Empty Areas Research Articles

Hydrogen farm concept: A Perspective for Turkey

Hydrogen farm concept: A Perspective for Turkey

Smoothing temperature and ratio of casein to whey protein: Two tools to improve nonfat stirred yogurt properties

Consumers are not always ready to compromise on the loss of texture and increased syneresis that nonfat stirred yogurts display compared with yogurts that contain fat. In this study, we investigated milk protein composition and smoothing temperature as a means to control nonfat yogurt microstructure, textural properties, and syneresis. Yogurts were prepared with different ratios of casein to whey protein (R1.5, R2.8, and R3.9). Yogurts were pumped through a smoothing pilot system comprising a plate heat exchanger set at 15, 20, or 25°C and then stored at 4°C until analysis (d 1, 9, and 23). Yogurt particle size and firmness were measured. Yogurt syneresis and water mobility were determined, respectively, by centrifugation and time domain low-frequency proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-LF-NMR). Increasing the smoothing temperature increased gel firmness and microgel (dense protein aggregates) sizes independently of the whey protein content. Also, yogurt microgel sizes changed with storage time, but the evolution pattern depended on protein ratio. Yogurt R1.5 showed the largest particles, and their sizes increased with storage, whereas R2.8 and R3.9 had smaller microgels, and R3.9 did not show any increase in microgel size during storage. Micrographs showed a heterogeneous gel with the empty area occupied by serum for R1.5, whereas R2.8 and R3.9 showed fewer serum zones and a more disrupted gel embedding microgels. Induced syneresis reduced with greater whey protein content and time of storage. This is in agreement with 1H-LF-NMR showing less bulk water mobility with increasing whey protein content during storage. However, 1H-LF-RMN revealed higher values of spontaneous serum separation during storage for R1.5 and R3.9 yogurts, whereas these were lower and stable for R2.8 yogurt. Microgels play an important structural role in yogurt textural attributes, and their characteristics are modulated by whey protein content and smoothing temperature. Optimization of these parameters may help improve nonfat stirred dairy gel.

Reconstruction of Two-dimensional Image to Three-dimensional Point Cloud Data for Detection of Empty Rot Defects in Tree Growth

In the application of nondestructive detecting of trees, it is a technical problem to use radar waves to detect tree specimens with growth defects, how to segment defect areas after obtaining two-dimensional images, and reverse simulate the detection results with three-dimensional point cloud data. Therefore, the method of extracting boundary information according to color features is studied to extract the boundary curve of empty rot area, and the selection of higher precision extraction algorithm is determined by comparing the boundary extraction results of HSV color space and RGB color space in laboratory According to the extracted void boundary curve, the reverse modeling is carried out, and the mapping from 2D inspection gray image to 3D space is realized, The point cloud data reconstruction needed for 3D modeling of multi-curved surfaces is obtained in reverse. The boundary curve extraction algorithm in this study is used to process the images of nondestructive testing of trees. Through comparative experiments and error analysis, the accurate modeling conclusion from inversion of 2D images to 3D point cloud data reconstruction by radar wave detection is verified, and the Core issue problem of point cloud reconstruction in the ill-conditioned area of tree growth and decay detected by radar wave is solved.

The Lack of Attention Given by Neoendogenous Rural Development Practice to Areas Highly Affected by Depopulation. The Case of Andalusia (Spain) in 2015–2020 Period

Abstract How are the problems of depopulation being faced by the Local Action Groups (LAGs) and the LEADER approach? What kinds of proposals are being pointed out to tackle young people’s exodus, the economic depression, the physical and virtual distances, and the marginality from the political and economic centers by these local public-private partnerships to the areas having the more worrying situations? Andalusia, a southern region of Spain, has many municipalities with these severe devepopulation problems. According to this aim, the Local Development Strategies documents (LDSs) of the LAGs for 2015–2020, have been reviewed. The predominance of the top-down approach has limited the attention given to face the rural depopulation. It is relevant to note, as well, the reduced presence of specific objectives and projects to combat depopulation in these deep rural areas. The last finding is that these municipalities with extreme depopulation have been left aside; as no solution placed. Definitely, as empty areas to promote rural development. Depopulation concept and depopulation areas have been forgotten for neoendogenous rural development practices.

Determination and Engineering Practice of Unsupported Roof Distance for Rapid Excavation of Roadway with Thick and Hard Basic Roof

In order to determine the reasonable empty roof distance during roadway excavation, a mechanical model of the direct roof rock beam was established, and the relationship between the direct roof tensile stress and the empty roof distance was obtained. According to the criterion of roof stability, that is, the tensile stress of the roof does not exceed the tensile strength, the expression of the empty roof distance during the roadway excavation is determined. Taking the 150,802 roadway in Liuzhuang coal mine as the research background, the horizontal and vertical stress distribution characteristics of the direct roof under different supporting forces are analyzed, and combined with the direct roof surplus safety factor, the reasonable empty roof distance during roadway excavation is determined as 2.0 m. By using FLAC3D numerical simulation software to analyze the distribution law of vertical stress and plastic zone when the empty roof distance is 2.0 m, it is obtained that the overall stability of the roadway surrounding rock within the empty roof area is better when the empty roof distance is 2.0 m, and it is applied to Liuzhuang Coal mine 150,802 roadway. The field application results show that when the empty roof distance is selected as 2.0 m during roadway excavation, the deformation of the roof and bottom of the roadway and the two sides are small, the stability is good, and the roadway excavation speed is increased by about 30%.

View-dependent Projection Mapping Enhanced by Real Background

"Spatial augmented reality (SAR)" or "projection mapping" projects an image of a virtual object on the surface of a real object. A "view-dependent" display shows the virtual object with its correct appearance for an arbitrary viewer's position. If the virtual object and the real object have different shapes, the virtual object's image to project needs to be correctly distorted according to the viewer's position. Besides, the difference causes the real object's surface to have some empty areas onto which the virtual object is not projected. Such empty areas seriously degrade the viewer's feeling that the virtual object merges into the real world. We propose a method to eliminate undesired empty areas by projecting the real background behind the real object in a view-dependent way. Our method converts a real background's image captured by a fixed camera to an appropriate image for a viewer's position based on homography. This image conversion approximates the background's shape by a plane adjusted for an arbitrary viewer's position. The plane is determined by practical parameters interpolated on a 3D grid space. Consequently, the viewer does not feel the presence of the real object and feels the virtual object merging into the real world.

Designing and analyzing park sensor system for efficient and sustainable car park area management

Many problems have been seen in cities because of increasing vehicle density. One of these problems is vehicle density in parking lots. People look for empty parking areas and they spend too much time. While people look for empty parking areas, CO2 (carbon dioxide) emission and energy consumption increase due to density in parking lots. We worked to solve these problems by doing Magnetic Car Park Sensor. Magnetic Car Park Sensor is the system which detects cars in car parks. After cars detected with the system, the system sends information to center server and we can see information data in the system interface. The system helps people to find empty parking lots. As people find empty car park areas fastly, energy consumption and CO2 emission are decreased significantly.

Household Perception of Urban Farming for Environmental Coastal Area HouseholdB (Case Study District Gresik)

This study discusses the perception of households in urban farming for environmental sustainability coastal area household, especially coastal area in the District Gresik. This type of research is descriptive sources. The rate of urban population growth will cause environmental problems, ranging from land conversion to the environmental degradation caused by pollution and trash. This happens especially to the district of Gresik, because getting into residential and industrial areas. Urban farming is an activity utilizing the open spaces which are not as productive as empty land in urban areas into productive plantations through alternative activities by the people of the city to improve the quality and quantity of open space in big cities. This effort is expected to help solve the problem of improving environmental (ecological), improving the aesthetics of the narrow land or an empty area, and to improve the economic and sociological value for society. Gresik has Urban Farming area, the area of the source of agricultural and food diversity is quite high. Some important commodity support food availability and consumption are emerging in here, for example for food crops. In this research, the sample collection method using Proportionate stratified random sampling method as many as 30 people who used to answer this research. In this study are households residing in urban farming locations exactly in coastal area in the Sub-district Gresik and District Gresik. The public perception of urban farming in the district of Gresik and Kebomas the vast majority of households agreed that urban farming is able to cope with environmental problems and sustainable development that can be developed by local governments. Public perception of the use of urban farming on the surrounding environment and the District of Gresik most coastal area households also agreed on the function and benefits of urban farming. Households’ perception of the appropriateness of urban farming households largely agreed on the prevention, alleviation and cessation efforts. Household perceptions of the characteristics of urban farming area in accordance with the vast majority of households agreed.

Optimization using Monte Carlo simulations of the thickness of a variable collimator for radiation monitoring

In this study, we used GATE v8.0 to optimize the design parameters for the layer thickness and the shape of holes in variable collimators with new methods for moving detectors and acquiring magnified images in real time. The optimized thickness was a combination of five layers with thicknesses of 6.0, 2.0, 4.0, 2.0, and 6.0 mm. Image magnification on variable and conventional pinhole collimators, designed with the same parameters, confirmed that the greater the magnification is, the more distinct the two sources are. The increase in the penetration and the scatter ratio caused by empty areas created during the process of implementing the pinhole form into layers resulted in an average sensitivity error of 3.95%, which reduced spatial resolution slightly.

Integration Satellite Imagery with Fuzzy Logic for Potential Change Detection in Land Use/Land Cover

Considered survey systems for monitoring the earth’s surface of the techniques basic and developed for all countries because of their great importance in collecting and providing data and information required as engineering science and research applications can be an important database for many of the establishments. Remote sensing and fuzzy logic are employed to design systems for the survey, monitoring, and changes detect that have occurred in the study area in 2020. The studied area is in Baghdad and its extensions, with an area equivalent to approximately 2776.7628 km2. This paper consists of two parts; the first part when the remote sensing classified the study area in unsupervised methods to detect the ratios of components the land use and land cover via divide it into four parameters (vegetation, urban, empty area, and water). As for the second part of the study, the change’s detection results are the inputs of the fuzzy logic system. The four inputs were processed using hypothetical probabilities of the FL system. The results were reasonable and could be considered useful for predicting the future of the four parameters (vegetation, urban, empty area, and water) of the study area in the coming years.

Typical Coal Mines in Hancheng Mining Area of China and its Management Reseach

In order to promote the work of prevention and management of coal mine water disaster in China, it took Panlong coal mine, Xiayukou coal mine and Xiangshan coal mine in Hancheng mining area as object of study. Methods of prevention and management of Ordovician limestone water inrush and water inrush from old and empty areas were put forward. Some examples were chosen to approve these methods’ practicability. At last, enhancing management of coal mine and improving stuffs’ comprehensive quality were proposed.

Analisis Sungai Ijo Gading Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata di Kabupaten Jembrana, Bali

Ijo Gading River is located in a strategic area which cuts across Negara, the capital city of Jembrana Regency, Bali. This river has a great potency to be packed as a tourism destination that can attract tourists to come. To develop the Ijo Gading River as one of tourism destinations, then it is necessary to conduct a research to analyze the internal and external factors possessed by Ijo Ga?ing River as one of tourism destinations at Jembrana, Bali. The results of the research are expected to be considerations for the community, government, and other related parties to develop the potency of Ijo Gading River. This study is a descriptive qualitative research which used observation, interview, literature research, and document study to gain data. The data were analyzed using SWOT analysis which stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats coming from the external factor. The results reveals, from the internal factors, Ijo Gading River possesses some strengths and weaknesses. Its strengths are its historical value, the richness of its culture, and natural landscape which is the traditional fishing boats. Meanwhile its weaknesses are it is not organized well yet, the lack of proper facilities, and the condition of the river that becomes shallower. From the external perspective, Ijo Gading river has several threats and opportunities. The threats are the competitive atmosphere among the same kinds of tourism destinations, its function as a river is destroyed by the activities done around the river, as well as river pollution. But the opportunities are the large empty area, empowering the community, and the community's active participation to develop the tourism activities there.
 Keyword: Potency, Ijo Gading River, tourism destination

The Vicissitudes of the Fate of the Kalmyk Nobleman Petr Taishin: from the Adoption of Christianity to the Establishment of a Settlement of Baptized Kalmyks in the Middle Volga Region (1724-1737)

The present paper analyzes the fate and political activities of the first baptized Kalmyk vladelets Peter P. Taishin in the context of the purposeful Christianization of the Kalmyks and the internecine struggle for supreme power in the Kalmyk Khanate in 1724-1735. Historiography has developed under the influence of Church historians; the latter mostly described Taishin as a treacherous schemer who converted to Christianity only to enlist Russia's support in the struggle for the Khanate's throne. The present study is meant to portray P. Taishin as a historical figure. To overcome the bias in historiography, the author made use of previously unstudied materials from the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire, in particular Taishin's correspondence with government agencies and officials. According to the author, the imperial authorities overestimated the political prospects of Taishin's embrace of Christianity. The influence of the Buddhist clergy on the Kalmyk people and their power elite was not duly taken into account. To the displeasure of the government, Taishin joined one party of Kalmyk nobility that stood in opposition to the Kalmyk khan, and after the death of his older brother, Taishin began to openly dispute the Khan's right to the throne. Russia's military intervention in the internecine conflict led to Taishin's capture and to the forced replacement of the supreme ruler of the Kalmyk state. These events triggered a change in the government's policy concerning the baptized Kalmyks. It was decided to put them under Taishin's control and to relocate them further into the territory of Russia. With these measures, the hotbed of social tension in the Kalmyk Khanate disappeared, and Russia acquired additional human resources to occupy an empty area in the Middle Volga region, and later in the Orenburg province. For more than a hundred years, the settlement of baptized Kalmyks on the Middle Volga survived the initiator of their founding, Petr Petrovich Taishin, and made a significant contribution to the economic development and defense of the vast Orenburg Territory.

Repopulating abandoned villages, new housing strategies for the pandemic

Il distanziamento sociale ha portato alla ribalta il tema di riabitare i borghi abbandonati e le aree interne. Le esperienze nazionali ci raccontano di realtà fatte di comunità, di politiche, di progetti che da anni cercano di dare risposta al tema delle aree interne e dei duemila borghi in stato di semi abbandono. L’attuale situazione pandemica ha accentuato la problematica dei luoghi dispersi e ha acceso i riflettori a questi insediamenti che effettivamente possono diventare una parziale risposta al Covid 19. Oggi bisogna domandarsi se il sistema insediativo del borgo o centro minore può essere una tipologia insediativa che può divenire un modello di vita in condizioni di protezione ovvero un ripiegamento sperimentale, una rivincita bucolica di chi da sempre combatte la metropoli ed il suo stile di vita.

Urban Farming Program For Women PKK Manang Village To Improve Family Food Security Value In The Era Of The Pandemi Transition Covid-19

Food is indeed one of the mandatory things that must be fulfilled. However, the current condition of thepopulation growth which continues to increase is not accompanied by an increase in agricultural land sothat the available food stock may one day be insufficient. This makes a food problem which is closelyrelated to food security. PKK mothers are people who think about food for their families so that they havea huge influence. The decline in the amount of land and reduced food stocks in the era of the Covid-19pandemic because people flocked to buy large amounts of food stocks became a problem that was raisedin this community service program. The aim of this program is to introduce urban farming methods thatcan be done in empty house areas to increase food access to increase the value of family food security. Themethod used in the community service program was the online extension method and then carried out theurban farming practice which was carried out by one of the PKK mothers in Manang Village. It is hopedthat this example can become a role model for the people around him. The results of the community serviceprogram that have been carried out have improved the skills of PKK Manang Village women in cultivatingplants in the area of their home yard that is still empty or not in use. The existence of planting crops thatcan be harvested can meet food needs so that from the dimension of accessibility to food security it can befulfilled properly.

Study on Applicability of Distributed Hydrological Model under Different Terrain Conditions

This research aimed to study the applicability and limitations of a distributed hydrological model under discontinuous steep topography and hydrogeological conditions. Based on GIS spatial analysis, typical cases of steep and gentle terrains were selected to construct the distributed hydrological model framework of the research areas (Qinhuangdao and Zhuanghe City, China). The observed runoff was used to test the applicability of the model in different terrain watersheds and to analyze the versatility of the model structure and the relevant parameters of the core modules. The results show that: in the process of using a distributed hydrological model to build models for different regions, problems such as a discontinuous dislocation of the empty area and poor connectivity of the water system will appear in the process of sub-basin division of a steep terrain. By determining the optimal threshold, selecting the best node, discontinuous dislocation, void fusion and other methods, we put forward the corresponding solutions to the problems in the division process and constructed the research area’s distributed hydrological model. The rainfall–runoff process in the study area was simulated accordingly, and the SUFI2 algorithm was used to calibrate the relevant parameters in the model. The relative error (Re), correlation coefficient (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), which meet the runoff accuracy in the study area, were obtained. The model verification results show that the NSE of steep terrain is 0.90, and R2 is 0.98; the NSE of gentle terrain is 0.91, and R2 is 0.984: the simulation values fit the measured values well, which makes the calibrated model suitable for both steep and gentle terrains. The results can provide a reference for the construction of a distributed hydrological model in watersheds with different terrain.

Catalytic branching random walk with semi-exponential increments

ABSTRACT In a catalytic branching random walk on a multidimensional lattice, with arbitrary finite total number of catalysts, in supercritical regime, when the vector coordinates of the random walk jump are assumed independent (or close to independent) to one another and have semi-exponential distributions, a limit theorem provides the almost sure normalized locations of the particles at the boundary between populated and empty areas. Contrary to the case of random walk increments with light distribution tails, the normalizing factor grows faster than linearly over time. The limit shape of the front in the case of semi-exponential tails is no longer convex, as it is in the case of light tails.

Arching Phenomenon of Granules in Fluid under Rotation System

This research aims to explain the experimental model using theoretical analysis techniques, the mechanisms of convection and arching for granular sands with fluid under the rotation system. The arrangement of the granular sands with fluid arching thus forms a cylindrical container while under rotating. The results showed that the convection of the fluid, while a rotating continuously, the fluid then moves to the side surface of the container. Causing a center of the bottom of the container is empty space, the surface of the fluid to look like a parabolic curve. When the granular sands drop into an empty area to the center of container. To fill that area than arching at the center of the cylindrical container. That looks like an inverted parabola curve. The mixing mechanisms adjusted the small granular sands with fluid to stable more than large granular sands. This mechanism, can lead to a knowledge of the applications in agriculture and industry.

An outbreak of two strains of OXA-48 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a teaching hospital

SummaryOXA-48 producers can be difficult to detect in clinical specimens due to phenotypic low-level resistance to carbapenems. Additionally, low infection rates make clinical specimens poor sentinels for the presence of OXA-48 producers within a healthcare institution.We report an outbreak of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (OXAKp) that was discovered following culture of OXAKp in a urine specimen from a patient with no known risk factors for acquisition. Widespread screening across medical wards in the trust revealed evidence of transmission across several wards. Samples from 60 patients were positive for OXAKp. Five patients had OXAKp clinical infection, four of whom were treated with ceftazidime/avibactam. Variable number tandem repeat analysis of the OXAKp isolates revealed two predominant strain types clustered around two groups of wards.Infection prevention measures included isolation and cohort nursing of infected and colonized patients, restriction of affected ward areas to new admissions, stringent hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment. Environmental cleaning of patient areas was carried out using chlorine-releasing disinfectants and hydrogen peroxide vapour. Entire wards were decanted to enable effective cleaning of empty ward areas. The outbreak lasted almost five months and is estimated to have cost around £400 000.During the course of the outbreak, there were five reported prescription and administration incidents related to confusion between ceftazidime and ceftazidime/avibactam. No patient harm resulted from these incidents and the implementation of brand name prescribing for ceftazidime/avibactam prevented further incidents.

Geographies of Empty Spaces on Print and Digital Reference Maps: A Study of Washington State

J. B. Harley’s insistence that “there is no such thing as an empty space on a map” invites critical inquiry into which places are being left blank in popular reference maps, and why. I discuss the myriad reasons that items may not appear on a map, and invite a rethinking of the way selection is conceptualized in cartographic education. In this study, several GIS-supported methods are used to identify and compare consistently empty areas in print and digital maps of Washington State made by Google, Microsoft, OpenStreetMap, Rand McNally, National Geographic, and the state Department of Transportation. I then examine the physical and human landscapes of these places using imagery overlays, queries of land ownership data, and observations from site visits. In Washington State, empty spaces on the map are highly connected with regional and global economies, and are essential for supporting the needs of urban life such as food, electricity, construction, and waste disposal. City dwellers may not ever see or recognize the intensive land uses occurring in these geographies, whose landowners include an intriguing mix of large industries, multiple levels of government, religious colonies, and individuals searching for space and solitude.