Emancipative Values Research Articles

Lead and Lag Times of Countries in a Gentler World

Are we moving towards a gentler world, and if so, how fast are we moving? Using data for 25 countries from 1991 to 2012, a positive trend is observed in four indicators—Welzel’s Emancipative Values Index and Gender Equality sub-index, Locus of Control and Nahkur’s Societal Index of Interpersonal Destructiveness (SIID). Applying the simple logistic growth pattern over time, from a floor of 0 to a ceiling of 1, it is apparent that gender equality scores and locus of control are past their fastest growth phase (middle part of the stretched-out S-curve). Emancipative Values Index is in its fastest growth phase, but as its S curve is much more stretched out, so its increase is slow. Normalized SIID is already in its late growth phase, close to the ceiling at 1; thus its further increase is bound to be quite slow. We also looked at the lead and lag times of individual countries compared to world average. This is more informative than saying “Country A is below the world average by x units”. The average lag time was by far the largest for Russia, Ukraine and Moldova (56–42 years). The average lead time was by far the largest for Sweden and Norway (116 and 42 years). Central East Europe was the only region where index values rose rather steadily. Post-2012 increase rate is bound to be slower, feeding frustration.

Calculation and Morality: The Costs of Slavery and the Value of Emancipation in the French Antilles by Caroline Oudin-Bastude and Philippe Steiner

<i>Calculation and Morality: The Costs of Slavery and the Value of Emancipation in the French Antilles</i> by Caroline Oudin-Bastude and Philippe Steiner

Formulation of Governance and Democracy Index (GDI) and Governance, Democracy, and Emancipation Index (GDEI): A Cross-country Empirical Study (1998 – 2017)

AbstractThis research paper is aimed at formulation of a composite Governance and Democracy Index (GDI) based on the six indicators of good governance by Kaufmannet al. (2003, 2007) to assess and evaluate therelativeperformances of 10 major democracies of the world for the time period of 20 years (1998 – 2017) (Base Year = 1996). In order to do so, three distinct methodologies are adopted based on the absolute values and relative changes in the observations of independent variables. The extended part of this research involves formulation of Governance, Democracy, and Emancipation Index (GDEI) which incorporates the Emancipative values.

Clashing Values: Supranational Identities, Geopolitical Rivalry and Europe’s Growing Cultural Divide

Soon after the collapse of Soviet-type communism in Central and Eastern Europe, a new geopolitical division began to reshape the continent. Our study demonstrates that this newly emerging geopolitical divide has been underpinned by a corresponding cultural divergence, of which “emancipative values” are the most powerful marker. Using the European Values Study/World Values Survey 1990 to 2014, we find that the former Iron Curtain no longer constitutes a cultural boundary because the ex-communist states that joined the European Union have been converging with the West’s strong emphasis on emancipative values. Instead, a new and steeply growing cultural gap has emerged between the European Union and its Eastern neighbors. The two competing geopolitical formations in the West and East—the European and Eurasian Unions, respectively—have diverged culturally in recent decades. The divergence goes back to contrasting supranational identities that originate in different religious traditions, which rulers have increasingly accentuated to strengthen their nations’ endorsement or dismissal of emancipative values. Through this sorting-out process, emancipative values became an increasingly significant marker of a Western-vs-Eastern cultural identity. Our study is the first to link this groundbreaking cultural transformation to civilizational identities and geopolitical rivalry.

Las causas de las protestas pacíficas en América Latina

América Latina experimenta una creciente actividad en movimientos sociales. El artículo indaga las condiciones del contexto nacional y los factores individuales que explican las protestas pacíficas en la región. Tras examinar las teorías e investigaciones previas sobre las protestas en el mundo, el trabajo contrasta las principales hipótesis causales en el caso latinoamericano desarrollando modelos de regresión lineal jerárquica o multinivel a partir de datos de la encuesta Latinobarómetro y otros indicadores políticos, económicos y sociales de 18 países de la región. El principal impulsor individual del activismo pacífico es el interés por la política, seguido por un proxy de valores emancipatorios y el nivel educativo. Los niveles de desarrollo y democracia del país y el grado en que los valores mencionados están difundidos en la sociedad aumentan el activismo y amplifican el impacto de esos impulsores individuales. El uso de redes sociales ejerce un influjo relevante. Por sí sola, la insatisfacción personal y política tiene efectos débiles o no significativos. Las protestas pacíficas de los latinoamericanos reflejan el ascenso de ciudadanos empoderados y más exigentes, a medida que el desarrollo económico y humano avanza en la región. Lejos de perturbar la democracia, este proceso tiende a profundizarla.

Growing up in contexts with armed conflict: Individual exposure to large-scale violence and differences in emancipative values in Colombia and Mexico

This paper investigates the legacies of growing up in a country with large-scale armed conflict on individuals’ emancipative values. We used a most-similar case research design to analyze these consequences of armed conflict. We selected Mexico and Colombia as cases to compare, because they were similar in variables related to emancipative value preferences at the onset of our comparison. These two cases, however, varied, later on, in the level to which individuals of similar age-cohorts were exposed to largescale political violence. The results show that individuals who have grown up in a country with high levels of armed conflict tend to endorse less emancipative values in adulthood.

Who revolts? Income, political freedom and the Egyptian revolution

This study addresses the question: who is likely to participate in a public revolt against autocratic governments? In doing so, it asserts that a greater emancipative value, primarily, as well as a greater importance placed on politics and living of democracy will drive an individual to participate in a revolution. To evaluate this assertion, we explore the connection between an individual’s income level and his or her desire for political freedom in the context of the Arab Spring in Egypt that ousted an autocratic regime. Based on cross-sectional data taken from the fifth wave of the world values survey in 2008, one that employs a nationally representative sample of 3051 respondents from Egypt, we find that high-income individuals are more likely than are middle- and low-income individuals to report higher emancipative values and empowerment to participate in a revolution. This result supports the public choice view that revolutions are motivated by private expected utility and benefits-costs calculus.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF INTERTEXTUAL EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE “DYAH PITALOKA” NOVEL AND BOOK OF “HABIS GELAP TERBITLAH TERANG”

The purpose of this study is to compare and obtain the meaning of the relationship between the two texts about the value of emancipation so that conclusions can be obtained about the values of emancipation that can be used as an example for women to be used to get more for the state and state. The Emancipation Values examined in this study are: 1) Critical to the socio-cultural environment in society, 2) Women must have Attitudes and Wills 3) Refuse Treatment of Women 4) Love to learn and be educated, 5) Concern for community and nation research. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method by examining the values of emancipation from the two texts, looking for similarities and differences then analyzed intertextually by the authors' meanings as instruments and literary publishers. The results of the study showed that the value of emancipation owned by Dyah Pitaloka in the DP and Kartini in HGTT had many similarities and found no differences. Dyah Pitaloka and Kartini both wanted women to be empowered, willing, and chosen in many ways. Women also need to be invited to the same gender, given the opportunity in education and public roles. Women also need to be educated so that they can benefit the children and the nation. Kartini and Dyah Pitaloka both want to work together with men and also with the community. From the point of feminism, they embrace moderate feminism. This research is useful as educational material for women.Keywords: Intertextual Studies, Women's Emancipation, Novel “Dyah Pitaloka”, Texts “Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang”

Calculation and Morality: The Costs of Slavery and the Value of Emancipation in the French Antilles. By Caroline Oudin-Bastide and Philippe Steiner. Oxford Studies in the History of Economics. Edited by Steven G. Medema.New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. xiii+254. $99.00.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsCalculation and Morality: The Costs of Slavery and the Value of Emancipation in the French Antilles. By Caroline Oudin-Bastide and Philippe Steiner. Oxford Studies in the History of Economics. Edited by Steven G. Medema.New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. xiii+254. $99.00.John GarrigusJohn GarrigusUniversity of Texas at Arlington Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 92, Number 2June 2020 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/708580 Views: 81Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Nilai Moral Figur Putri Mandalika dalam Profesi Akuntan

This study departs from the legendary story of Princess Mandalika which is the basis for the moral values of the figure of the Princess Mandalika seen in the accounting profession, especially women. The moral value consists of the value of sacrifice and the value of emancipation. This research uses a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques using semi-structured interview techniques. The informants who are the object of research are the Culture and Professional Practitioners of Accountants. The results of this study indicate that the value of sacrifice and the value of the emancipation of the figure of Princess Mandalika are still alive in the accounting profession, especially women.&#x0D; Keywords: Sacrifice Value; Emancipation Value; Putri Mandalika; Professional Accountant.

Cultural Evolution Shifts the Source of Happiness from Religion to Subjective Freedom

Numerous studies have reported a positive individual-level association between happiness and two psychologically distinct states of mind: religious faith and subjective freedom (a feeling of life control). Although the strength of these relationships varies across countries, no general pattern driving this variation has been shown so far. After surveying 40,534 randomly selected respondents from 43 nations, we find that in countries where happiness is more closely related to religious faith, it is less strongly associated with subjective freedom, and vice versa. We have also identified the driving force behind this inverse relationship. Rising individualism and emancipative values, as an outcome of modernization, diminish the importance of religious faith for people’s happiness, while increasing the importance of subjective freedom. We conclude that the dominant emancipatory direction of cultural evolution favors freedom over religion.

РОЛЬ САМОУПРАВЛЯЕМЫХ ФИРМ В ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ

The article examines the intelligence of the company as the main factor and the result of the socio-economic activity of the enterprise. It is noted that the intelligence of a company depends on the quality of the subjects of the nano-level - the employees of the enterprise. In this regard, the role of modern forms of organization of economic activity and promising management practices, on the basis of which a new type of industrial relations is formed, which determines the system intelligence of enterprises, is analyzed. Self-managed (collective) enterprises are one of these perspective forms of management. It is shown that the development of intelligence is characterized by the formation of emancipative values of participants in democratic governance. At the same time, a high level of development of the company's employees participating in self-man-agement enhances the intelligence of the enterprise and reduces the transaction costs of conducting economic activities.

Mixed values and societal constraints: why the request for a "strong hand" will not lead to authoritarianism in Ukraine

Given the global rise of illiberalism and Ukraine’s own post-revolutionary turbulence, what are the risks that the war-torn society descends to authoritarianism? In contrast to numerous alerts, I argue that none of the modern forms of authoritarianism is likely in post-Euromaidan Ukraine. There are at least three groups of structural, institutional, and agency based factors that make the emergence of the authoritarian regime in Ukraine highly improbable. These are: poor leadership legitimacy, poor economy performance, regional polarization, weak state repressive capacity, the relative weakness of the ‘party of power’, fragmented elite structure, the growing linkage with the West, semi-presidentialism, institutionalized hybridity (the legacy of being hybrid regime), lack of charismatic leadership, mixed public attitudes and gravity of three (1990, 2004, 2014) waves of anti-authoritarian protest. Theoretically, this article draws on the congruence theory, which posits that the regime is stable in so far as its authority pattern meets people’s authority beliefs. The empirical data from the latest wave of World Values Survey demonstrate that Ukrainians share mixed authority beliefs, as exemplified in liberal and authoritarian notions of democracy. The score of liberal notion of democracy for Ukraine is twice higher than that of authoritarian notion (0.82 to 0.41) and is supported by the growing score of emancipative values. ‘The authoritarian congruence’, therefore is hardly achievable in the post-Euromaidan Ukraine, while any attempt to impose authoritarian rule from above would face the cumulative resistance effect produced by these three groups of factors.

Leveraging the macro-level environment to balance work and life: an analysis of female entrepreneurs’ job satisfaction

This study investigates the interactive effect of female entrepreneurs’ experience of work–life imbalance and gender-egalitarian macro-level conditions on their job satisfaction, with the prediction that the negative linear relationship between work–life imbalance and job satisfaction may be buffered by the presence of women-friendly action resources, emancipative values, and civic entitlements. Data pertaining to 7392 female entrepreneurs from 44 countries offer empirical support for these predictions. Female entrepreneurs who are preoccupied with their ability to fulfill both work and life responsibilities are more likely to maintain a certain level of job satisfaction, even if they experience significant work–life imbalances, to the extent that they operate in supportive macro-level environments.

Mise en scène et évaluation de l’audace dans l’Iliade (Patrocle, Thersite, Hélène) : le rôle des variations formulaires

If audacity is manifested by the deviation from the norm, how could it acquire some legitimacy in the Homeric epics where the gods govern all human behavior and where the formulaic tradition freezes their expression? Audacity seems to be necessarily perceived only as damnable hubris of which Patroclus offers an illuminating example in Iliad XVI: as he fights in the place of Achilles, rushing against the Trojans and exceeding the limits firmly set by Achilles and imposed by the gods, his audacity is punished at once by Apollo and clearly blamed by the poet. Paradoxically however, it is the formulaic tradition itself with its apparent rigidity that gives the poet the poetic means of valorizing certain forms of audacity, of which he exhibits the positive value of emancipation against binding standards or injustice: thanks to a subtle game of gaps and variations in the formulas, the poet directs the reception and the judgment of the listeners when he stages the verbal audacity of certain characters such as Thersite whose misplaced speech allows us to reflect on certain fixed hierarchies, or especially as Helen who, refusing to be locked in a traditional role, contests it by diverting the formulaic expression.

Cross-Cultural Comparison of Sensory Preferences in Romantic Attraction

Various physical characteristics of a partner—visual, auditory, tactile and kinetic, olfactory, and gustatory—can affect human mate choice and romantic attraction. Evolutionary factors, as well as socioeconomic and cultural parameters play their role in these sensory preferences. A series of studies in societies varying in social, economic, and cultural parameters (10 samples in six countries with 2740 participants in total) explored cross-cultural similarities and differences of sensory preferences that people have in their romantic attraction. The results revealed that social development of countries and their cultural parameters allow prediction of preferences of certain sensory parameters in one’s romantic partner’s appearance. The most general distinctions of sensory preferences are in the societies with different degree of modernization, along with corresponding social and cultural parameters. The stable biologically and evolutionarily determined characteristics of physical appearance, such as smell, skin, body, etc., are important for one’s sensory preferences in romantic attraction in less modernized societies, which are characterized by greater power distance, lower individualism, indulgence, and emancipative values. On the other hand, the characteristics of romantic partner’s appearance, which are more flexible and easier to change, such as expressive behavior, dress, dance, etc., are more important in more modernized societies with lower Power Distance, high value of Individualism, Indulgence, and Emancipation.

V. K. Lypynsky’s sociological thought: constitutional state, hetmanat, the grainproducing class

The article presents the sociological aspects of the scientific heritage of V. K. Lipinsky. Emphasis is placed on the great theoretical and practical contribution of V. K. Lipinsky to the processes of creating an independent Ukrainian state. The priority attention of the scientist to the use of sociological, political, and historical methods of scientific knowledge is noted. Certain research questions that were in the center of his attention are underlined, namely: the effective construction of state institutions; consolidation and solidarity of the Ukrainian society; patriotism education; development of traditions of the Ukrainian Cossacks; compromise interaction; the social significance of common historical experience; respect for human dignity; guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of the average citizen, as well as effective local self-government, social harmony and understanding, the development of civil and military institutions. It was noted that, in the opinion of V. K. Lipinsky, the integrating function, primarily the consolidation and solidarity of various social groups of the population into the Ukrainian political nation, is able to realize with the help of the legal hetman state; national elite; Ukrainian culture; Ukrainian state language, as well as the development of a class of grain growers, that is, free, enterprising people who effectively work on their own land. The active sociopolitical activity of V.K. Lipinsky, in particular, as one of the organizers of the Ukrainian Democratic Party of grain-growers, was recorded. The functioning of the party focused on the solution of the social contradictions of the whole society, and above all the peasants. It is emphasized that the scientist was constantly looking for ways to solve the problems of the impoverishment of the Ukrainian village, the lack of effective rural education, the lack of full attention to the professional activities of the rural teacher. At the same time, the main directions of modernization of Ukrainian society are presented, taking into account the modernization experience of successful countries of Western Europe and North America. It is noted that the practical paradigm consisting of at least three phenomena has become the basis for effective transformations: 1) the relevance (dichotomy) of the economic and social; 2) internal locus of psychological control of the average citizen; 3) the presence of European emancipative values in the public space.

What Causes Social Entrepreneurship? Emancipation as an Explanatory Framework

What causes the emergence of social entrepreneurship at a societal level? This paper proposes that emancipatory theory (Welzel, 2013) provides an adequate theoretical framework in which to comprehensively understand the emergence of social entrepreneurship as an emancipatory phenomenon (Rindova et al., 2009). We first theoretically identify the elements of the human empowerment process (action resources, emancipative values and civic entitlements, in this sequence) that drive the emergence of social entrepreneurship. Second, we empirically test our propositions by explaining GEM’s SE rate in a panel of countries for the years 2009 and 2015. Our empirical results confirm the relevance of the main elements proposed by our theory.

The effect of women’s identity and emancipative values in female labor force participation: a comparison between Latin American and OECD countries.

From the end of the 1990’s and the beginning of the 2000’s, Latin American region experienced the largest female labor force participation growth in the world. Recent literature (Camou, 2015; Chioda, 2016; Gasparini &amp; Marchionni, 2015; Klasen, 2018; Serrano, Gasparini, Marchionni, &amp; Gluzmann, 2018) conclude that marriage and fertility trends, economic growth and education as important determinants, but agree to the need to analyze women preferences and social factors also as contributing elements. This study contributes to the literature by studying these two factors in the region, from the viewpoint of Akerlof &amp; Kranton’s (2000) Identity Economic Theory, and Welzel’s (2013b) Emancipative Values Theory. Exploiting World Values Survey data and European Values Study, this investigation developed a probabilistic regression model where women’s preference towards egalitarian views as workingwoman is analyzed as Women’s Identity, and social constraints upon gender equality is analyzed integrating a Women’s Emancipative Values indicator. This work also compares Latin American countries results with OECD countries to note differences between the groups. We conclude that Women’s Identity and Women’s Emancipative Value are strong positive statistically significant determinants of FLFP. When compared with OECD countries, we also conclude that women in the two groups of countries share similar self views as workingwoman, but Latin America still has social constraints at play that are limiting FLFP in the region.

Changes in Reported Nation-Level Pro-social Behavior Frequencies Over 6\xa0Years: A Test of Alternative Predictors

This research is designed to test alternative explanations for changes in national frequencies in reported pro-social behaviors. Representative samples drawn from 136 nations reported whether in the past month they had helped a stranger who needed help, donated money to a charity, and worked as a volunteer for an organization. Change in frequencies of these behaviors over a 6 year interval were examined in relation to changes in values and in social context. Increases were more frequent in more collectivist nations. Helping strangers increased most in nations where generalized trust decreased and demographic pressures became more acute. Donating increased where civility values rose and where problems associated with refugees and displaced persons increased. Working as a volunteer increased in nations where emancipative values became more widespread. Thus, measures of both values and contextual events are required to provide an adequate account for these types of change.