MARKET IN 2000-2012

At the end of XIX century futures exchange emerged, in the early 70-ies XX century - option exchange of financial derivatives. These exchanges gave a huge boost to the development of market of the operations with derivative financial instruments. In fact, in the 1970-1980-ies a new market segment was actually formed - the stock and financial derivatives. Trade in financial derivatives began in the OTC market, which accounts for most of the trade of derivatives. Today volumes of the OTC market of derivatives are several times greater than the volume of world trade and world GDP. From 2000 to 2007 derivative OTC market grew rapidly. In 2007-2008 there is a decline in trade of derivatives, but already in 2009 the world market of OTC derivatives returned to pre-crisis growth rates. Among all the instruments of the OTC market of derivatives swaps on interest rates stand out in the volumes, which even in the crisis of2007-2008 slightly, but increased. Analysis of indicators of the global OTC market of derivatives reveals the predominance of instruments on interest rates: their share in the total world market in 2012 amounted to about 77%. If we consider the structure of the OTC market of derivatives on type contracts, in 2012 most of the contracts (66%) belonged to the swaps. As regards the structure of the world market of exchange derivatives, in 2012 the options had the largest share - 54 %, futures accounted for 46 %. Among all the exchange instruments on interest rates held 92%.

FROM TRADE TO MANUFACTURING. FROM THE HISTORY OF EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF LEATHER AND FUR INDUSTRY IN SEMIPALATINSK IN LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY

The article contains the results of studies of the history of emergence and development of leather-fur production in Semey (Semipalatinsk) in late XIX – early XX centuries and at the present time. The authors managed to find archival documents of the founders of this industrial sector of the end of XIX century and 20-30s of the XX century, and were able to trace how the leather-fur production develops at the present time.

Analysis of Spatial Structure and Dynamics of Tom Valley Landscapes based on GIS, Digital Elevation Model and Remote Sensing

The Tom river valley is characterized by the composite landscape structure, which is conditioned by its location in a zone of transition from Altay Mountain Region to the Western-Siberian Platform. The landscape systems of the valley have high speed of the natural transformations. Besides a lot of landscape systems have undergone serious anthropogenic modification during XX- XXI centuries. The Purpose of this work is the analysis of the spatial structure of Tom valley landscapes and their natural and anthropogenic changes from the end of XIX century. The Object of research is the Tom river valley within the limits of Tomsk Region. The Subject of research is the internal-valley differentiation of landscape systems, their modern state, natural dynamics and anthropogenic modification for last 100 years. There are used both the traditional methods of the research in physical geography (including the field expedition methods) and the newest methods of GIS-mapping and complex spatial analysis based on remote sensing data and digital elevation models. In the research there is used software: ArcGIS 10 (ESRI Inc.), ERDAS Imagine (ERDAS Inc.). The results are next: big geodatabase and GIS “Tom river valley” (including the set of digital landscape and other thematic maps with the scale 1:10 000 – 1:25 000), digital elevation model (DEM) of valley in TIN and GRID formats, morphometric indexes of landscape systems (based on DEM), main trends of landscape dynamics in the different parts of the valley.

The main directions of zemstvo healthcare development in Kazan governorate in XIX century

The Zemstvo reform has set a start of changes in a number of spheres of the country’s life, including health-care. The development of zemstvo healthcare in Kazan Governorate took the way of increasing the number of healthcare workers and consolidating the healthcare facilities network. Kazan Governorate zemstvo managed to create a promoted healthcare in conditions of scarce resources and lack of medical professionals. At this period, a new form of medical and sanitary attendance — medical district — was created, replacing the old patrolling system. One of the advantages of zemstvo healthcare was introduction of free drug supplies. At the end of XIX century, a developed network of pharmacies was established. Almost in all uyezds of Kazan Governorate, medical depots were functioning, providing local pharmacies with the required medicines. At the beginning of zemstvo healthcare functioning, obstetrics was singled out as a separate branch of medicine. In XIX century, special maternity beds appeared in a number of zemstvo healthcare units. At the beginning of XX century, special maternity ward for obstetric aid appeared in zemstvo hospitals, maternity clinics opened. By the early XX century, a rural healthcare system, its legal groundwork, operations and funding were established. As a result of zemstvo self-government institutions functioning, an extensive network of uyezd hospitals, paramedic stations was established, providing medical aid to rural population; stationary zonal system of medical aid was created.

Tree-Shaped Timber Structural System: An Ecological Way of Designing Spatial Structure

This paper focuses on the main characteristics of a Tree-Shaped Timber Structural System, or simply, Tree-Shaped. One of them is the complexity of its steel connections, responsible for the joint of bar elements, compounding a complex structural system, which requires the application of the CYPECAD software version 2007 to solve the calculations concerns. Its efficiency was confirmed by a variety of laboratory tests carried out with the whole structure. The Tree-Shaped is a timber structure that enables a large number of functional programs, residences, malls, sheds, hangars, etc. Originally it was conceived in Barcelona/Spain based on the well-known masterpiece Sacred Family, whose author was Architect Antoni Gaudi I Conet (1852 - 1926). It was designed at the end of XIX Century and its construction is still not finished. Gaudi inverted the logical order of the gothic concepts, i.e, light weights below and heavy weight above. Based on this concept, he always had in mind the figure of a tree in nature. The Tree-Shaped follows the same idea, using timber pieces connected by steel plates. Theoretical and numerical analyses have shown its efficiency and lightness for use in timber structures and roofs.

From the Countess of Castiglione to Lady Gaga. From the muse to the icon in photography’s history

Since the end of XIX century there were key figures who not only anticipated performative behaviour typical of contemporary society, but also massmedial attitudes on identitary multiplication that find in photography the best media to express themself. The Countess of Castiglione and Lady Gaga represent the apogee of the research that mix public and private, and real and imaginary body.

Привлечение заключенных к труду в пенитенциарных учреждениях Западной Сибири (конец XIX в. — 1919 г.)

Привлечение заключенных к труду в пенитенциарных учреждениях Западной Сибири (конец XIX в. — 1919 г.)