Encryption Process Research Articles

Multilayer Convolutional Processing Network Based Cryptography Mechanism for Digital Images Infosecurity

Digital images can be easily shared or stored using different imaging devices, storage tools, and computer networks or wireless communication systems. However, these digital images, such as headshots or medical images, may contain private information. Hence, to protect the confidentiality, reliability, and availability of digital images on online processing applications, it is crucial to increase the infosecurity of these images. Therefore, an authorization encryption scheme should ensure a high security level of digital images. The present study aimed to establish a multilayer convolutional processing network (MCPN)-based cryptography mechanism for performing two-round image encryption and decryption processes. In the MCPN layer, two-dimensional (2D) spatial convolutional operations were used to extract the image features and perform scramble operations from grayscale to gray gradient values for the first-image encryption and second-image decryption processes, respectively. In the MCPN weighted network, a sine-power chaotic map (SPCM)-based key generator was used to dynamically produce the non-ordered pseudorandom numbers to set the network-weighted values as secret keys in a sufficiently large key space. It performs the second and first encryption processes using the diffusion method, modifying the image pixel values. Children’s headshots and medical images were used to evaluate the security level by comparing the plain and cipher images using the information entropy, number of pixel change rate, and unified averaged changed intensity indices. Moreover, the plain and decrypted images were compared to verify the decrypted image quality using the structural similarity index measurement and peak signal-to-noise ratio.

Improving the lightweight implementation of SNOW-V

This paper presents a proposal to improve the software implementation of SNOW-V, a candidate for encrypting 5G communications. In particular, we focus on the proposal for 32-bit architectures with limited resources, such as wireless sensor networks. SNOW-V is a pseudorandom number generator, this type of structures are traditionally implemented in hardware. The advent of 5G means that this implementation must be purely software, losing the advantages and speed of a purely hardware or even hybrid implementation. Due to the wide variety of interconnected devices in the IoT, we cannot assume or associate security with a given architecture or unlimited resource devices. For this reason, we have focused our efforts on analyzing and improving the speed of the proposed 5G encryption on lightweight architectures. Specifically, we analyze its software implementation and propose improvements to speed up the encryption process while protecting confidentiality and integrity for 32-bit devices.

Perbandingan Kriptography Klasik Caesar Cipher Dengan Kriptography Modern Aes Dalam Tingkat Keamanan Jaringan Komputer

Cryptography (cryptography) is the science and art of keeping messages safe. The sender of the message will encrypt it while the recipient of the message will decrypt it. The encryption and decryption process uses keywords that have been agreed upon by the sender and recipient of the message. To better understand the development of cryptography, this journal will introduce a comparison of classical cryptography and modern cryptography at the level of computer network security. The cryptography that will be compared is Caesar Cipher and AES. This study uses the method of literature review (library research), namely research based on expert opinion and the results of previous studies.
 

Fast and Secure Image Encryption Algorithm with Simultaneous Shuffling and Diffusion Based on a Time-Delayed Combinatorial Hyperchaos Map.

Adding time delay to nonlinear systems can significantly improve their performance, making it possible to construct image-encryption algorithms with higher security. In this paper, we propose a time-delayed nonlinear combinatorial hyperchaotic map (TD-NCHM) with a wide hyperchaotic interval. Based on TD-NCHM, we develop a fast and secure image-encryption algorithm that includes a plaintext-sensitive key-generation method and a simultaneous row-column shuffling-diffusion encryption process. Plenty of experiments and simulations demonstrate the superiority of the algorithm in terms of efficiency, security, and practical value in secure communications.

Securing Messages Using AES Algorithm and Blockchain Technology on Mobile Devices

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the use of mobile devices and messaging applications for communication, leading to a growing concern about the security of text messages exchanged through these platforms. This study proposes a novel method that uses the AES algorithm and Blockchain to secure text messages in messaging applications on mobile devices. The AES algorithm is selected due to its faster encryption and decryption processes, which are superior to asymmetric cryptography algorithms. On the other hand, Blockchain is chosen for its inherent security properties that only allow data addition and cannot be altered. This study aims to achieve both speed and security to prevent cybercrime in text messages. The Avalanche Effect calculation and Processing Time measurement are used as the analysis methods to evaluate the proposed approach. The results show that the computation time of the message delivery process using Blockchain and AES algorithm has an average total process time of 33.59 milliseconds. Additionally, the testing results of the Avalanche Effect value show that the AES algorithm has a value of 50% for character lengths up to 16 characters and below 50% for character lengths greater than 16 characters. Based on these testing results, the proposed combination of the AES algorithm and Blockchain is an effective method for securing text messages in messaging applications. This method can offer a secure and efficient way of exchanging text messages on mobile devices and can adopt as a standard approach for messaging applications.

Membangun Super Enkripsi untuk Mengamankan Pesan

The issue of message security or an information is particularly important. A science that studies aboutsecuring the confidentiality of messages using passwords is called cryptography. To enhance security, twoalgorithmsarecombinedtosecuremessages.Superencryptionisaconceptthatusesacombinationoftwoormoresubstitutionandpermutation(transposition)cryptographytechniquestoobtainanalgorithmthatis more difficult to crack. The first thing to do is to encrypt the message using a substitution technique(Cipher Substitution), then re-encrypt it using a permutation technique (Cipher Transposition). In thisstudy, two cryptographic algorithms will be combined to build super encryption using the Vigenere Cipherand Bifid Cipher algorithms to secure messages. The message encryption process is using the VigenereCipher algorithm for the first encryption process, then continued using the Bifid Cipher algorithm for thesecondencryptionprocess.Theencryptionprocessisdonetheotherwayaround,startingfromthebackoftheencryptionprocess.Thecombinationofthesetwoalgorithmsresultsinmoresecuremessagesecurity.

Secure Real-Time Multimedia Data Transmission from Low-Cost UAVs with A Lightweight AES Encryption

In the context of real-time wireless multimedia transmission from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), equipped with microphone arrays and cameras, data security is crucial. Data security should be guaranteed from the acquisition onboard the drones to its delivery to the destination node or ground station. A real-time light-weight application-level Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption algorithm has been considered to be applied to multimedia data and supported by the single-board-computers mounted onboard the drones, with low computational power. The study shows that the main advances are related to the design of a streaming application in a transmission architecture for military counter-UAV scenarios that is effective, secure, quick, and trustworthy for audio and video data. A multiple synchronous key management is also newly experimented. The thorough experiments have confirmed the effective validity of the encryption and decryption processes, even in the presence of adverse radio spectrum conditions.

Analisa Penyandian File Dokumen Kriptografi Menggunakan Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

(Cryptography Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for File Document Encryption). Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a cryptographic algorithms as a standard symmetric key encryption algorithm that used in current time. AES 128 has 1 blok plaintext with 128 bit sized, where in the process of cryptographic algorithms, first the plaintext is converted into hexadecimal-sized 4 x 4 matrices called the state, where each element of state has 1 byte size. The process of encryption on AES is the transformation towards the state repeatedly in the 10th round. Each round of AES requires one key result of the key generation using 2 basic transformation, i.e. substitution and transformation. AES encryption using 4 transformation by the following sequence: subbytes, shiftrows, mixcolumns, and addroundkey. On the other hand, the process of decryption is using the inverse of all the basic transformation of AES algorithm, except addroundkey. Therefore, the sequence of transformation on the decription is invshiftrows, invsubbytes, invmixcolumns, and addroundkey. In the data text, the encryption process is initiated with convertion the data text into ASCII code in hexadecimal numbers that are molded into the matrix 4 x 4 bytes. Next, do some basic transformation such as subbytes, shiftrows, mixcolumns, and addroundkey. However, when performing the transformation, the processed data on every trasformation is in the form of binary data obtained from the hexadecimal matrix. AES 128 bit cryptography have room 2128 keys which is a tremendous value and is considered secure to use to avoid the brute force attack.

Transmitting the Chaotic Masked Audio Signal from a Single Channel

Data security is very crucial for communication systems. Encryption methods are frequently used to ensure security. Chaotic oscillators are used for the encryption of data because they produce signals that do not repeat themselves. Identical chaotic oscillators should be used and synchronized with each other in order to perform encryption and decryption processes healthily. In this study, the encrypted data and synchronization signal are transmitted to the receiver side using the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) method to realize the synchronization between two chaotic oscillators. High-frequency keying is used to increase the encryption quality of the signal to be encrypted on the transmitter side. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control is used to provide synchronization between two chaotic oscillators. The correlation test, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE) and spectral entropy were used to determine the accuracy relationship between the original signal and the decryption signal. As a result, simulation programs and numerical analysis verified the encryption success and reliability of the created system.

Penerapan Algoritma Rabin-Public Key Untuk Pengamanan File Audio

Data encoding problems such as text files, images, audio and video are used more often as messages or information. However, with advances in technology that are increasingly developing, it is increasingly possible for messages or information to be stored in the form of other files such as images, audio and video. For example, a music recording company wants to release the latest album and they want to get a big profit from selling CDs or downloading legally (paid) through the site. Before the album officially goes out to the public, they want to make sure that no one party gets a leak or listens to the audio file first. One of the technical solutions that can be used to protect the confidentiality of audio files is cryptography by applying the Rabin-Public Key algorithm. The Rabin-p algorithm is an algorithm that implements an asymmetric key. An asymmetric key is a key that uses two types of keys, namely the public key which is used to encrypt the message and the secret key which is used to decrypt the message. Rabin-p is named rabin with an additional p which symbolizes that the proposed scheme uses only one prime p as the decryption key. The results for encoding audio files are based on an asymmetric cryptographic system that uses a public key and a private key for encoding audio files (the key used for the encryption process). and decryption) into a cipher so that the security and confidentiality of messages are maintained. Audio file analysis is the stage where analysis is carried out on any files that are processed in a design system or procedure, in this case the audio files to be encrypted and decrypted in cryptographic applications are audio files in wave format (*.WAV).

Applications of linear algebra in encryption

Information security is always a crucial issue in the continuously developing society. There are many solutions that have been proposed to secure information. In this article, the author discusses the introduction of encryption using knowledge from the Linear Algebra course to first-year students so that they can perceive the application of Linear Algebra. The information encryption process uses the knowledge of matrices, matrix operations, inverse matrices, transposition, Gauss elimination, linear transformation...

Design and Implementation Digital Invitation System Based on Secure Hash Algorithm 3

Digital invitation system become one of the important systems due to the pandemic consequences specially in E-learning domains. The digital invitation needed to be secure enough for several reasons specially in the user demands. In this paper designed and implemented a digital invitation system based on secure hash algorithm which achieving multilevel of security. The first security level, that is the hash code generated for the digital invitation link used in the encryption process not only for the invitation date but also for the invitation time. on the other hand, the second security level achieved through out using the hash code as map for the hiding mechanism. The generated hash will be used for the data integrity as well. The proposed system evaluating the final stego-image as digital invitation using PSNR metric and the maximum value reach 64.28 while the minimum value reach 58.21.

Securing web documents by using piggybacked framework based on Newton's forward interpolation method

The modern telecommunication system that transfers data over the web requires a secure channel so that integrity, authentication, and confidentiality of data are ensured. To achieve this, the SSL/TLS protocol of the transport layer provides end-to-end security to transfer data without any intrusion. But this security fails due to vulnerabilities reported in the last few years on SSL/TLS not ignorable which makes the data communication process vulnerable. The handshake protocol used by SSL/TLS decides a common session key to share the message among the communicating nodes. The common key remains the same in a session to encrypt entire data payload. If a hacker breaks into the session and accesses the key, then the entire session would be compromised. Therefore, there is a need for a mechanism that ensures the proper key exchanges so that the messages transferred during a session uses different keys for encryption and decryption process. This is achieved by implementing the key exchange mechanism using Newton's interpolation method which is used to generate a polynomial function that derives the key for the ongoing communications. The paper represents the result of the research conducted and also recommends a few changes to the existing key exchange mechanism.

File Encryption and Decryption Software

Since the advent of information technology (the internet) a few decades ago, there have been many changes made to the way information is shared and moved between people, between nations, and throughout the whole world. Information security experts are growing worried about how to solve the issue of information "theft," which has been for a long. Today, it is clear that information security is the solution due to the present spread of several recently developed cryptanalysis techniques. To create a file that can be hashed and firmly decrypted by reliable file storage software, our technique in this work is to use the encryption methods of AES and MD5 after a few steps in the encryption process. The key feature of our programme is the addition of those components throughout the encryption process to create a hashed result that is intertwined and immune to eavesdroppers' nasty techniques. Since any form of a file, including binary, text, and other types, may be effectively encrypted, the encryption results have demonstrated that the programme can provide a broad range of file encryption.

Network Synchronization of MACM Circuits and Its Application to Secure Communications

In recent years, chaotic synchronization has received a lot of interest in applications in different fields, including in the design of private and secure communication systems. The purpose of this paper was to achieve the synchronization of the Méndez-Arellano-Cruz-Martínez (MACM) 3D chaotic system coupled in star topology. The MACM electronic circuit is used as chaotic nodes in the communication channels to achieve synchronization in the proposed star network; the corresponding electrical hardware in the slave stages receives the coupling signal from the master node. In addition, a novel application to the digital image encryption process is proposed using the coupled-star-network; and the switching parameter technique is finally used to transmit an image as an encrypted message from the master node to the slave coupled nodes. Finally, the cryptosystem is submitted to statistical tests in order to show the effectiveness in multi-user secure image applications.

On a New Three-Dimensional Chaotic System with Adaptive Control and Chaos Synchronization

A three-dimensional autonomous deterministic chaotic system having six parameters is explored within this article. The dynamical characteristics of the proposed system are investigated through eigenvalues structure, bifurcation diagrams, Kaplan–Yorke dimension, Lyapunov exponents, time response, and phase plane trajectories. For the suitable design of the system parameters, it is found that the system can exhibit periodic, period-n, or chaotic oscillations. Accordingly, the system’s dynamical behavior to the variation of its coefficients has been explored. The obtained results revealed that the proposed dynamical system does not lose its chaotic oscillations for the small fluctuations of one or more of the values of its parameters. In addition, chaos control and chaos synchronization have been studied by means of the adaptive control strategy relying on Lyapunov’s second method of stability. The numerical simulation revealed that superior chaos control and master-slave synchronization have been achieved by the applied control laws. Finally, the obtained results have been simulated via a nonlinear electronic circuit that demonstrated the feasibility of the purposed chaotic system for different engineering applications such as secure communications, cryptosystems, image encryption, and image processing.

CLOUDMOAP: Multilayer Security by Online Encryption and Auditing Process in Cloud

Each image is divided into squares by this module, from which the user selects one to serve as the pass-square. A 7 x 11 grid is used to split a picture. The password space increases as the discretized image size decreases. Yet, an excessively focused division might make it harder to operate the user interface on palm-sized mobile devices and cause problems with object detection. As 60 pixels is the optimal size for precisely selecting certain items on touch displays, a division was set at 60-pixel intervals in both the horizontal and vertical axes in our solution. Index Terms— Online Encryption, Hash Code, Shoulder Surfing, Randomized Image Selection, Cipher Key, Data Security.

Performance Analysis Of The Combination Of Advanced Encryption Standard Cryptography Algorithms With Luc For Text Security

Data security is very important as it is easy to exchange data today.
 Cryptographic techniques are needed as data security techniques. Combining two cryptographic algorithms is a solution for a better level of security. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic algorithm requires low computational power and is the best symmetric algorithm. The LUC algorithm is an asymmetric algorithm that was developed from the RSA algorithm and has advantages in a better level of security and processing speed. In this research, two symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms will be combined in a hybrid scheme, namely the AES and LUC algorithms to improve data security. the AES algorithm will encrypt and decrypt messages, while the LUC algorithm performs encryption and decryption of the AES key. The results showed that the combination of the two AES and LUC algorithms was successful. However, the computational time needed by the two algorithms to perform the encryption and decryption process increases. The simulation results of the brute force attack performed show that the LUC algorithm can still be attacked. The greater the value of E (the public key of the LUC algorithm), the longer it takes for the brute force attack to be successful. The value of E is also directly proportional to the computational time required by the LUC. So it can be concluded that the AES algorithm is less precise when combined with the LUC algorithm.

An efficient integrity based multi-user blockchain framework for heterogeneous supply chain management applications

Most of the traditional cloud-based applications are insecure and difficult to compute the data integrity with variable hash size on heterogeneous supply chain datasets. Also, cloud storage systems are independent of integrity computational and data security due to structured data and computational memory. As the size of the cloud data files is increasing in the public and private cloud servers, it is difficult to provide strong data security due to file format and high dimensionality. The computational time and storage space of the conventional attribute-based encryption and decryption models are high during the data integrity verification in the traditional blockchain frameworks. This paper implements a hybrid variable size data integrity algorithm on the heterogeneous cloud supply chain data files for the strong data encryption and decryption process. This work implements an optimized blockchain framework using the advanced heterogeneous integrity computation approach and integrity policy-based attribute encryption and decryption approach for better cloud data security. Experimental results proved that the proposed integrity-based encryption model has better efficiency than the traditional integrity-based encryption frameworks on cloud heterogeneous data types.

JSON Web Token Leakage Avoidance Using Token Split and Concatenate in RSA256

This research aims to protect users from JWT (JSON Web Token) leakage, which is listed plainly in the Response Header in the web browser console. The risk of malicious attackers stealing the JWT is highly dangerous since the API (Application Programming Interface) will be within the control of malicious attackers, leading to identity theft and data abuse due to the JWT leakage. As a solution, this paper proposed a method in which the JWT bearer token will be split, separately encrypted by RSA256, and concatenated into a new unique token to limit attacker accessibility towards the JWT token. The benefit of this proposed method is envisaged to achieve a more secure web application for user data protection and security optimization. The idea of this method is to modify the bearer token by splitting, encrypting, and concatenating it to be a unique token. The product of the encryption process is an unrecognizable token in the form of letters and punctuation which attackers cannot manipulate. The encrypted code will be returned to the initial location in Response Header. After testing, it is proven that modifying the bearer token by splitting and concatenating provides more security to a web application.