Empowerment Of Rural Communities Research Articles

Tourism, social representations and empowerment of rural communities at Langue de Barbarie National Park, Senegal

Evidence of tourism as a strategy to empower local communities around national parks remains elusive. Scholars argue that a prerequisite to empowering community members is to decipher their ideas, beliefs and perceptions. Social representations (SR) theory provides a framework to engage in such a task yet very few studies have taken on such analysis. The paper presents a study of the SR across 10 communities surrounding the Langue de Barbarie National Park in Senegal using survey and interview data. Specifically, we examine their representations towards tourism and the park as a basis to better inform their empowerment process. We conducted a cluster analysis, grouping community members responses into polemical, emancipated, and hegemonic representations. Most participants held polemical representations and perceived tourism and the park as a continuity of colonialism. Others with emancipated representations advocated for alternative tourism structures. The hegemonic representations on the other hand assessed tourism based on the direct impact it provides to individual members of their communities. For each cluster, we propose a form of empowerment that is better aligned with their social representations as a catalyst for their capacity to carve a meaningful space in tourism.

Batik industry development based on rural economic development: the case study of Gunungkidul Regency

The purpose of this research is to examine the strategic planning for the development of Batik industrial center based on rural economic development using natural dyes at Gunungkidul Regency. Villages in Gunungkidul Regency have agricultural potential to be developed, one of which is the use of natural dyes as the main ingredient for batik dyes developed in Gunungkidul Regency. Those functions as natural dyes, also functions to maintain environmental ecosystems. Besides playing a role as a source of economic effort for the village community in Gunungkidul Regency, batik crafts have long been part of the traditions of the local village community. Currently, there are 11 sub-districts that are developing batik in Gunungkidul Regency, including the Batik industrial centers in Kepek Village, Petir Village, and Tancep Village. The development of a batik industrial center based on economic empowerment of rural communities in Gunungkidul encourages the improvement of the welfare of the local village community and makes the economy of the village community in Gunungkidul Regency more developed with the presence of a batik center, a batik center which is now being developed as a tourist village in Gunungkidul Regency based on rural economic development.

The Best Village Selection Decision Support System at the District Level Using the AHP Method (Case Study at the Pagar Merbau District Office)

The empowerment of rural communities needs to be done institutional strengthening, increased motivation and self-help in community cooperation, so that in order to assess the success of village development, it is necessary to conduct a targeted, coordinated, integrated and sustainable assessment. with an assessment indicator. Village assessment is best done by comparing the latest development level based on village profile data in accordance with the assessment indicators. This study aims to build a decision support system to determine the best village based on the village assessment score using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The data used is the village data in the Pagar Merbau sub-district. This best village assessment must pay attention to 6 criteria. The results of the accuracy testing that is performed produce accuracy values ​​from the data output process as much as 5 data. The output of this system is the ranking of each village that has been assessed so as to produce recommendations for decision making in determining the best village.

PENGARUH KOMPONEN ALOKASI DANA DESA DAN PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN KABUPATEN /KOTA DI PROVINSI ACEH

Village Fund Allocation is funds originating from the APBN allocated to villages, used to finance village administration, implementation of village development, community development, and empowerment of village communities, in order to alleviate poverty. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of village fund allocation for rural development, village community development, empowerment of rural communities and gross regional domestic product on the poverty level of districts / cities in Aceh Province. This research is quantitative using panel data consisting of cross-sectional data, namely 23 regencies / cities with 3-year time series data. Data analysis method is panel data regression using eviews tools. The results of the study showed that the allocation of village funds for village development and village community development had a negative effect on poverty levels. Whereas the allocation of village funds to empower rural communities and gross regional domestic products does not affect the level of poverty. This indicates that the use of village funds prioritizes village development. Furthermore, the overall results of the study indicate that all independent variables simultaneously have a simultaneous effect on the level of poverty. Village fund allocation should not only focus solely on village development. Because the development of the quality of human resources must also get the same portion as the allocation of village funds for development, so that with the advancement of development will be in line with improving the quality of good human resources. Keyword : Components, village funds, gross regional domestic products, poverty

Village Fund Policy Implementation Model in Efforts to Reduce Poverty Rate

This study aims to examine the implementation of village fund in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province, the factors determining the effectiveness of the village fund policy, and the development of a community empowerment model through the use of village funds. This study was conducted for three months and employed a qualitative method to answer those three problems. The informants that were selected from the purposive sampling technique consisted of the recipients of village funds, the village head, the sub-district head, the division and sub-division head of rural community empowerment as well as the head of Community Empowerment and Rural Development Office (henceforth called as DPMD) of Bone Bolango Regency. The results reveal that 1) the implementation of the village fund comprises six stages; 2) there are three supporting and obstructing factors in implementing the village fund policy; 3) the implementation model development of the village fund policy is based on an empirical study on determining factors in Bone Bolango Regency.

Village Business Company’s (VBC) development model as a channel for economic and social empowerment in Pulau Kampai Village, Pangkalan Susu District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia

ABSTRACT To encourage the growth of the village economy, the Village Law also mandates the establishment of a Village Business Company (VBC). The VBC is expected to be able to become an instrument of village development, both in terms of economic development and social development. Langkat Regency is one of the Regency in North Sumatera that responded to the establishment of the VBC by making a Regional Regulation that requires all villages to establish VBC. Based on the Regent’s Regulation, every village, including Pulau Kampai Village, Pangkalan Susu District, Langkat Regency, tried to initiate a VBC, in accordance with the potential of Natural Resources, Human Resources, and needs of each village. Seeing the important role of VBC in the economic and social empowerment of rural communities, it is necessary to conduct a study of the existence of VBC since its inception until the present condition which is already more or less 4 years (2015–2019). This is necessary to see how the VBC development model is in the effort to empower the economy and social village communities. The findings of this model are needed so that it can be replicated to other VBCs and VBC has an alternative model in order to develop the VBC they are managing. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research design approaches with a combination model used in this study is dominant-less dominant design. The result shows that the Savings and Loan Business Unit was chosen because most of the residents of this village work are traditional fishermen, where this work is always tinged with income uncertainty, so that institutions are needed to be able to provide loans when they need them. VBC Sejahtera Bersama is principled as an institution that empowers rural communities to become more productive and effective.

REALITA AND THE VILLAGE FUNDS IN INDONESIA

Village funds are a form of the Republic of Indonesia's government program which launched the concept of Building Indonesia from Pingiran. This program is closely related to the empowerment of rural communities to improve community welfare. The budget, which has been launched in the amount of billions of rupiah for rural communities, is expected to bring changes in their daily lives. Community involvement in this program is intended so that the community is no longer the object of development but becomes the subject of development. On the other hand, village funds also have a negative effect, namely misuse of these funds by village officials. To explore the reality of this village fund, data on the use of funds has been used since its inception until now. To reveal this phenomenon, a study is needed to reveal the usage. This research was conducted in Gorontalo Regency which has 18 Districts, 191 Villages, which quantitatively has the largest number of villages in Gorontalo Province. Another thing about the selection of Gorontalo District as a research location is based on the consideration of having a coastal village and an agricultural village. The existence of these two villages is interesting to conduct research on village funds. In this study using qualitative methods with data collection stages, namely: initial observation, interviews and documents. The data analysis used was Huberman and Miles. The choice of the analysis method is based on the consideration of uncovering a phenomenon and nomena, which requires the researcher to directly associate and live with the community to be studied.Efforts made in the use of village funds are oriented towards long-term needs

DRIVING FACTORS OF COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND DEVELOPMENT THROUGH RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR ELECTRICITY IN INDONESIA

Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY) is one of the provinces in Indonesia which does not have fossil energy potential. Almost all of the energy needs in DIY such as fuel oil (BBM) is supplied from outside the area with increasing use every year. Therefore, this research aims to find out and analyze the driving factors of empowerment and development of rural communities through the development of electrical energy derived from Hybrid Power Plants in Pantai Baru, DIY, Indonesia. Data are analyzed by employing Structural Equation Modeling based Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results reveal that the driving factors of empowerment and development of rural communities are influenced by individual characteristics, environment, and group support.

Participatory process for land readjustment as a strategy to gain the right to territory: The case of San José–Samborondón–Guayaquil

Urban development in Latin America in the last decades is the result of the formal and informal processes of land occupation. As the largest city and main port of Ecuador, Guayaquil is no exception and as a case study, offers new insights into the dynamics of these processes. This city’s metropolitan expansion has exceeded its natural geographic limits (e.g. hills, rivers, estuaries), resulting in segregated populations and a fragmented urban landscape that exacerbates social inequalities. This paper explores the potentialities and limitations of a participatory process as a strategy to gain the right to territory, by investigating the case of the San José site, a rural area of Samborondón Canton, and metropolitan Guayaquil. The study assessed whether the methods used in combination with land management tools were appropriate for the community’s process and needs and whether they contribute to the empowerment of rural and peripheral communities in the fight to claim land rights. Surveys and testimony concerning a participatory design in land readjustment are used. The research considers how a participatory process can allow inhabitants to become essential stakeholders in their community-planning process, to create a more equitable and inclusive city. Simultaneously, the process can contribute to providing essential knowledge for the different actors (public, private, and academic). The study discusses the potential and critical issues, limitations, and challenges of a participatory approach.

Capability Development Of Malang Regency Village-Owned Enterprises (Bumdes)

This paper aimed to describe the capability development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Malang Regency. The research method used was a qualitative method. Data were collected from key informants from the Malang Regency Office of Community Empowerment and Village, and BUMDes in Malang Regency. The study revealed that there were 203 BUMDes in Malang Regency. They were trained annually for BUMDes by the Ministry of Villages, the Development of Disadvantaged Areas and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia as part of capabilities development Malang Regency BUMDes, in collaboration with the Malang Regency Office of Community Empowerment and Villages. The problems often arose in the capabilities development of Malang Regency BUMDes were, (a) socialization and communication program factors had not reached the optimum level yet; (b) lack of human resources who were able to manage the BUMDes (c) they tended to depend on the leadership of the Village Chief; (d) the partnership was too dependent on the sponsor's intention. The limitations of the study were caused by the limited time and location, so it could not cover all regions and other stakeholders. Hence, the study results could not be generalized to other regions. The implications of the studies were to increase the effectiveness of Malang Regency BUMDes capability development and consider providing regular clinics with consultants at the District Office. To improve the efficiency of Malang Regency BUMDes capability development, it was necessary to disseminate a package of practical tools guidance and management training per District, in addition to Malang Regency Training. The originality of these findings was related to the wider picture of beneficial roles of dynamic capabilities and collaborative governance for optimal and sustainable economic empowerment of rural communities.

DAMPAK DANA DESA TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN DESA DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA (STUDI KASUS PADA DESA CIBITUNG KECAMATAN SAGARANTEN KABUPATEN SUKABUMI)

The priority of village funds is used to finance the implementation of village programs and activities in the field of village development and village community empowerment. The development and empowerment of village communities can be carried out well if the management of village funds is carried out in a transparent, accountable, orderly and disciplined budget as well as the participation of various parties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of village funds on village development and village community empowerment (Case Study in Cibitung Village, Sagaranten District, Sukabumi). The research method used in this research is the mix method. The object of this research is the people of Cibitung Village, Sagaranten Sukabumi District, the sampling technique in this study was determined by quota sampling of 110 respondents. For statistical analysis simple linear regression analysis is used, the coefficient of determination and to test the hypothesis the t test is used. Based on the results of research and data analysis that has been done, the test results are obtained that the management and distribution of village funds on target can have an impact on the progress of village development and empowerment of rural communities so as to encourage the development of community independence and increase the welfare of village communities.

SKEMATIK DESAIN ARSITEKTUR FASILITAS PENUNJANG AGROWISATA BUDIDAYA LEBAH MADU (STUDI KASUS: DESA MADENAN, KABUPATEN BULELENG)

Agrowisata hadir sebagai objek wisata dengan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam meliputi pertaian dan peternakan, pemberdayaan masyarakat desa dengan pekerjaan sebagai petani memiliki wadah untuk meningkatkan produksi dari hasil pertanian maupun peternakan yang mampu mendongkrak sosial ekonomi mereka. Desa Madenan, Kabupaten buleleng merupakan wilayah yang berpotensi pada sektor agropolitan. Dari sekian banyaknya agrowisata yang ada di Bali Budidaya Lebah Madu pada Desa Madenan ini sangat berpeluang, selain terbilang unik dampak pada sosial ekonomi beserta lingkungan akan sangat terasa, terlebih pemerintah mendukung akan hal ini dalam bentuk bantuan Lebah Madu unggul, namun pengelolaannya belum tepat sehingga berdampak kepada turunnya produksi. Upaya mewadahi petani dalam budidaya Lebah Madu, Agrowisata merupakan suatu jawaban untuk memecahkan permasalahan secara arsitektural mengenai produksi dan pengelolaan. Konsep edu – tourism akan menjadi daya tarik pada agrowisata ini dengan wujud bangunan yang beradaptasi kepada iklim yang akan diterapkan. Arsitektur Tropis dengan penyesuaian kondisi iklim yang lembab dengan topografi pegunungan akan menjadi suatu solusi arsitektur pada wilayah Desa Madenan.
 Kata kunci: agrowisata, budidaya lebah madu, edu – tourism, tropis

PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI PEDESAAN DALAM RANGKA MENGENTAS KEMISKINAN DI PEDESAAN

The rural community economic development program in order to reduce poverty in rural areas is carried out with the development of a balanced industry, improving the structure of agriculture and programs to improve the education of rural communities, so as to maintain urbanization. The next program is to increase rural community empowerment programs by environmental preservation programs and strengthening of rural institutions and facilities and infrastructure. By realizing the horizontal top-down policy that includes rural communities, the government is only the general policy holder. Pilot project program by supporting rural production at a competitive level, by strengthening rural institutionalism and improving information and management for rural communities. Various ways in which countries reduce poverty and hunger through sustainable food production and consumption have been established within the framework of global sustainable development goals. This type of research is a qualitative study, where qualitative research by describing activities, phenomena, opinions / thoughts / views and documents, with data analysis techniques systematically compile the data obtained.

Empowerment of rural community through the development of renewable electricity

The purpose of this study is to analyze the empowerment of electricity beneficiaries through community empowerment activities following the use of wind and solar renewable energy (PLTH) in Pantai Baru. To achieve these objectives, the data collection in this study was carried out using a structured research questionnaire to 68 PLTH electricity beneficiaries in Pantai Baru, where they are also managers of tourism business in Pantai Baru.This study uses a frequency distribution analysis method to identify: (1) the profile of renewable electricity beneficiaries and (2) determine the extent of empowerment renewable energy electricity beneficiaries in Pantai Baru. The results showed that the characteristics of the beneficiaries were generally of a mature age, had a clear direction of life and goals, and had and adequate level of education. Furthermore, in terms of the empowerment indicators used in this study, they are rated as high. Thus, this study indicates that the community empowerment activities through the development of renewable energy have an impact to the empowerment of PLTH electricity beneficiaries in Pantai Baru.

Analysis Effectiveness of Use of Alocation Village Funds and Village Funds in Samba Danum Village Katingan Tengah Disrict on 2018

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of Allocation of Village Fund and Village Fund in Samba Danum Village in 2018. Sample in this research is Technical Team of Village financial management in Samba Danum Village. Data were collected by documentation method and interview. Data analysis uses effectiveness technique ratio. The results showed effective performance (99,9%). Level of effectiveness of village fund allocation management in Samba Danum Village in 2015 In Field of Implementation of Village Government (100%), Field of Implementation of Village Development (100%), Field of Community Development (100%), and The Budget Village Community Empowerment Sector (100%) According to realization. Year 2015 is the first year of Indonesia disbursed the Village Fund as mandated by constitution no. 6 Year 2014 about the Village. This fund is expected to be utilized by the village government to finance the administration, development and empowerment of rural communities. Allocation of village funds and Village Fund Expected to lift the area which is difficult to develop, so as to catch up from other regions.
 Keywords: Allocation Village Fund, Village Fund and Effectiveness

Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi in Kernels of Coix lachrymal-jobi L. Cultivars.

Coix lachrymal-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf of Gramineae are annual or perennial herbs and an important food-medicine homologous plants of high value in nutrition, health protection, and comprehensive utilization. In recent years, the revival of researches on its roles in food and medicinal applications of this underutilized grass for food security and economic empowerment of rural communities has been seen . In this research, Coix kernel endophytic fungi were isolated and identified by fungal colony morphology observation combined with the PCR-amplified fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses. All together six isolates to five species of Coix endophytic fungi and two isolates to the genus level were identified from the kernels of six Coix cultivars: Penicillium expansum, Penicillium polonicum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, and two genera of Aspergillus and Fusarium. Potential benefits and harms analyses showed that Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus oryzae, and Cladosporium cladosporioides can produce a variety of beneficial composite enzymes and have an extensive application in microbial chemistry, food science, and fermentation, whereas Penicillium, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternate, and Fusarium can produce corresponding toxins harmful to plants, animals, and humans. These results not only provided a basis for the targeted prevention of contamination in the tissue culture of Coix kernels by the addition of specific antibiotics, but also enriched the endophytic fungi resource pool of Gramineae crops and suggested new ideas for the improvement, cultivation, post-harvest seeds/kernels storage, and the development of new natural drugs.

THE ROLE OF CHANGE AGENTS IN COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT USING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT): CASE STUDY AT DESA KALIABU, CENTRAL JAVA

In achieved the development in rural area, there needs to be empowerment of the rural community. The success of rural community empowerment is determined by the existence of a capable change agents to help communities improve their own strength. Desa Kaliabu, Central Java became one of the villages that succeeded in community empowerment by the utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) due to the existence of change agents. Methodically using qualitative research method, this study describes the role of change agents at Desa Kaliabu in community empowerment by the utilization of ICT. This study reveals that change agents in Desa Kaliabu have educational, technical, representational, and facilitative roles and skills. Educational roles are owned consisting of Consciousness-raising, informing, and training. The technical roles consist of the ability to use computers and financial control. Meanwhile the representational roles consist of advocacy, networking, and sharing knowledge and experience. While facilitative roles seen from the existence of personal communication, utilization of skill and resources, social animation, and mediation.

A Study on Measures to Promote Rural Community Empowerment Project for Residents in Jinja, Uganda: Focused on On-Site Investigation on the Feasibility of Creating a Tourism Agriculture Complex

The purpose of this research is to strengthen rural community empowerment by creating a tourism farm as a plan to reduce relative poverty and to improve the quality of life by creating jobs and increasing the income of local residents in underdeveloped countries. To do so, literature review, stakeholder interviews, on-site investigations, focus-group interviews, a project meeting for residents and a questionnaire survey were performed and analyzed and the results were as follows. First, Uganda has the potential to increase agricultural production based on its warm climate, fertile land and abundant natural resources. The quality of life of local residents is expected to be improved by realizing high-added values through the convergence of the conventional existing agricultural industry and other industries if the agricultural technology is properly transferred based on abundant labor force and low labor expenses. Opportunities for the success of the project can be spread to other rural villages across the country. Second, since local residents are now cultivating sugar cane, cassava, matoke, banana, coffee and so on as a farm owner, tourism agriculture with high-added values can be promoted by vitalizing communities based on farming technology to be transferred and a cooperative farm. It is also necessary to implement a rural community empowerment project to do so. Third, the university that is the cooperative partner of the project is positively considering to train experts by establishing a community development department, and, if necessary, a technical training center to educate the general public, which is expected to create synergic effects through the convergence of education, agriculture and tourism. Key words: community vitalization, improved quality of life, rural development

THE IMPACT ON LEADERSHIP OF THE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT, THE GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL’S COMPETENCE, MOTIVATION AND PARTICIPATION OF THE PEOPLE TOWARD EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EMPOWERMENT OF BUM DESA IN KLATEN REGENCY

Abstract – This study has a purpose to know the impact on leadership of the village government, the government official’s competence, motivation and participation of the people toward effectiveness of the empowerment of BUM Desa in Klaten Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The rapid growth of BUM Desa may still not meet the requirements of the establishment, the organizational structure, main duties and functions (tupoksi) and its accountability so that the management of BUM Desa is assumed less effective. This method of study uses a quantitative approach where the means for data collection is by conducting survey through questionnaires and field observation. In addition, the secondary data is obtained from the Agency for Rural Community Empowerment in Klaten Regency. This data is then analyzed statistically by using a multiple regression analysis. The study result shows that leadership, the government official’s competence, motivation and participation of the people either partially or collectively have significant impact toward effectiveness of the empowerment of BUM Desa in Klaten Regency. Thus, to make the establishment of BUM Desa more effective, it needs an effort to improve a sense of leadership that can build a communication, review a business prospect, solve problems and become assertive in making decision; improve the government official’s competence by the improvement of analytical thinking ability in managing the administration affairs; strengthen the motivation to improve a cooperation with the business of BUM Desa in order to increase the welfare of people to obtain health and education facilities based on the result of empowerment of BUM Desa. Effectiveness of the empowerment of BUM Desa has a contribution in increasing its local-own source revenue. Key Words: leadership, the government official’s competence, motivation, participation of the people, the effectiveness of BUM Desa

Maritime-Agricultural Communities: Leadership and Independence System of Javanese Village Communities in the Past

This study discusses the leadership and the independence system of Javanese villages in the Past. In maritime village communities - agrarian, there are people who are trusted to lead, with the dynamics of independence. The village naturally regulates its own community based on village bound. The village burden is related to the demands of interests originating from the colonial supra village, forcing the village to be burdened with the interests of supplying goods for the needs of the world market by intensifying feudal housing. This topic is relevant to the village funding program, empowerment of rural communities with substantial funds, but in the implementation, it is still half-hearted because there is no complete belief that the village has actually been proven capable of taking care of itself and meeting its own needs. To discuss this problem, the historical method is used by reviewing important books specifically discussing villages. The results of the study provide evidence that maritime agrarian villages in Java already have leadership independence that practices in managing and meeting among the villagers. Thus, it is undoubted about the ability to channeling the village funds.