Employee Attitudes Research Articles

Competitive organizational climate and artificial intelligence (AI) acceptance: the moderating role of leaders' power construal.

The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in organizations is pivotal to deal with work-related tasks and challenges effectively, yet little is known about the organizational factors that influence AI acceptance (i.e., employee favorable AI attitudes and AI use). To address this limitation in the literature and provide insight into the organizational antecedents influencing AI acceptance, this research investigated the relationship between competitive organizational climate and AI acceptance among employees. Moreover, given the critical role of a leader in employee attitude and behavior, we examined the moderating role of leaders' power construal as responsibility or as opportunity in this relationship. Study 1 was a three-wave field study among employees (N = 237, Mage = 38.28) working in various organizations in the UK. The study measured employees' perception of a competitive organizational climate at Time 1, leaders' power construal (as perceived by employees) at Time 2, and employee attitudes towards AI and their actual use of AI in the workplace at Times 2 and 3. Study 2 was a 2 (climate: highly competitive vs. low competitive) by 2 (power construal: responsibility vs. opportunity) experiment among employee participants (N = 150, Mage = 37.50). Study 1 demonstrated a positive relationship between competitive climate and employee AI use over time. Furthermore, both studies revealed an interaction between competitive climate and leader's power construal in the prediction of employee AI acceptance: In Study 1, competitive climate was negatively related to AI acceptance over time when leaders construed power as opportunity. In Study 2 competitive climate was positively related to AI acceptance when leaders construed power as responsibility rather than as opportunity. These results underscore the organizational factors that are required in order for employees to shape favorable attitudes towards AI and actually use AI at work. Importantly, this research expands the limited body of literature on AI integration in organizations.

The role of sense of calling in the relationships between human resource practices, turnover intention and employee satisfaction in the hotel industry

PurposeThe main aim of the present research is to investigate the role of sense of calling (SOC) in the relationships between human resource practices (HRP), turnover intention (TI) and employee satisfaction (ES) in the hotel industry. Moreover, it also examines whether the relationships between these variables are different for city and resort hotel employees.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative research was employed to test the proposed hypotheses, and the survey technique was used to collect data. The participants of the research consist of 432 hotel employees who work in Antalya, Turkey. The hypotheses were tested using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM) analyses.FindingsThe results of the analysis have shown that SOC significantly impacts the ES and TI, and HRP could be a new antecedent of SOC. On the other hand, while ES is positively affected by HRP, the SOC has a moderating role in the relationship between these variables.Practical implicationsHotel authorities' understanding of the SOC’s role in employee attitudes and behavior would be a significant factor not only in retaining them but also in reducing employee turnover. They should consider increasing employees' SOC by focusing on HRP.Originality/valueBesides being one of the few studies that have discussed SOC in the hospitality literature, the current study also contributes by examining the role of SOC in the relationships between HRP, ES and TI. It also adds value to the calling literature by revealing whether the relationship between these variables differs for city and resort hotel employees.

The mediating role of employee commitment in the relationship between compensation system and turnover intentions

PurposeThe main goal of this study is to determine the role of employee commitment in the relations between the compensation system and turnover intentions of employees in the Republic of Serbia, as well as to investigate whether there is a mediating effect of employee commitment in this relation.Design/methodology/approachThe primary methodology implemented in the research was data gathering, obtaining theoretical research works on the proposed relations and empirical studies based on the PLS-SEM, analysed by IBM SPSS Statistics and SmartPLS data processing software. The data for the analysis was obtained from a total sample of 764 employees, collected in the Republic of Serbia via an online questionnaire.FindingsThe results indicated a positive statistically significant relationship between the formative construct (compensation system) and reflective construct (commitment), as well as a negative statistically significant relationship between the compensation system and reflective construct (turnover intentions). Employee commitment partially mediates the relationship between the compensation system and turnover intentions of employees.Originality/valueThe study was conducted in Serbia and is thus rooted in the specific national context which is characterized by high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance and more collectivistic society with feminine values more expressed. Most of the previous investigations related to the mentioned constructs were performed in companies from more developed countries, including Western Europe and the United States of America, whereas there has been no such research conducted in Serbia to date. The results portrayed a mismatch between the expected relations regarding the attitudes of employees to the rewards and the proposed national context. Modern companies in Serbia need to follow a modern reward mechanism to build stronger commitment and decrease turnover intentions. Moreover, in most earlier research works, compensation was examined in terms of satisfaction with rewards, while this study was based on questions related to perceptions of employees toward HR compensation practices (“The organization offers me”-type questions), not related to their satisfaction. Further, in the majority of previous research works, the compensation system was examined as a variable in combination with other HR processes (staffing, training and development, career development, employee relations, HR planning, communication, etc.), as a HPWP, while in this case the authors used only the practice of compensation (reward elements and employee performance evaluation) to investigate relations with commitment and turnover intentions.

Working together: effects of gender composition on job satisfaction and commitment

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of gender composition in the workplace on employee job satisfaction and commitment.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected on both the organizational and employee levels at three different points in time in organizations with more than 70 employees. Multi-level mixed-effects ordered logistics regressions were used to account for the multi-level nature of the data and the ordered nature of the dependent variables.FindingsEmployees in gender-balanced workplaces show higher levels of job satisfaction and commitment than those in female-dominated or male-dominated workplaces. The relationship is also based on the gender of the individual, as men show a significantly lower level of both job satisfaction and commitment when working in male-dominated workplaces than others, while for women, the effect is only significant for commitment.Practical implicationsAiming for a balance in the gender composition of the workplace may improve employee attitudes, especially for men. The results also indicate that further research is warranted into why job satisfaction and commitment are significantly lower among men in male-dominated workplaces.Originality/valueThe relationship between gender and job satisfaction and commitment is well established, but less is known about the effects of gender composition on job satisfaction and commitment. Previous papers have focused on job satisfaction. This paper extends prior studies by estimating the effects of gender composition on both job satisfaction and commitment using multi-level regressions on a rich dataset.

ASSESSING THE CURRENT STATE OF SERVICE QUALITY IN GEORGIAN BANKS

In the article - “Assessment of the current state of service quality in Georgian banks” - the quality of customer service by banks “Alpha” and “Beta” is considered from 3 positions according to its individual components. As a rule, the bank's services are studied and evaluated by the bank's management, employees and customers. Each of them has its own evaluation criteria. For this reason, it is very difficult, often impossible, to compare and evaluate the results obtained. This especially applies to the criteria of the bank itself. The article evaluates the service quality of two Georgian banks - "Alpha" and "Beta" banks from the positions of clients and employees, using a 7-point scientific Likert scale. The calculation is carried out by assigning points to individual quality components, and then calculating the integral index of satisfaction based on them. The quality of customer service by the banks involved in the research is estimated as average. Irregularities exist in both banks, however, the service quality of Beta Bank is better than that of Alpha Bank. Keywords: Service quality; Commercial bank; Personnel; Clients; Satisfaction; Integral index of satisfaction.

The Effect of Information and Communication Sector Employees' Person-Environment Adaptation on Their Attitudes Towards Work: The Mediation Role of Organizational Trust

The effect of person-environment fit on the work attitudes of employees in the information and communication sector throughout Turkey is important in terms of organizational effectiveness and efficiency. In this context, the degree to which person-environment fit affects organizational trust and organizational trust on attitude towards work can also make a difference in employees' motivation and performance. For this purpose, an integrative model was developed and tested, suggesting that organizational trust mediates the effect of person-environment fit on employees' attitudes towards work. While developing the research hypotheses, they were based on the Condition Dependency Theory (CBK). The analysis of the data obtained with the applied survey method was made with SPSS 24.0. T Test and ANOVA method were used to measure the relationship between scale scores. Process analysis was applied for the mediation test, a model was created for each sub-dimension of person-environment fit and the mediating effect of each sub-dimension of the organizational trust mediator variable was examined. The analysis results showed that person-environment fit has an effect on attitude towards work and organizational trust has a mediating role in this effect. The findings support the developed research model. According to the analysis results, trust in colleagues was seen to be a strong determinant. In addition, it was determined that trust in the manager did not play a mediating role in any of the sub-dimensions of attitude towards work in the effect of person-environment fit on attitude towards work.

Employing Individuals with Disabilities and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Employer Openness and Employee Attitudes

Employing Individuals with Disabilities and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Employer Openness and Employee Attitudes

The Influence of Leadership Styles on Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction

This research paper delves into the complex correlation between leadership styles and their impact on employee motivation and job satisfaction within organizational contexts. Recognizing effective leadership as crucial in moulding employee attitudes, behaviours, and overall organizational outcomes, this paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of various leadership styles, including transformational, transactional, charismatic, and laissez-faire approaches, and their respective influences on employee motivation and job satisfaction. Through meticulous scrutiny of existing literature and empirical studies, this paper aims to offer insights into how different leadership styles shape employee engagement, motivation, and overall satisfaction in the workplace. Comprehending these dynamics is imperative for organizations aiming to bolster employee performance and attain enduring success.

Do social investment policies promote employment among the vulnerable? A case of single mothers

PurposeThis study aims to investigate whether social investment (SI) policies improve employment among single mothers.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes the potential effects of SI policies on vulnerable individuals and workers at the macro level by using the employment position of single mothers as a dependent variable. Time-series cross-national data from 18 OECD countries between 1998 and 2017 are analyzed. Multilevel model analysis is also used for robustness check.FindingsI find that public spending on education and family support is positively associated with the employment rates of single mothers. In contrast, active labor market policy (ALMP) spending is negatively associated. ALMP’s negative effects stand out particularly with public spending on job training. Of all family support policies, family allowances are positively associated with single mothers’ employment, which runs counter to the conventional argument that family allowances are a disincentive for women’s or mothers’ employment. Paid leave (length and generosity) is also associated with higher employment for single mothers. There is also some tentative evidence that public spending on maternity leave benefits (spending level) may raise the odds of single mothers being employed, when individual-level factors are controlled for in multilevel analysis we implement for robustness check.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper does not analyze the effects of the qualitative properties of SI policies. Future research is necessary in this respect.Originality/valueThe effects of SI policies on employment among single mothers have not yet been examined in the literature. This paper seeks to be a first cut at measuring the effects.

The Entrepreneurial Leadership, Innovative Behaviour, and Competitive Advantage Relationship in Manufacturing Companies: A Key to Manufactural Development and Sustainable Business

The ability of management to influence employee attitudes and behaviours towards organizational goals is pivotal for an organization’s competitiveness, development, and survival. The study’s objective was to investigate the link between entrepreneurial leadership, competitive advantage, and manufacturing development, mediated by employees’ innovative behaviour, via the lens of resource-based view theory. Convenience sampling was used to collect quantitative data from the 378 manufacturing sector employees through the use of a cross-sectional design. There is a lack of research on the underlying mechanisms by which leaders influence organizational processes, such as innovation stimulation. This study explores the psychological mechanisms influencing entrepreneurial leadership and employee innovative behaviour, revealing that entrepreneurial leadership reduces work uncertainty, encourages innovation, and significantly impacts a firm’s competitive advantage in the market. The findings of the study revealed that entrepreneurial leadership fosters an encouraging and supportive environment in the workplace, which in turn leads to a sustainable competitive advantage. Additionally, the findings showed that innovative behaviour significantly mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and competitive advantage. By expanding the applicability of resource-based view theory, the results of this research also contribute to the comprehension of the interplay between innovative attitudes, manufactural development, competitive advantage, and leadership, specifically in the context of manufacturing sector organizations.

The effects of personal-organizational fit on employee’s positive work attitudes: An entrepreneurial orientation perspective

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has become a critical characteristic for individual career advancement and the development of corporate entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the connection between personal-organizational fit regarding EO and the working attitudes of employees remains underexplored in the existing literature. This paper explores the impact of alignment between organizational entrepreneurial orientation (OEO) and individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) on employee’s positive work attitudes, focusing on affective commitment (AC) and organizational identity (OI). The foundation of research resides in the personal-organization fit theory, as well as social information processing theory. To rigorously evaluate our proposed hypotheses, we implemented a research design that incorporates polynomial regression with surface response analysis, sourcing our data from 292 valid survey replies gathered from personnel employed by private sector organizations in China. Results reveal a positive correlation between entrepreneurial orientation and positive work attitudes, but also a “too-much-of-a-good-thing” effect, where excessive alignment between IEO and OEO can lead to diminished positive work attitudes. These findings highlight the need for a balanced approach to aligning entrepreneurial values during recruitment and underscore the importance of supporting entrepreneurial employees in highly entrepreneurial organizations.

How automated machines influence employment in manufacturing enterprises?

This paper theoretically analyzes and empirically examines the impact and mechanisms of automated machines on employment in manufacturing enterprises, drawing on task-based model and using micro data from listed Chinese manufacturing enterprises between 2012 and 2019. Our findings reveal that: (1) Automated machines in manufacturing enterprises leads to a substitution effect on the total labor force, with a substitution effect on low-skilled labor and a creation effect on high-skilled labor in terms of employment structure. (2) Further analysis indicates that automated machines primarily have a positive effect on R&D and technical staff, a non-significant effect on sales staff, and a negative impact on production, administrative, and financial staff. (3) The primary influencing mechanisms of automated machines on employment in manufacturing firms are productivity effects and output scale effects, based on the mediation effect model. (4) Considering the industry linkage effect, we employ the input-output method and the Input-Output Table and find that automated machines for upstream (downstream) manufacturing enterprises will result in a substitution effect on employment for downstream (upstream) enterprises. The novelties and research contributions are as follows: (1) we conduct a structural decomposition of total employment, and further decompose employment positions into production, R&D, sales, finance, and administration. (2) We try to investigate the industry linkage effect about the impact of automated machines on the employment of upstream and downstream enterprises. (3) We use data from listed manufacturing companies, and the data of existing research are about provincial and industry-level data.

Attitude of young employees towards financial matters: A study in Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Attitude of young employees towards financial matters: A study in Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

The Influence Of Training And Work Environment On Employee Performance (Case Study: Tax Inspector at the Directorate General of Taxes)

There are many factors that can influence employees in an organization. The aim of this research is to find out how training and the work environment influence employee performance with competency as an intervening variable. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire instrument, purposive sampling data collection techniques with 60 respondents, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis methods. Based on the results of this research, it confirms: First, based on the results of this research, it confirms that training has a positive effect on employee performance. Statistical test results show that 65% of employee performance is influenced by training. Of the several indicator variables studied, it shows that the instructor's ability to provide training is the most important factor, followed by the training material factor. From the performance variables, it can be noted that achievement indicators are the strongest factor in employee performance, followed by employee behavior and characteristics. Second, the results of this research show that the work environment has a positive effect on employee performance. Statistical test results show that 46% of employee performance is influenced by the work environment. Of the several indicators studied, the influence of organizational support is the most important factor in the organizational environment, then peer relationships or support and the influence of superiors. Third, the results of this research note that employee competency has a positive influence on employee performance. Statistical test results show that 48% of employee performance is influenced by employee competency. Of the several indicators studied, employee skills/expertise are the most important factors in the competency variable, as are employee self-concept and attitudes. These three factors will have an important influence on employee performance. Keywords: Training, Work Environment, Employee Performance

The Impact of Internal Communication on Individual Empowerment: Findings of a Representative Employee Survey in Germany

ABSTRACT In times of turbulence and uncertainty, internal communication management is an important means of demonstrating accountability to employees and supporting their empowerment, thus contributing to organizational success. Employee empowerment has numerous positive effects on employee attitudes, emotions, and behaviors, making it a relevant workplace and internal communication goal, especially in challenging times – and it seems to be influenced by internal communication. However, few studies have explored the influence of internal communication on employee empowerment. Therefore, this article examines how empowerment can be influenced by executive and peer-to-peer communication as two important domains which internal communication management needs to consider and manage. The article presents the results of a representative online survey among non-executive employees in German companies with at least 50 employees (n = 606). The findings show that the quality of both executive and peer-to-peer communication strongly supports empowerment, while the quantity of executive communication can hinder perceptions of integration and autonomy as empowerment components. This article adds to the previously limited knowledge about the impacts of executive and peer-to-peer communication on empowerment, and discusses implications regarding the theoretical analysis, empirical analysis, and practice of internal communication management.

Организационный цинизм: теоретический анализ феномена

The article delves into the theoretical analysis of foreign studies of the phenomenon of organizational cynicism and its impact on the effectiveness of the organization’s labor activity and socio-psychological climate of the workforce. To assess the extent of this influence, the authors analyzed the phenomenon of organizational cyni-cism, as well as its classifications, formed by American sociologists. During the theoretical analysis it was found that organizational cynicism represents a negative attitude of employees towards the organization and management, it will divide the team rather than contribute to its unity. The relevance of this topic is due to the lack of such materials and research among domestic scientists, which in turn will help further study organiza-tional cynicism in Russian companies and conduct their own research.

The Influence of Training And Work Environment on Employee Performance (Case Study: Tax Inspector At The Directorate General of Taxes)

There are many factors that can influence employees in an organization. The aim of this research is to find out how training and the work environment influence employee performance with competency as an intervening variable. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire instrument, purposive sampling data collection techniques with 60 respondents, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis methods. Based on the results of this research, it confirms: First, based on the results of this research, it confirms that training has a positive effect on employee performance. Statistical test results show that 65% of employee performance is influenced by training. Of the several indicator variables studied, it shows that the instructor's ability to provide training is the most important factor, followed by the training material factor. From the performance variables, it can be noted that achievement indicators are the strongest factor in employee performance, followed by employee behavior and characteristics. Second, the results of this research show that the work environment has a positive effect on employee performance. Statistical test results show that 46% of employee performance is influenced by the work environment. Of the several indicators studied, the influence of organizational support is the most important factor in the organizational environment, then peer relationships or support and the influence of superiors. Third, the results of this research note that employee competency has a positive influence on employee performance. Statistical test results show that 48% of employee performance is influenced by employee competency. Of the several indicators studied, employee skills/expertise are the most important factors in the competency variable, as are employee self-concept and attitudes. These three factors will have an important influence on employee performance.
 Keywords: Training, Work Environment, Employee Performance

Motivation attitudes of managers and ordinary employees of anti-tuberculosis organizations

The purpose of the study was to identify differences in the level of general professional satisfaction and motivational preferences of the managers and ordinary personnel of tuberculosis institutions.
 Materials and methods. An anonymous sociological survey of 75 employees of medical institutions of phthisiatric profile using the developed questionnaire was conducted. The level of satisfaction with occupational activity and motivational attitudes of medical workers was studied, and recommendations for improving the complex system of motivation of medical personnel were developed.
 Results. Managers are more likely to be dissatisfied with the key incentives compared to doctors. The priorities for doctors are loyalty to occupational duty, financial well-being and stability, for managers — self-realization, professional growth and social status. For doctors, the main motives are material, managers believe labour efficiency to increase due to developing a system of individual incentive payments and maintaining interpersonal relationships in the team. Conflict situations with a manager occur due to the imposition of additional responsibilities according to ordinary employees, to the managers’ opinion — their failure. The degree of employee satisfaction with work can be characterized as high, which is confirmed by the desire of a large number of employees to continue working in their previous position.
 Limitations: truthfulness, hasty and rash answers, distortion of results due to socio-psychological influence, small number of respondents, belonging to a narrow sphere of activity.
 Conclusion. When developing a motivation system for employees of anti-tuberculosis institutions, it is necessary to agree on satisfaction with working conditions of all occupational categories, improve incentive methods while maintaining existing favourable factors, create an individual incentive system based on investments in human resources, manage the motivational environment taking into account group affiliation, individual characteristics, preferences and personal qualities of employees, as well as assessment of employee satisfaction with innovations through regular questionnaires, sociological surveys

Using green human resource management practices to achieve green performance: Evidence from Italian manufacturing context

AbstractThe effect of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on employees' environmental engagement, attitudes, and behaviors is well‐known. What is less known is which GHRM practices can have a positive influence on achieving green performance through the mediating role played by people's engagement. To address the research gaps, this study used mixed‐method research design. In Phase 1, this study focused on the advanced manufacturing context of Italy by surveying 540 managers to develop a multiple regression model and test six different GHRM practices as the hypotheses. In Phase 2, qualitative data analysis was analyzed. Our findings highlighted that GHRM practices connected with awards and compensations did not affect green performance. Conversely, a correlation was observed between achieving green performance and practices such as training, aligning management with the company's strategic environmental goals and objectives, involving managers in the process of defining the goals and objectives, and the green reputation of the company and the managers who can act as environmentally responsible leaders. This study extends social exchange theory and opens new avenues for further research and proposes several practical suggestions for practitioners.

Determinant Factors of the Quality of Work of Life of Employees at the Horticulture and Plantation Food Crops Service of Merauke Regency

The performance assessment of the Merauke Regency Horticulture and Plantation Food Crops Service according to the government agency performance accountability system (SAKIP) in 2021 is still low, namely 69.87. Efforts need to be made to improve performance. This research highlights the quality of employees in dividing their time between work in the office and personal life. Improving the quality of employee work and life or Quality Work and Live (QWL) according to the initial survey is known to be possible by improving career development variables, work-life balance, employee attitudes, and compensation. This research aims to determine the determinant factors of QWL of employees at the Merauke Regency Horticulture and Plantation Food Crops Service. The research uses a descriptive quantitative method of hypothesis testing research over explanatory research because it is intended to explain the relationship of influence between variables through hypotheses. The research results show that work live balance (WLB) has a positive and insignificant effect on QWL, where increasing WLB can increase QWL. The more balanced work and life are, the higher the quality of work and life. Career development has a positive and insignificant effect on QWL. Smooth and fair career development will increase QWL. Meanwhile, office management's focus must be on variables with positive and significant results, where attitude has a positive and significant effect on QWL and compensation has a positive and significant effect on QWL. So efforts are needed to increase obedience and loyalty as part of the employee's attitude to the service as well as providing fair and transparent compensation.